Anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues. In these slides you will get to know types of anemias and pathology .

1. ANEMIA E.SRILALITHA
MSC SPORTS
NUTRITION
ROLLNO -10

2. ANEMIA
• Deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood or the count of red blood cells
decreases
• CHARECTERIZED BY REDUCTION IN
RBC count
Hb content
Packed cell volume (PCV)or hematocrit

4. ERYTHROCYTES(RBC)
To carry oxygen from lungs to tissues
• Biconcave shape
• Diameter: 7.8 micrometer
• Thickness: 2.5 micrometer
• Life Span: 120 days
• Normal ranges: 4.5-5.5 Million/cu mm
• Male :4-5million/cu mm
• In females :2-4 million /cu mm
• Folic acid & vitB12 are required for the maturation of cells

5. ERYTHROPOIESIS

6. CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA

7. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ETIOLOGY

8. CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA

9. HEMORRHAGIC ANEMIA
• In acute hemorrhage ,this condition is corrected within 4-6weeks.
• In chronic conditions like peptic ulcer, hemophilia etc
• Due to continuous loss of blood &iron causing iron deficiency
• Cells are microcytic and hypochromic

10. APLASTIC ANEMIA
• Disfunctioning of bone marrow
• This is due to:
• Repeated exposure to x-rays or gamma rays
• Presence of bacterial toxins,radium,tuberculosis,etc.
• This can also be genetic defect
• Mutation in seen in PIGA, BCOR or BCORL1, DNMT3A, and ASXL1
genes.
• Also seen in viral hepatitis ,HIV, cytomegalovirus
• Cells are normocytic and normochromic

11. MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
• Is a condition in which the bone marrow produces unusually large,
structurally abnormal, immature RBC (MEGALOBLASTS)

12. HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
• Hemolysis –destruction of RBC
• Anemia occurs due to excessive hemolysis
• Hemolysis due to antibodies or drugs &chemicals called as
AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
• Hemolysis due to defective RBCs such as sickle cell anemia
• If there is abnormality in the shape of RBC ,hemolysis occur
• Eg: asterocytes,

14. PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
• Caused by deficiency of iron ,folic acid and B12
• Folic Acid is necessary for the maturation of RBC
• If B12 deficiency is the reason for anemia the it is called as pernicious
anemia or Addison's anemia
• Atrophy of gastric mucosa because of autoimmune destruction of
parietal cells,this atrophy results in decreased intrinsic factor which
results poor absorption of vit B12.

17. HEMATOCRAIT UNDER VARIOUS
CIRCUMSTANCES

18. SYMPTOMS OF ANEMIA
• Paleness in skin and mucous membranes
• Koilonychia (spoon shaped nails)
• Tachycardia
• Dyspnea (difficulty in breathing)
• Oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in females
• Abdominal discomfort, nausea and vomiting's are common

20. REFERENCES
• Human physiology by Guyton and Hall –12 th edition
• Human physiology by Lauralee Sheerwood
• Human physiology by k.sembuligam