This document discusses ZigBee wireless communication technology and its suitability for Internet of Things (IoT) systems. It begins with an introduction to various wireless standards including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GSM, infrared and NFC. It then describes ZigBee in more detail, including its standards body, frequency bands, data rates and power consumption. The document explains why ZigBee is better suited than Wi-Fi and Bluetooth for wireless sensor networks used in IoT due to its lower power requirements. Finally, it presents a case study of a "Smart Helmet for Coal Miners" that uses ZigBee modules to monitor temperature, gas and humidity levels and trigger alarms

1. Zig-Bee Communication
Technology For Energy
Efficient IoT Systems
Guide
Asst.Professor Mr. Anwar Hussain
Dept. of ECE
GEC PALAKKAD
1
By
SOORAJ PAUL
S8 ECE
GEC PALAKKAD

2. INTRODUCTION
This presentation deals with the
1.Zig-Bee wireless technology that is based on
IEEE 802.15 standards & its properties
2.Its advantages over other short range
Wireless communication technologies
3.A real life implementation of an IoT system
using Zig-Bee
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3. INTRODUCTION
– Wireless communication standards:
• IEEE 802.11 a/b/g (Wi-Fi)
• Bluetooth
•Zig-Bee
• GSM
• Infra red
• NFC
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4. What is Zig-Bee?
•Short range wireless communication similar
to Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
•Technological Standard Created for Control
and Sensor Networks
• Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
• Created by the Zig-Bee Alliance
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5. 5
What is?
•Group of companies that maintain & publish the Zig-Bee standard.
•They include Ember, Honeywell, Invensys, Mitsubishi, Motorola,
Philips, and Samsung etc.

6. ZigBee Alliance
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7. The IEEE Std. followed:
•The IEEE 802.15 working group was established to
develop standards for short range wireless
networks
•There are 4 groups in 802.15 standard
•The group four (802.15.4) which is named as Zig-
Bee stands accountable for developing standards of
PHY and MAC level for a small flow of data ansd
that will extend long battery life
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8. Wireless sensor network for IoT
• A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a
wireless network consisting of distributed
devices using sensors to monitor physical or
environmental conditions.
•An IoT System uses WSN for gathering
information such as
Temperature,humidity,presence of chemicals
etc…
•This means a WSN is the backbone of an IoT
system
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9. Why NOT Wi-Fi and Bluetooth for a WSN?
– What makes them unattractive for
WSN:
• Power hungry (need big batteries)
• Complexity (need lots of clock
cycles and memory)
• cost
– New protocol for WSN: • 802.15.4 :
Zig-bee
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10. Why NOT Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
for a WSN?
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• High data rates
– up to 11Mbps for b and
– up to 54Mbps for g and a)
• Distance up to 100 meters, or more with
special antennas
• The Cost of Throughput
• High power consumption
– Sources about 1800mA when transceiver is
operational while Zig-Bee uses 30mA

11. Zig-Bee Aims:
1. Low data rate
• transmission rate is 250-260 kbps
2.Low power consumption & hence long battery life
•30mA
3.Low Cost
•Zig-Bee Module costs only about 300-400 INR
4.Low latency
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12. WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON CHART
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13. Lights and Switches :a simple
example
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14. Zig-Bee Architecture
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MAC
PHY
868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz
Application
API
Security
32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption
Network
Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree
ZigBee
Alliance
IEEE
802.15.4
Customer
– “the software”
– Network, Security
&
Application layers
– Brand management
IEEE 802.15.4
– “the hardware”
– Physical & Media
Access Control layers

15. ZigBee Statistics
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16. Frequency bands 868MHz,915MHz and
2.4GHz are available and a total 27 channels
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17. Device types
Three different types of Zig-Bee devices:
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Zig-Bee Coordinator (ZC):
•The initialization, maintenance, and control functions for the
network are handled
• Only one ZC can be deployed in one network.
•store information about the network
•repository for security keys.
Zig-Bee Router (ZR):
•The router has only forwarding capability
•forward sensed data to the base station
Zig-Bee End Devices (ZEDs):
• The end device lacks forwarding capability.
•These devices can communicate with ZR and ZC

