2. ABOUT PART-1
In the previous lecture we learnt about the
classification of device models based on the rate of time variation of the
voltage or current
classification based on frequency of applied current or voltage signal.
low frequency and high frequency models
rigorous and phenomenol logic model based on derivation
analytic and numerical solution techniques
3. Further classification:
In this lecture we shall learn about further classification of device
models namely
Classification based on the attributes of the mathematical
functions.
Classification based on the parameters and constant
applications
4. Classification based on attributes of
function:(applies to analytical models)
Analytical function:
a function expressible as taylor’s series.
Analytical models can be formulated in terms of analytical functions.
Some types of analytical functions possible for analytical models
1.Algebraic and Non –Algebraic(Transcendental)
2.Implicit or explicit
6. Algebraic functions and a class of non algebraic functions forms a closed form
type of functions.
Closed form functions are analytic functions excluding infinite series,
continued fraction, Bessel and Gamma funtions
Another way of identifying closed form functions is consisting of finite number
of elementary functions combined using + - * /.
The elementary functions are some types of constants, exponentials,
logarithmic functions ,trigonometric functions , inverse trigonometric
functions ,hyperbolic signs and so on.
7. Another way of classification of analytical functions is IMPLICIT and
EXPLICIT functions
Closed form can be of from both implicit and explicit type
EXPLICIT FUNCTION is of the form i=f(v1,v2,……).In this form the
dependent variable is isolated on one side of the expression.
IMPLICIT FUNCTION is of the form f(i,v1,v2,…)=0.Here the dependent and
the independent variable is on the same side of the expression.
9. Classification based on attributes of the
parameters and constants:
They are classified as follows:
1.Empirical model
2.Semi-empirical model/Semi-physical model
3.Physical model
10. DEFINITIONS:
EMPIRICAL MODEL:
If all the parameters in the model have no physical meaning, then the
model is said to be a empirical model.
PHYSICAL MODEL:
If all the parameters in the model have physical meaning, then the model
is a physical model.
SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODEL:
Most of the models belong to this category because it is difficult to
model all physical effects in a equation which is efficient.
11. TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH MODELS:
1.Predictive or Scalable model:
A model which correctly predicts the effects of parameter variations on
the characteristics.
For example, In a MOSFET a scalable model is one which is predictive with
respect to W,L.
2.Process aware model:
A model in which all process parameters appear explicitly in model
equation.
For example ,Doping(Detailed doping information rather than the no of
dopants)
12. Classification based on application:
Classified into
1.Device Simulation Models
2.Circuit Simulation Models
Majority of the device models users do circuit simulation.
In order that the model will be suitable for circuit simulation , it should satisfy
several constraints such as computational efficiency , continuity and so on…
13. CIRCUIT SIMULATION MODELS:
Table-look up model:
A table of current or small signal parameter values for a large number
of combinations of bias voltages . It is the most fast model but has no physical
basis.
SOME OF THE MODELS WITH PHYSICAL BASIS:
1.Black-box model:
Examples of these models are h-,y-,z-,s- parameter models, curve fit
equations
2.Behavioral model:
A simple model which captures the device behaviour but is not necessarily
physical.
14. SUB-CIRCUIT & MACRO MODEL:
A complex device structure modelled as an interconnection of simpler
devices.
example : Power MOSFET, thyristor etc…
COMPACT MODEL:
This is the most suitable model for circuit simulation, which satisfies
GCAPS criteria . This is the most important model in circuit simulation.
15. FEATURES OF COMPACT MODELS:
These are of great interest of the large number of IC designers.
These illustrate the various conflicting GCAPS requirements and challenges in
modelling.
16.
17. Final classification based on application:
Digital model of a mosfet
Goal is prediction of inverter switching speed, for which, accurate
prediction of drive current and parasitic capacitance sufficient.
Here the model equations are regional for sub-threshold , linear , saturation
, depletion , accumulation.
They contain more number of simple equations.
Analog model of a mosfet
Both DC and small signal characteristics(transconductance due to body
effect) should be predicted accurately.
Here the model equation is a single equation which smoothly connects all
regions.
They contain a single complex equation.
18. WHAT IS DRIVE CURRENT???
In a Id-Vd characteristic of a MOSFET , the current corresponding to
VDS=VDD which is the maximum current in the device is called as a drive
current.
20. Inverse Modeling:
Extraction of device structured
from measured data.
Eg : Extraction of 2-D doping
profile in a MOSFET from
measured C-V data.