This document provides information on major cultivable carps and prawns in India. It discusses the different types of major carps including Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, and minor carps. It also covers exotic fishes, murrel fishes, catfishes, air-breathing fishes, coldwater trout species, and prawns that are suitable for cultivation. The document emphasizes that carp culture forms the backbone of freshwater aquaculture in India and discusses the technological developments that have led to the growth of the carp farming industry.

1. Major Cultivable
Carps and Prawns
Dr.G.Srinivas,
M.Sc,B.Ed, Ph.D
Associate Professor
Silver Jubilee Govt College

2. 2

3. Revereine
Lacustrine
Esturine
Marine
Reservoirs
Ponds
Tanks
Fishes
Prawns
Lobsters
Snails
Oyesters
Cephalopods
Frogs

4. Industrial fisheries
Small scale Fisheries
Artisanal Fisheries
Recreational Fisheries
Commercial fisheries
Subsistence fisheries
Traditional fisheries
Inshore fisheries
Marine fisheries
Lagoon fisheries
Inland fisheries
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5. CAPTURE FISHERY
CULTURE FISHERY
FIN FISHERIES : Different Habitats… Nutritional/ Economic
SHELL FISHERIES :
» Prawn fishery
» Crab fishery
» Pearl fishery
» Oyester fishery
» Snail fishery
» Squid fishery
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6. FRESH WATER FISHES IN INDIA
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MAJOR CARPS
MINOR CARPS
MURRELS
CAT FISHES
EXOTIC FISHES
COLD WATER TROUTS
Inland waters are permanent
water bodies inland from the
coastal zone and areas whose
properties and use are dominated
by the permanent, seasonal, or
intermittent occurrence of flooded
conditions.
Inland waters include rivers,
lakes, floodplains, reservoirs,
wetlands, and inland saline
systems.

7. MAJOR CARPS:
• Grow by Feeding Phyto,Zoo planktons,decaying organic sub.,Aqautic Plants
• Pharyngeal Bones with teeth meant for Grinding
• Skin-Naked/ Cycloid scales
• Sustain high temp and turbidity
• Grow Fast and can be induced to reproduce
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8. 8
TL
SL
BD
HL
E
S
LCP
DCP

9. 9

10. 10

11. 11

12. 12
As carp culture forms the backbone to freshwater aquaculture practice
in India.
Carp culture in India was restricted to as homestead backyard pond
activity in West Bengal and Orissa until late 1950s, with seed from
riverine sources as the only input resulting in low level of production.
Importance of fish culture as an economically promising enterprise
was gradually implemented in India.
By then, non-availability of quality fish seed and lack of scientific
culture know-how constrained the growth and further development of
carp culture.

13. 13
The technological breakthrough in induced breeding of carps
through hypophysation in 1957 revolutionalized freshwater
aquaculture of the country.
With assured supply of quality seed, the techniques of
seed rearing and grow-out culture of carps had undergone
faster development and refinement through research and
development made by the Pond Culture Division of the CIFRI
and Government of India respectively.

14. 14
Project on 'Composite Culture of Indian and Exotic Fishes' initiated by
the CIFRI during 1971 virtually laid the foundation for scientific carp
farming in the country by demonstrating high production levels of 8–10
tonnes/ha/yr.
Subsequently, three more on 'Spawn Prospecting', 'Air-breathing
Fish Culture' and 'Brackish water Fish Culture' were launched.
With the ready availability of hormone formulations, the production of
carp seed through induced breeding led to a tremendous boost and
subsequently, riverine seed collection and bundh breeding became out
of date.

15. 15
Carp culture, thereupon, during the late 1980s has
expanded its dimensions in terms of area coverage
and intensity of operation, with Andhra Pradesh,
Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, and other part of
country etc., taking up fish culture as a commercial
farming enterprise.
The research and development efforts during the
last six decades have placed carp farming as an
important economic enterprise as a fast growing
industry.

