brain stroming

1. PRESENTED BY ,
Spurthi BS
Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD)
Mallige college of pharmacy
•GENE KNOCKOUT AND KNOCKIN OF CCR5 CHEMOKINE CO-
RECEPTOR TO PREVENT THE ENTRY OF HIV INTO THE
TARGET CELL.

2. MACROPHAGE
CCR
5
CD4
T-HELPER
CELL
CXCR
4
CD4
STRUCTURE OF
HIV

3. ENTRY OF HIV INTO THE TARGET CELL
 Gp120 of the virus will bind to
CD4 RECEPTOR of
macrophages or T-helper cell.
This is called as PRIMARY
ATTACHMENT.
 Primary attachment alone is not
sufficient of the virus to fuse its
membrane with the target cell
membrane hence, one more
active sites of gp120 will
interact with CCR5-
CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR 5.
 Now the virus can easily fuse
with the target cell.

4. GENE KNOCKOUT
CCR5 GENE which codes for CCR5 is knocked out.

5. CHEMOKINES are the
signalling proteins
secreted by the
immune cells for
communication and
chemo-attractant
properties between
the cells.
CHEMOKINE AND CELL
COMMUNICATION

6. CCR5
(BEFORE)
ALTERED
CCR5
(AFTER)
RESULT OF GENE
KNOCKIN
GENE KNOCKIN
Alteration in the genomic sequence CCR5 GENE leads to
the production of ALTERED CCR5 which have the
property of preventing the entry of virus and also restoring
the normal function of CCR5.

7. “IF WE DONT HAVE GENETIC
MUTATIONS, WE WOULDN’T HAVE
US. YOU NEED ERROR TO OPEN THE
DOOR TO THE ADJACENT POSSIBLE”.
-STEVEN JOHNSON