This document summarizes community-based disaster risk reduction and management (CBDRRM) activities conducted in Nepal as part of the Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk in the Kathmandu Valley. The activities included 3-day training for municipality officers, workshops to create hazard maps and emergency plans for selected wards, and prepositioning of emergency supplies for one ward. The goals were to enhance community capacities for disaster preparedness and response through participatory mapping, planning and resource management at the local level.

1. T H E P R O J E C T F O R A S S E S S M E N T O F
E A R T H Q U A K E D I S A S T E R R I S K F O R
T H E K A T H M A N D U V A L L E Y I N N E P A L
JICA Project team
WG3: Pilot Activities
Implementation of Community-based
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
(CBDRRM) Activities
Miki Kodama
14 February 2018
Final Public Seminar

2. 2
CBDRRM Activities in the ERAKV Project
Urgent Resilient and Safe Kathmandu Campaign
Flow and Targets of the CBDRRM Activities
Step 1: 3-day CBDRRM Training for Municipality
Officers and Relevant Stakeholders
Step 2: CBDRRM Activities in a Selected Ward
Follow-up Activities of CBDRRM
Recommendation for Promoting and Improving
Future CBDRRM Activities
Contents

3. What is CBDRRM?
(Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management)
Self-help
by yourself
Mutual-help
in community
Public-help
by government
To enhance capacities of community and community
members to respond and to prepare for disasters
Actors of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

4. 4
Why CBDRRM is required?(1)
• Need proper knowledge on risks and
actions to be taken in case of disasters for
the community member
Community members are the first
responder of disasters. Initial response at
the first stage sometimes determines
results of disasters
• Need pre-coordination and preparation
among community members and with
other stakeholder
Mutual help can make big differences in
the result of disasters
• Need involvement community members
in the DRRM planning
Local knowledge is indispensable for the
effective disaster risk management
including policy planning
• Need enhancing community’s awareness
for the importance of their own initiatives
Initiatives of community people have an
impact on prompt recovery from damages
and making community resilient to future
disasters

5. 5
77% of the rescued people (approx. 35,000) were saved by
families or neighbors in case of Great Hanshin-Awaji EQ
(occurred in 1995 in Japan).
Enhancement of mutual help capacities can make
big differences for saving people’s lives
Family and
neighbors,
77%
Police, Fire
Fighters,
and Self
Defense
Force, 23%
[Note]
Public help cannot
reach to community
soon in case of large
scale disasters
Why CBDRRM is required? (2)
Mutual Help is Important

6. 6
Why CBDRRM is required?(1)
• Need proper knowledge on risks and
actions to be taken in case of disasters for
the community member
Community members are the first
responder of disasters. Initial response at
the first stage sometimes determines
results of disasters
• Need pre-coordination and preparation
among community members and with
other stakeholder
Mutual help can make big differences in
the result of disasters
• Need involvement community members
in the DRRM planning
Local knowledge is indispensable for the
effective disaster risk management
including policy planning
• Need enhancing community’s awareness
for the importance of their own initiatives
Initiatives of community people have an
impact on prompt recovery from damages
and making community resilient to future
disasters

7. 7
CBDRRM Activities for Promotion of Implementation of
the SFDRR (Sendai Framework for DRR)
Priority 2: Disaster Risk GovernancePriority 1: Understanding Disaster Risk
Build the knowledge of communities
Use local knowledge and practices in
disaster risk assessment and policy
planning and implementation.
Promote national strategies to strengthen
public awareness in DRR
Enhance collaboration to disseminate
disaster risk information through the
involvement of community-based
organizations.
Assign clear roles to community
representatives in the decision-making
process for DRRM
Empower local authorities through
financial means to work and coordinate
with communities in DRRM at the local
level
Priority 4: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness
for Effective Response and to BBB
Establish community centres for the
promotion of public awareness and the
stockpiling of necessary materials

8. 8
Unnecessary evacuation actions and a lot of rumor and wrong
information disseminated among residents after the Gorkha
Earthquake, . -> Proper knowledge on earthquake should be
understood by residents
Inactive of the CDMC established before the earthquake ->
Sustainability of the CBDRRM activities should be considered
Implementation of the CBDRRM activities in the limited areas ->
Systematic implementation as regular program by the municipality
is necessary
Good CBDRRM guideline “minimum characteristics” developed by
the flagship 4 of the NRRC -> Utilization and continuous update of
the guideline as a national basic guide is necessary
Situation of the CBDRRM Activities in Nepal in 2015