16. 16
CARP CULTURE SYSTEM IN INDIA

17. INDIAN CARPS
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Major Carps
Catla catla (catla)
Labeo rohita (Rohu)
Cirrhina mrigala (Mrigal)
Minor Carps
Labeo calabasu (Calbasus-Black rohu)
Labeo bata (Bata)
Labeo fimbriatus (Cauvery car)
Cirrhinus cirrosa (White carp)
Puntius karnaticus(Tawe)

18. 18
Channa punctatus
Channa striatus
Channa marulius
Calrius batrachus
Clarius macrocephalus
Anabas testudeneus
Etroplus suratenses
Wallago attu
Mystus seenghala
Pangasius pangasius
Silonia silonia
Cat Fishes
Hypopthalmychthys molitrix
Ctenopharyngodon idella
Cyprinus carpio
Osphronemus goramy
Tilapia/Oreochromis mossambicus
Exotic Fishes Murrel Fishes

19. 19
Trouts
Salmo trutta fario
Salmo gairdneri
Tor tor
Tor putitora
Tor Khudree
Tinca tinca
Mahseers
Macrobranchium rosenbergi
M.malacomsoni
PrawnsCold Fishes

20. MAJOR CARPS
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21. 21
Catla catla (Botche) : cypriniformes
Largest major carp
Polyculture fish
Conspicuous large head with No scales
Body elongated broad and stout
Blackish grey above and silver on the sides
Wide mouth, Prominent Upper & lower lip
Barbels absent on lips
Dorsal fin is quite large, Caudal fin is bilobed
Surface feeder - Algae, aquatic plants, rotiferans, crustaceans and plankton
Growth: 1 kg /year and 4-5 kg in second year(max 70kg-180cm length)
Fecundity : 1.75-2.0 Lakh eggs/Kg body weight

22. 22
Labeo rohita (rohu) : cypriniformes
Common carp
Polyculture
Column feeder-mid waters
Feed on algae, decay sub, debries
Fecundity : 3-3.5lakh eggs/Kg
700-750 gms in One year
1-4 kgs in two years (max 35 kgs)
Body elongated , moderately rounded abdomen
Bluish on back silvery on the sides and beneath
Scales are large and orange to reddish in the centre
Head prominent with blunt snout, no scales on head
Eyes are reddish, lips are fringed with two maxillary barbles
Mouth is transverse and semi oval, suctorial disc present on the chin
Dorsal fin midway, pectoral is shorter, caudal fin deeply forked, anal fin is short

23. Cirrhina mrigala (Mrigal)
Polyculture
Feeds on bottom waters
Algae,decayed plant animals
1-2 lakh eggs/kg
Slow growing
500-700 gms/year
Max 20kgs
Resemble labeo but slender
Elongated body and compressed, scales absent on head
Body is silvery ,dark grey along back with coppery tinge
Mouth wider, thin lips, rostral barbles and small , snout is obtusely rounded
Caudal fin deeply forked , pectorals shorter than head
Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins are orange and dorsal is as high as body

24. Minor Carps
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25. 25
Labeo calabasu (Calbasus-Black rohu) : Cypriniformes
India, Bangladesh, Pakistan
Ponds with Low salinity
Body is Bluish green
Small head &Folded lips
Snount has 4 long barbles
Dorsal fin with 12-14 finrays
Max size : 1m and 1.5-2 kg weight
Fecundity :1400 eggs/ 1 gm of ovary

26. 26
Labeo bata (Bata)
Composite Culture – major carps
Dorsal fin 9-10 fin rays
Scales :Coloured Metallic green
Omnivore deep water
Maturity 9-10 months
Fecundity: 285/1gm ovary

27. 27
Labeo fimbriatus (Cauvery carp/Fringed liped carp)
Moderately compressed body
Snout obtuse rather swollen
Lips are thick and fringed
2 pairs of short barbles
Silvery at back, lighter at sides
Fins are marked black
Cauda lfin has dark blotch

