Internet Protocol (IP) technology was developed in the 1970s to support some of the first research computer networks. A simple IP Address is a lot more than just a number. It tells us the network that the workstation is part of and the node ID. Today, IP has become a worldwide standard for home and business networking as well. Our network routers, Web browsers, email programs, instant messaging software - all rely on IP

2.  Internet Protocol (IP) technology was
developed in the 1970s to support some of
the first research computer networks.
 A simple IP Address is a lot more than just a
number. It tells us the network that the
workstation is part of and the node ID.
 Today, IP has become a worldwide standard
for home and business networking as well.
 Our network routers, Web browsers, email
programs, instant messaging software - all
rely on IP

3. N/W
host
Google N/W
in USA
server
1.Connected to n/w
2.Connected to server
3.Connected to desired
process.
www.google.com
Into
Ip Address
2 parts
i. N/w id
ii. Host id

4.  1) It tells us which network the device is part
of (Network ID).
 2) It identifies that unique device within the
network (Node ID).

5.  Two versions of IP technology exist today.
Traditional home computer networks use IP
version 4 (IPv4), but some other networks,
particularly those at educational and
research institutions, have adopted the next
generation IP version 6 (IPv6).

6.  32 bit logical Address.
 4 octet- 1byte-8bits.
 00000001.10001000 .11000001.00001001
 192.168.39.240
 0-255
 E.g
 145.190.20.256

7.  An IPv4 address consists of four bytes (32
bits). These b
 For example, an IP address that computers
see as
 00001010 00000000 00000000 00000001
 is written in dotted decimal as
 10.0.0.1
 ytes are also known as octets.

8.  IP addresses change significantly with IPv6. IPv6
addresses are 16 bytes (128 bits) long rather
than four bytes (32 bits). This larger size means
that IPv6 supports more than
 300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0
00,000
 possible addresses! As an increasing number of
cell phones and other consumer electronics
expand their networking capability and require
their own addresses, the smaller IPv4 address
space will eventually run out and IPv6 become
mandatory.

9.  Internet Protocol hierarchy contains several classes of IP
Addresses to be used efficiently in various situations as per
the requirement of hosts per network.
 Our first Class is A and our last is E. The first 3 classes ( A,
B and C) are used to identify workstations, routers,
switches and other devices whereas the last 2 Classes ( D
and E) are reserved for special use.
 The Class A IP Addresses were designed for large networks,
Class B for medium size networks and Class C for smaller
networks.

10.  20.100.200.15
 145.160.20.255
 137.14.78.198

11. N HHH
N HHN
N HNN
Class A
Class B
Class c
Network bit=1
Host bit=0

13.  115.10.0.12
 N/w ID= 15.0.0.0
 196.10.10.10
 N/w ID=196.10.10.0

14. 2⁷, 2⁶, 2⁵, 2⁴, 2³, 2², 2, 2⁰
128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1
___________________________________
e.g 192.168.37.200
128+64=192
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
128+32+8=168
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
32+4+1=37
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
128+64+8=200
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
______________________________________
11000000.10101000.00100101.11001000

15. Unicast IP address–
This is the type of address which is used
for one-to-one communication and
identifies a unique node on a network.
This is available for both of IPV4 and
IPV6.

16. This is the type of address which is used
for one-to-many communication.
Multicast messages are sent to IP
multicast group addresses

17. It is used for one-to-everybody
communication.It sends data to all
possible destinations in the broadcast
domain. The broadcast address holds all
host bits.

18. Public IP address Private IP address
 A public IP address is assigned to every
computer to get access over the
internet. Two computers can not have
same public IP address. User does not
have access over the assignment of
public IP address. When a computer
connects with Internet Gateway, it will
be assigned a public IP address by ISP.
 Class
Address Range
 Class
A
1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254
 Class
B
128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254
 Class
C
192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254
 Class
D
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
 Class
E
240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.
 These type of addresses are
reserved for private networks like
local area network (LAN). Three
blocks are reserved by Assigned
Numbers Authority (IANA) for
assigning private address.
 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 (Total
Addresses: 16,777,216)
 172.16.0.0- 172.31.255.255
(Total Addresses: 1,048,576)
 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
(Total Addresses: 65,536)
 These addresses are used to
provide numbers to the computers
in a private network including
home, school, business, so they can
communicate among them.

20.  A network address serves as a unique
identifier for a computer or other device on
a network. When setting up correctly,
computers can determine the addresses of
other computers and devices on the network
and use these addresses to communicate
with one another.

22.  Most network devices have several different
addresses.
 Physical addresses belong to individual
network interfaces attached to a device. For
example, the Wi-Fi radio and the Bluetooth
radio of a mobile device possess their own
physical network addresses.
 Virtual addresses are assigned to devices
according to the kind of network they are
attached to. The virtual addresses of a
mobile device, for example, change as it
migrates from one network to another, while
its physical addresses remain fixed.