9. 9
CBDRRM Activities in the ERAKV Project
WG2: Risk
Assessment
WG3: Pilot ActivitiesWG1: Hazard Assessment
BBB Reconstruction Plan
for Pilot Municipalities
Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Plan
Seismic Hazard
Assessment
Soil Investigation
Emergency
Response
Chronicle Survey
Standard Operation
Procedures
Building Damage and
Inventory Survey
Scenario Earthquake
Seismic Risk
Assessment
Evaluation of the
Results of 2002 Project
Construction of
Cut Model
Safe Kathmandu
Campaign
CBDRRM Activitiesfeedback
Original Components
Supplement Components

10. 10
Urgent Resilient and Safe Kathmandu Campaign
July - October 2015
Activities:
 Development and dissemination of brochure: 5,000 copies.
 Implementation of workshops for the local DRM committees, etc. for
Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Budhanilkantha municipalities.
 Development of radio awareness program and one month on air.
WS in Lalitpur
WS in Bhaktapur
WS in Budhanilkantha
Cover of Brochure

11. Flow and Targets of the CBDRRM Activities
• CBDRRM Training for Municipality
Officers and Relevant Stakeholders
Step 1 (20-22 Feb. 2017 )
• CBDRRM Activities in a selected pilot
ward in each pilot municipality
Step 2 (Apr. – Oct. 2017)
• Feedback to the Local DRRM Plans
Step 3 (Nov. 2017– Jan. 2018)
Pilot Wards
Lalitpur SMC Ward-8
Budhanilkantha
Ward-2
(former Ward 2
and 3)
Bhaktapur
Ward-3
(former Ward 13
and 16)
(*due to restructuring of wards,
the target areas were modified
along with the changes)

12. Step 1: 3-day CBDRRM Training for Municipality Officers
and Relevant Stakeholders: 20-22 February 2017
Result
30 participants from three pilot municipalities
Enhanced capacities and ownerships of
municipality officers on promoting CBDRRM
activities in each municipality
Created a basis for sustainable CBDRRM
activities in each municipality with a sound
understanding of the importance and needs of
the activities of the municipality officers
Lecture by MoFALD Exercise for Community
DRR Mapping
Discussion on Action Plan for
Promoting CBDRRM
Certificate Distribution
by JS of MoFALD
Step 1

13. 1st Workshop (2 day)
Learning Risk and DRRM
System in Community
2nd Workshop (2 days)
Formulation of Community-
based DRRM Map
1) DRRM Town Watching (Field
Survey by Community)
2) Community DRRM Mapping
3) Discussion on Evacuation Plan
+Follow-up Activities (Jul-Aug)
(Finalization of Map,
Documentations, etc.)
3rd Workshop (1 day)
Formulation of Action Plan/
DRRM Plan for Community
1) Disaster Response Plan for
Community (Information
Dissemination/ Response
Teams/ Equipment and Stocks)
2) Discussion on Action Plans for
Improving DRRM System and
Conditions in Community
3) Ward-level DM Planning
+Follow-up Activities (Sep-Oct)
(Finalization of Plans, Approval
procedure, etc.)
9 MCs: No. 2 & 3 9 MCs: No. 3, 4 & 9 9 MCs: No. 5, 6, 7 & 8
Risk Assessment Hazard & Risk Maps Local DRRM Plans
Pre-Coordination:
Coordination for Designation of the Participants
(CDMC Members + @)
9 MCs*: No. 1
Basic Information
*MCs: Minimum Characteristics of NRRC Flagship 4
Feedback
April and July June-August August- September
Step 2: Flow of the CBDRRM Activities
in the Pilot Wards
March
A Community Activity based on
Action Plan (each pilot ward)
1) Learning Earthquake Hazard
and Risks
2) Learning Basics of Disaster
Risk Reduction and
Management
3) Review and Discussion on
Community's Current Situation
of DRRM and HVCA Assessment
+Follow-up Activities ** (Apr-Jun)
(Documentations, etc.)
Step 2
**Follow-up Activities will be done by the selected members

