PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BER

1. BER

2. SN: Zizhyphus mauritiana (Indian ber)
Zizyphus jujube (Chinese jujube)
Family: Rhamnaceae
Origin: Central Asia
KING OF ARID FRUITS

3. Uses:
 5.4-8.0% sugar and 85-95 mg of Ascorbic acid (Vit. C) per 100g
 Host plant for rearing lac insect (Tachardia lacca)
 Powder of root cures ulcer, fever and wounds.
 Stem bark powder is a remedy for diarrhea.

4.  Indian ber - tropical and subtropical regions
 Chinese ber -deciduous tree found in temperate region

5. Soil and Climate: arid and semi-
arid situation.
Tolerates salinity and alkalinity
Can tolerate a high temperature of
even 40oC

6. Propagation:
‘T’ budding or inverted ‘T’ budding
Rootstocks
Z. jujuba
Z. xylocarpa
Z. rotundifolia

7. Planting season- July - August
Spacing: 7 x 7 m
8 x 3 m for Kaithali and
8 x 4 m for Banarasi

8. Manures and fertilizers (kg / plant / year)
Age FYM
(kg/tree)
N P K
1 Yr after planting 10 125 40 75
2 Yr after planting 15 250 80 150
3 Yr after planting 20 250 120 225
4 Yr after planting
And then onwards
25 500 160 300

9. Training and Pruning:
Remove the root stock sprouts
Strong framework
To maintain vigour
To improve fruit size and quality.
Season: February - March

10. Flowering
•Flower buds born mostly on current
growth.
•starts from 1st week of September
to Mid of November
•Cross pollinated crop.

11. Varieties:
Kaithali, Elaichi, Umran, Gola, Seb (Pollinizer), Sanuar No2, Chhuhara, Sanuar
No1 and Banarasi.
Umran Gola

12. Classification according to ripening period :
•Early ripening (February) : Gola, Seb, Safeda, (GSS)
•Mid season (First- Third week of March.) : Kaithali, Reshmi (RK)
•Late ripening (Fourth week of March-mid April.) : Umran, Kantha, Elaichi (UKE)

13. Harvesting stage: turning of colour to
yellow or golden yellow
Yield: 100 - 120 kg of fruits / tree / year
Season: Oct-Nov
Storage: 30C and 85-90% for 30 to 40
days

14. Pests:
Fruit fly: (Carpomyia vesuviana)
larvae (maggots) feed inside the fruit pulp
make small holes in the rind and come out of the fruit when fully grown
Fruits become misshapen and their growth is retarded

15. Management:
a. Destroy affected fruits
b. Spray monocrotophos(0.04%) or Rogar 30EC(0.06%).
c. Spray with a mixture of 100 ml Malthion 50EC and one kg jaggery or sugar in 100
lit of water twice starting from September to October at 7-10 days interval (3 sprays).
d. Soil solarization during April-May
e. Apply 10% BHC to destroy pupae
e. Tolerant varieties like Umran, Sanaur

16. 2.Bark eating caterpillar: (Inderbela quadrinotata)
caterpillar makes holes in the trunk while feeding
Affected trees become stunted and yield potential is reduced.
Management: Remove frassy galleries and paint the bark with 0.05% monocrotophos
40EC.
3. Hairy caterpillar: (Euproctis freterna)
caterpillar feed on leaves and cause damage.
Management: a. Dust 10% BHC. b. Spray carbaryl at 0.15% a.i.

17. Bark eating caterpillar

18. 4. Ber beetle or leaf chafer: (Adorentus pallers)
Beetles feed on leaves mainly during night.
The leaves become just like a sieve.
Management:
a. Spray with one kg carbaryl in 300 litres of water.
b. b. Use light traps.

19. Diseases
Black leaf spot:
Spray Carbendazim 1 g / lit or Propiconazole twice at 15 days interval from the initial
appearance of the symptom.
Powdery mildew:
Spray Dinocap 1 ml / litre