Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus

1. BANASTHALI INSTITUTE OF DESIGN
SUBMITTED BY

2. CHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS

4. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) is popular railway station and
is a spitting image of Victorian-Gothic style of architecture in India. Located in the
heart of Mumbai, the CST is also a 'World Heritage Site' declared by UNESCO in
2004. Its remarkable stone dome, turrets, pointed arches and eccentric ground plan
are close to traditional Indian palace architecture. It is an outstanding example of
the meeting of two cultures, as British architects worked with Indian craftsmen to
include Indian architectural tradition
• City: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Designed by: Federick William Stevens
• Engineer: Wilson Bell
• Construction started: May 1878
• Completed: May 1888
• Cost: 1,614,000
• Materials used: Sandstone, limestone, and Italian marble.

5. • Architectural style: Victorian Italianate Gothic revival style and traditional Indian architecture
• Indian architecture: The skyline, turrets, pointed arches and eccentric ground plan recall the
traditional architecture carved in historical monuments.
• Masterpiece sculpted by the students of ‘Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art’: Wood
carving, tiles, ornamental iron and brass railings, grills for ticket counters and offices,
banisters for the grand staircases and other embellishing works in the terminus building
epitomize the efficient effort of the students belonging to the foretold school of art exposing
the artifacts of 19th century..
• Dome: Its dome is structured as dove-tailed ribs without centering that categorizes it as a
novel achievement of the era.
• Interior of the building: The interior premise of the monument has a series of large rooms with
high ceilings built in C-shape symmetrical on an east-west axis.
• Central dome: The central point of the building is crowned by a high central dome that is
regarded as the focal point. It is octagonal shaped figure carved with a colossal female figure
clutching a torch in right hand pointing to upwards and spoke wheel symbolizing progress.
• Side wings: Enclosing to the courtyard, its side wings opens to the street. Anchored by turrets
at four corners, the wings balance and frame the central dome.
• Statues outside: The idols or sculpture representing commerce, Agriculture, Engineering and
Science illustrating progress are outstanding.

6. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STONE
USED
LIMESTONE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Hardness 3 to 4 on Moh's Scale
Density 2.5 to 2.65 Kg/m3
Compressive Strength 1800 to 2100 Kg/cm2
Water Absorption Less than 1%
Porosity Quite low
Weather Impact Resistant
Color Red,Green,Yellow,Gray,&
White
LIMESTONE CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
Lime (CaO) 38-42%
Silica (SiO2) 20-25%
Alumina (Al2O3) 2-4%
Other Oxides like Na, Mg 1.5 to 2.5%
Loss On Ignition (LOI) 30-32%

7. Limestone
SANDSTONE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Color Minor color tonal
variations exist but within
the tolerance limit
Hardness 6 to 7 on Moh's Scale
Density 2.32 to 2.42 Kg/m3
Compressive Strength 365 to 460 Kg/m2
Water Absorption Not more BORDERthan 1.0
%
Modulus of Rupture 197-200 Kg/cm2
Porosity Low to very low.
Weather Impact Resistant
SANDSTONE CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
SiO2 93-94%
Iron (Fe2O3) 1.5%-1.6%
Alumina (Al2O3) 1.4 to 1.5%
Soda (Na2O) & Potash
(Kro)
1.0% to 1.2%
Lime (CaO) 0.8% to 0.9%
Magnesia (MgO) 0.2 to 0.25%
Loss On Ignition (LOI) 1.0% to 1.2%

8. Italian Marble
ITALIAN MARBLE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Hardness 3 to 4 on Moh's Scale
Density 2.5 to 2.65 Kg/m3
Compressive Strength 1800 to 2100 Kg/cm2
Water Absorption Less than 1%
Porosity Quite low
Weather Impact Resistant
ITALIAN MARBLE
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Lime (CaO) 38-42%
Silica (SiO2) 20-25%
Alumina (Al2O3) 2-4%
Other Oxides like Na,
Mg
1.5 to 2.5%
Loss On Ignition (LOI) 30-32%