14. Outcomes of the 1st Workshop:
Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment
Ward 8, Lalitpur
SUMMARY OF THE ASSESSMENT
(the case of Ward 8, Lalitpur)
• People of Ward-8 seems to be vulnerable to
earthquake and fire, since the settlement pattern
is quite traditional with narrow alleys and compact
houses.
• The Ward consists capacities regarding water
sources in almost every communities but the
sources are not well protected.
• The community seems less sensitized on disaster
preparedness and response plans. Furthermore,
they need to develop DRR plan incorporating plans
for proper mobilization of available resources and
capacities.
Ward2, Budhanilkantha
Ward 3, Bhaktapur
Ward2, Budhanilkantha

15. Outcomes of the 2nd Workshop (1)
Enhancement of the Understanding of Community’s Disaster Risks through
Town Watching
Mapping of the Findings through the
Town Watching
Listening Local Information Confirmation of Risk
Situation by themselves
Sharing Risk Information
among Participants
Confirmation of the Community’s
Capacity, such as Open Space
Discussion on the Issues and
Challenges for DRRM

16. Outcomes of the 2nd Workshop (2)
16
Community DRR Map for Ward 8, Lalitpur MC
Lhola Chowk
Ward Office
Balkumari Temple
Area
Information in the Map: Risk Areas with Pictures, Community’s
Capacity (Open Spaces, Water Supply, Ward Office, Hospital, etc.),
Contact Information, etc.

17. Outcomes of the 3rd Workshop:
Formulation of the Ward-level DRM Plan
Priority Actions in the DRM Plans
(the Case of Ward 8, Lalitpur)
 Arrange a fire extinguisher in each Tole and organize
firefighting training to generate response team within ward.
 Storage of disaster response and relief materials like tarpaulins,
ropes, rescue and first aid equipment near ward office.
 Demolish and clear partially damaged and about to collapse
buildings due to earthquake 2072 as soon as possible with
community participation and support of municipality.
 Protect available water sources, reservoir tanks and open
spaces of ward, even if it is not in use. Cover and clean wells
and open spaces at ward.
 Sensitize community on safe building and building codes of
municipality and organize awareness activities for disaster
preparedness in community (schools, various groups and
stakeholders.)
 Form response and first aid team with ward and train them.
 Establish disaster/emergency fund in ward.

18. Outcomes of the Workshops
18
DRR Carte for Ward 8, Lalitpur MC
Community Profile
Disaster History
Disaster Vulnerability and
Capacity
Information on Earthquake Risk
Priority on DRM
Plans
Info. on Open Space and
Important Contacts

19. 19
Follow-up Activities (1)
(Implementation of one of the priority activities in the DRRM Plans)
Prepositioning Emergency Mgmt Materials and
Orientation on Operation and Maintenance
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Submission of
Implementation
Plan incl. List of
the Items to be
purchased, How
to and who take
care the items,
etc.
Procurement of
the items
Orientation
Program for
Proper
Operation and
Maintenance
Handover
Orientation and Handover Program
Bhaktapur: 17 Dec. / Budhanilkantha: 19 Dec./ Lalitpur: 21 Dec.
Certificate of Handover

20. 20
Follow-up Activities (2)
(Implementation of one of the priority activities in the DRRM Plans)
List of DRM Equipment and Location for Ward 2, Budhanilkantha
S.N. Materials Unit Qty
1 Adjustable wrench Nos 2
2 Aluminum Ladder Nos 2
3 Axe Nos 10
4 Carabiner Nos 6
5 Crowbar Pcs 4
6 Disposable mask Box 1
7 Emergency Light Pcs 8
8 Figure 8 Nos 4
9 Fire Extinguisher Pcs 10
10 Hammer Pcs 2
11 Harness Pcs 2
12 Hoe Nos 8
13 Mask Nos 8
14 Mega phone Nos 2
15 Metal cutting scissor Pcs 5
16 Nylon Rope Roll 2
17 Pick Pcs 8
18 Plastic bucket Nos 10
19 Plastic Mug Nos 20
20 Portable Generator Nos 1
21 Protable Tent Nos 1
22 Prybar Pcs 4
S.N. Materials Unit Qty
23 Pully Nos 1
24 PVC Flexible Pipe Roll 3
25
Raincoat for human
resources
Nos 8
26 Safety Whistle Nos 8
27 Shovel Pcs 10
28 Static rope Meter 200
29 Stretcher Pcs 3
30
Tarpauline sheet
180 gsm in roll
Rolls 3
31
Tarpauline sheet
250 gsm
Nos 30
32 Toilet Pan Nos 25
33 Tool Kit Box Nos 1
34 Water pump Nos 1
35 Wheel Barrow Nos 5
36 Working boot Pairs 8
37 Working Gloves nos 8
38 Working helmet Pcs 8
 Operation and maintenance:
Ward Office along with CDMC take care of all the
prepositioned items.
Location for all equipment
Chapali Health Post