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Cirrhinus cirrosa (White carp) ; Cypriniformes
Deep water , feeds on algae
Small head .blunt snout thin lips
Average length of 45 cm
Dorsal fin 14-15 fin rays
First finrays elongated
Body silvery with red tinge
(Except abdomen)
Bottom feeder
Common in krishna,
Godavari ,kaveri rivers

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Puntius sarana(sarana) :Cypriniformes
Karnataka rivers
Omnivore-detritus, algae, worms
Ave 30cm
Breeds during moon soon

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Exotic Fishes

31. 31
Hypopthalmychthys molitrix (Silver carp) Cyprinoformes
Oblong, laterally compressed body
Pointed head , Bluntly rounded snout
Slightly protruded Lower jaw
Eyes covered with adipose
Keeled abdomen
Surface feeder
Gills modified as sieving apparatus
Very fast growth
1.5/2 Kg/Year
1.7 lakh eggs/Kg body weight

32. Ctenopharyngodon idella (Grass carp)
Moderately compressed body
Broad head
Short rounded snout
Upper jaw slightly longer
Horny mouth
No barbels
Round abdomen
Notch on snout
Greenish at dorsal /dark grey
Silvery on belly
Omnivore
Feed morethan its Body weight
Used for aquatic weed control
Multipurpose utility_ Silver carp grazes on phytoplankton
Weighs 20kgs
Fecundity :75,000 eggs/kg body weight

33. 33
Cyprinus carpio (Common carp)
Moderately oblong slightly Compressed
Protractlie mouth
Smooth and Plain lips
2 pairs of Prominent barbels
Omnivore –bottom feeder
Fecundity:8-10lakhs eggs/kg body weight
Lether carp, Mirror carp, Scale carp
(Varieties)

34. 34
Osphronemus goramy (Gowramy)
It cannot live in Cold waters
Live in Low O2
Slow Growing

35. 35
Tilapia/Oreochromis mossambicus
AFRICA
Dorsal Fin
Anteriorly fin rays, Posteriorly soft
Upper jaw is larger in Males
Breed at age of 2 Months
Fecundity very high
(8 times /year)
Young stages feed for Murrels
-Multipurpose
Parental care is conspicuous

36. 36
Air breathing fishes :
Giant murrel, striped murrel, spotted murrel, Magur and
Singhi are the air breathing fish available for culture.
Air breathing fish are the second most popular group of
fish cultured in freshwaters.
Murrel Fishes

37. 37
Channa punctatus (Snake Headed /Spotted Murrel): Channiformes
MATTAGUDISA
Long fish Snake like
Accessory respiratory organs
Lives out side water
“LIVE FISH “
Coloured differently
Lives in stagnent waters
Size :30-35 cm
Fecundity high
High demand food

38. 38
Channa striatus (Striped Snake headed Murrel)
Dark brown coloured
Yellow bands either side
Size :0.9 Meters
Cholesterol is very less
Good for health

39. 39
Channa marulius (Murrel)
Large headed Snake Fish
Poolamalle
Size : 45-100cm
Artificial culture
Composite culture with Tilapia
Finrays absent on dorsal fin

40. 40
Cat Fishes
Middle class
Skin naked
No scales
No bones except Vertebral column
Jaws are toothed-Predatory
Breath outside water
Migaratory
Transportation is easy
2-4 pairs of barbels on jaws

41. 41
Calrius batrachus(marpu) : Siluriformes
Brakishwater & fresh water
Long body , depressed head
Oscicles on dorsal and lateral sides
Gray body
Gills accessory respiratory organs
Pectoral fin is spiny
Caudal is circular
Snout bears 4 pairs of barbs
Size :45 cm
Highly nutritious

42. 42
Clarius macrocephalus(magur)
Grow 40cm
Occipital process are pointed

43. 43
Anabas testudeneus
Climbing perch
Size : 15 cm
Triangular head, wide mouth
Accessory respiratory organs
Greenish coloured

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Etroplus suratenses
Pearl spot
Laterally compressed
Green/Voilet
8 long banded stripes on lateral side
Feeds on filamentous algae(Unicellular)
Size : 31cm
Opaque whilte spot shining like pearl

