anatomy of urinary system

1. URINARY SYSTEM
BY
SONI KUMARI SHAH

2. Functions Of Urinary System
 Eliminates metabolic waste products from body
 Regulates blood volume and hence blood pressure
 Electrolytes and metabolites balance
 Maintains acid-base balance

3. Organs Of Urinary System
 Kidney
 Ureter
 Urinary bladder
 Urethra

4. Kidney
Reddish Brown, Bean Shaped Retroperitoneal Organ
Weight: 150gm
Location: Posterior Abdominal Wall, T12 To L3
Right Kidney Is Slightly Lower Than Left.
Two Borders: Lateral And Medial
Two Surfaces: Anterior And Posterior
Two Poles: Upper And Lower
Covering: Fibrous Capsule(Renal Capsule)
Blood Supply: Renal Artery & Renal Vein

5. Kidney: Internal Structure
 Renal capsule
 Renal cortex
 Renal medulla
 Renal column
 Renal pyramids
 Renal papilla
 Renal pelvis

6. Nephron
Structural and functional unit of kidney
Two Parts:
Renal Corpuscle-
Bowman’s Capsule
Glomerulus
Renal Tubule-
Proximal Convoluted Tubule(PCT)
Loop Of Henle (LH)
Distal Convoluted Tubule(DCT)
Collecting Duct

7. Functions Of Different Parts Of Nephron
Renal Corpuscle: Generates Glomerular Filtrate Composed Of Water, Ions And Small Molecule
Bowman’s Capsule: Filtration Of Blood Forming First Step Of Urine Formation
Renal Tubule
PCT: About 70% Of Glomerular Filtrate Is Reabsorbed In PCT
Reabsorbs Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Water, Glucose,AminoAcids, Bicarbonate, CalciumAnd Phosphate
Secretes Ammonium And Creatinine
LH: Descending Limb - Passive Transport Of Water
Ascending Limb - Reabsorbs Sodium And Chloride
Secretes Urea
DCT: Reabsorbs Sodium And Chloride
Collecting Duct: Reabsorbs Sodium, Chloride And Water
Secrets Ammonium, Hydrogen Ions And Potassium

8. Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Specialized structure between glomerulus and renal arteries
Components:
Juxtaglomerular Cells
Extra Glomerular Mesangial Cells
Macula Densa

9. Renal Circulation

10. Functions Of Kidney
 Regulation of blood volume
 Production of blood- by secreting erythropoietin
 Blood pressure regulation
 Blood pH regulation
 Regulation of osmotic pressure of blood
 Regulation of Ion composition of blood
 Vitamin D synthesis
 Excretion of unnecessary substances

11. Ureter
 Muscular tube from kidney to urinary bladder
 25cm long
Three constriction:
at pelviureteric junction
at pelvic brim
where it enters urinary bladder

12. Functions Of Ureter
Propel urine from kidney to the urinary bladder by
peristaltic contraction
Ureter is a Common site of renal colic

13. Kidneys are abdominal organ lying
I. On the posterior abdominal wall
II. On each side of vertebral column
III. Behind the peritoneum
IV. All of the above
All are major functions of kidney except
I. Regulation of water content of body
II. Elimination of waste products from the body
III. Destruction of toxic substance in the body
IV. Regulation of body acidity alkalinity
The function of kidney are
I. WBCs production
II. Water and electrolyte balance
III. Metabolism of protein
IV. All of the above

14. Urinary Bladder
Pear shaped hollow muscular organ
Location: pelvic cavity
Capacity: 500-600ml
Interior of urinary bladder is folded into rugae when empty.
It has 3 orifices.
Trigone of bladder

15. Gross Structure Of Urinary Bladder
Apex
Neck
3 surfaces:
2 inferolateral surfaces(right & left)
superior surface
Base or Fundus

16. Microscopic Structure
Four layers:
 Serosa
 Muscular layer
 Submucosa
 Mucosa

17. Functions Of Urinary Bladder:
Collects and temporarily stores the urine
Helps in expulsion of urine by contraction of detrusor muscle.

18. Urethra
Canal extending from neck of bladder to exterior
Length differs in male and female
Male: 18-20 cm
Female: 4cm
Parts of male urethra:
I. Penile urethra
II. Bulbar urethra
III. Membranous urethra
IV. Prostatic urethra

19. Functions Of Urethra:
Passage way for passing urine to exterior
Male urethra also passes reproductive fluid.