21. Explanation of DRM Tools Lecture on Extinguishing Fire Practical Exercise on Fire Extinguisher
Exercise for Proper Use of Stretcher Explanation of Rope Works Review of Project Activities
Handover of Approved DRM Plan Handover of DRM Tools and Equipment Participants of the Program

22. 22
Evaluation of the CBDRRM Activities by the Participants
(conducted at the final workshop in December)
42%
86%
68%
42%
4%
16%
17%
7%
16%
0%
4%
0%
0% 50% 100%
Bhaktapur
Budhanilkantha
Lalitpur
How did you feel about a series of the ERAKV
Community DRRM Workshops?
Very much useful Useful Fair Need to be improved
92%
90%
93%
4%
10%
3%
4%
0%
3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Bhaktapur
Budhanilkantha
Lalitpur
How do you think the distributed DRR Carte for
your community?
Useful for future DRR/ DRM activities or general
understanding of DRR situation in the community
A bit difficult to utilize/ understand
36%
86%
48%
48%
7%
42%
16%
7%
9%
0% 50% 100%
Bhaktapur
Budhanilkant…
Lalitpur
Could the series of the CBDRRM Workshops
contribute to enhancing disaster resilience of
your community?
Yes Considerably Somewhat
0 20 40
Bhaktapur
Budhanilkantha
Lalitpur
Female - Below 30 Female - 30-39
Female - 40-49 Female - 50-59
Male - Below 30 Male - 30-39
Male - 40-49 Male - 50-59
Male - Above 59
Age distribution of the Participants

23. 23
Evaluation of the CBDRRM Activities by the Ward
Representatives and Municipality Officers in Charge
(Interview Survey from 3 persons of Budhanilkanta, 3 persons of Lalitpur, 2 persons of Bhaktapur)
100%
Yes
Did the ERAKV activities contribute the
enhancement of the DRRM capacities of the
community?
12.50%
87.50%
Somehow
Yes
Do you think this kind of activities can be
replicated in other wards in your municipality
or in other parts of Nepal?
 The project workshops and activities have motivated
CDMC and developed positive attitude towards
CBDRRM activities.
 Direct participation of community people themselves
and use of participatory tools like town watching is
very good and I think this has turned workshops
fruitful.
 CDMC must disseminate knowledge to each
households, communities and schools. Otherwise
there will be no use of knowledge gained by CDMC
members.
 Due to the limitation of budget and
institutionalization, activities related to DRR
preparedness and implementation is difficult to
conduct in the ward but the ward office is planning to
allocate the budget endorsing Ward Level DRM plan
in Municipality annual planning.
 Still may need expert help and consultant to develop
other DRR packages at community. Community had
positive attitude towards workshops and disaster
related activities, this enthusiasm will continue
activities.

24. 24
Update and promote of the guideline for the CBDRRM activities, such as
“Minimum Characteristics of a Disaster Resilient Community in Nepal”
proposed by the NRRC Flagship 4
Ensure sound understanding and active involvement of the
representatives of the wards about the CBDRRM activities
Consider promotion of the collaboration between the existing
community groups and the CDMC
Secure budget for the involvement of the NGOs or other organizations
for the support of the implementation of the CBDRRM activities
To Municipality
Provide regular opportunities of the training for learning CBDRRM
activities as well as the DRRM matters to municipality officers
Increase the number of the municipality officers in charge of DRRM
Ensure sustainable involvement of CBDRRM activities by the
municipality
Increase allocation of the regular budget for sustainable CBDRRM
activities
Recommendation for Promoting and Improving
Future CBDRRM Activities
Step 3

25. 25
Towards Disaster Resilient Communities
Let’s Empower Community People
and Improve Initiatives of Communities!
Thank you very much for your cooperation and active involvement!