18. Implementation Topologies and their
Comparison
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19. Implementation Topologies and their
Comparison
STAR
• Star networks are simple
• a coordinator is surrounded by a group of end devices
• Only a single path for destination
MESH
• most flexible
• multiple paths from source to destination
• failure of a particular router- search for an alternate path
CLUSTER TREE
• has increased coverage area
• If a router fails, then all of that router’s depending devices are cut
off:-less reliability
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20. Implementation Topologies and their
Comparison
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21. Real Life Implementation of an IoT system
utilizing Zig-Bee communication technology
“SMART HELMET FOR COAL MINERS USING ZIGBEE
TECHNOLOGY”
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22. SMART HELMET FOR COAL MINERS
•The system is to avoid the hazards in coal mines
•hazards include suffocation, gas poisoning, gas
explosions etc
•The system monitor the hazardous gases, abnormal
temperature conditions and the humidity levels in
the air
•If any sensor value is above the threshold ,the
buzzer gets alarm
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23. SMART HELMET FOR COAL MINERS
Structure of the system:
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24. SMART HELMET FOR COAL MINERS
Hardware units and sensors:
1.Temperature sensor LM 35
•temperature range is
from -55°C to 150°C
•Normal temperature Range of underground coal mine is
50 °C to 60 °C
•The explosion area is above 70 °C
•The system is programmed such that buzzer gets alarm
when temperature reaches the threshold.
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25. Hardware units and sensors:
2.Gas sensor-MQ6
•Senses LPG (composed of propane
and butane), hydrogen sulphide and
shows approximate percentage of
that gases.
•5-15% is harmful for humans
•Detects gas concentrations 200-
10000 ppm
•Greater than 500ppm is harmful for
health
•working temperature range is -40℃ ~
+70℃
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Gas sensor-MQ6

26. Hardware units and sensors:
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3.Humidity sensor-DHT 11
•Senses the approximate level of
humidity in air.
•operating range is 0 to 60 degree.
•measurement accuracy ±0.3%
4.LCD DISPLAY
• 4X20 LCD DISPLAY on the helmet displays
the sensed values

27. Transmission and reception of data to main
station
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•RTS &CTS pins on the Zig-Bee module controls the flow of
data through network
•When CTS pin is low, the MCU / control station can send
data to Zig-bee module
•When RTS pin is low , the Zig-bee module can send data to
MCU / control station

28. Zig-Bee module used:
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CC2420 Zig-Bee module
•CC2420 By Honeywell Zig-Bee module is
used
•2.4 GHz band is used
•Gives data rate of 250kbps
•Supply Voltage Min: 1.6V to 3.6V
•Operating Temperature -40°C to 85°C

29. Applications
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 Telecommunication Applications
 Hospital Care
 Home Entertainment and Control
— Smart lighting, advanced temperature
control, safety and security, movies and music.
• Home Awareness
— Water sensors, power sensors, smoke and
fire detectors

30. More Application Sectors
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ZigBee
LOW DATA-RATE
RADIO DEVICES
HOME
AUTOMATION
CONSUMER
ELECTRONICS
TV
VCR
DVD/CD
remote
security
HVAC
lighting
closures
PC &
PERIPHERALS
TOYS &
GAMES
consoles
portables
educational
PERSONAL
HEALTH CARE
INDUSTRIAL&
COMMERCIAL
monitors
sensors
automation
control

31. CONCLUSION
•Considering the advantages of Zig-Bee, we can say
this is the best short range communication
technology than Bluetooth and Wi-Fi for low data
rate applications
•Lower power consumption (30mA) will help to
design & deploy the IoT System for longer time
without much maintenance
•Lower cost (300 INR)
•These advantages serves all purposes of IoT
applications that mainly uses sensor networks(low
data rate)
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32. References
[1] Bhumika and Archana Singh Parmar “Performance Evaluation of
Zig-Bee 802.15.4 WPAN in Logical Subnet in OPnet Modeler”
[2] Arun Katara , Anand Dandale “Zig-Bee Based Intelligent Helmet For
Coal Miners” on 2015 Fifth International Conference on
Communication Systems and Network Technologies.
[3] JunWang, Min Chen, Victor C.M. Leung, “Forming priority based
and energy balanced Zig-Bee networks—a pricing approach ,”
Telecommunication Syst, DOI 10.1007/s11235-011-9640-z.
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33. THANK YOU
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