45. 45
Wallago attu Freshwater Shark/Waluga
Varacious predator
Toothed jaws
Long wide mouth
Large head
Laterally compressed body
Long thin tail
90-100cm
Not suitable for artificial culture

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Mystus seenghala
4 pairs of Barbs
Elongated upper jaw
Long maxillary barbs
Deeply devided caudal fin
Large dorsal lobe
Size :1m

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Pangasius pangasius
Adipose tissue fin
Long barbs extend to pectoral fin
Villi like teeth
Long anal fin
Divided Caudal fin
Size :1.5m

48. Silonia silonia
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Short adipose fin
Mouth towards dorsal side of snout
Grooved Maxillary barbs
Mandibular barbs embedded
Forked caudal fin
Size :2m
Weigh :45kgs

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The Mahseers and the exotic trouts are species available
for cold water fish culture
Species Mahseers suitable for culture are Tor putitora;
T. tor, T. khudree, T. mosal and T. malabaricus
The snow trout Schizothorax sp and minor carps such as
Labeo dero and L. Dyocheilus are also suitable coldwater
species
Coldwater fish

50. 50
Salmo trutta fario
Brown trout
Introduced in rivers of Himalayas
Adipose fin on dorsal side
Fins are dark coloured
Pectoral fins are smaller
Scales are minute
Black spots along body length
Size :35 cm
Weight :500 gms

51. 51
Salmo gairdneri
Rainbow trout
North America-Kerala &Ooty
Mouth is narrow
Demarkation is unclear between
Body-Caudal fin
Adipose fin at dorsal side
Dorsal –Caudal fins_Pinkish
Diffeently coloured body
Head Dorsal sides-Metallic blue with
Reddish bands
Belly light colored
Size;40cm
Weight:1.5 kg

52. Mahseers
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53. 53
Tor tor (MAHSEERS)
Small mouth deep stout body
Lips tender and fleshy
Short rostral & Long maxillary barbs
Forked caudal fin
Dorsal-Greyish green
Laterals –Pink
Grows: 1.8m
Weigh: 100kg

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Tor putiora (Yellow finned masheer)
Grows 2.5 m
Head wide pointed
Males have enlarged lips
2 pairs of barbs
Short pectoral fins
Deeply notched caudal fin

55. 55
Tor khudree
Short wide head
Pointed snout
Fleshy lips surrounds mouth
Sharply divided caudal fin
Deeply coloured body

56. 56
Tinca tinca (Chocolate mahseer)
Native of Europe
Omnivorous fish
Size 40cm

57. 57
Macrobranchium rosenbergi
M.malacomsoni
Gaint freshwater prawn
Long rostrum-13-14 rostral spines(dorsal)
11 rostral spines(Ventral)
2nd pair of legs are chelated(males)
Migrates to esturies
32 cms & 450 gms weight
7000-5,00,000 eggs
River Prawn
Short rostrum
11-12 dorsal spines, 4-5 ventral
2nd pair of legs with chela(males)
23 cm
4000-60,000 eggs

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“Fish for all and Forever”

59. Fishing harbour of Visakhapatnam
(collection site)

60. In view of the paucity of information on the ecology of
marine fish parasites in general and from tropical countries
in particular, the present investigation has been
undertaken.
Objective:
 To study the prevalence and mean intensity of infection with Stomachicola muraenesocis in the host
population with a focus on the relationship between host size and sex.

61.  Congresox talaboniodes,commonly known as Indian pike conger, quite
abundant along the coast of Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal.
 Commercially important species;
It is delicious edible fish
Air bladders are used in clarification of wines.
 An ideal host for several digeneans and nematodes

62. STOMACH ANALYSIS
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63.  The hemiurid digenean S.muraenesocis is a
common parasite of the conger eel.
 It is quite large in size, measuring 1-6cm.
 It is haematophagus.
S. muraenesocis

64. S. Muraenesocis –Cross Section & SEM

65. Acetyl choline esterase activity
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Stomach Cross section-Infected region