Organic LEDs (OLEDs) are thin, light-emitting devices made by placing thin layers of organic semiconductors between an anode and cathode. They were discovered in the 1970s and first used in displays in 1987. Since then, companies have developed larger OLED displays, with Sony creating the world's largest full-color OLED in 2001. OLEDs work by holes and electrons recombining in an emissive layer, causing excitons that emit light. They have advantages over LCDs like being flexible, having higher contrast ratios and faster response times, and not requiring backlights. Potential future applications include wearable displays, low-power electronics, and transparent lighting.

1. ORGANIC
LED

2. A BRIEF INFO OF ORGANIC LED
•What Is Organic LED?
• A device that is 100 to 500 nanometers thick or about 200
times smaller than a human hair.
• Organic semiconductors were discovered in the mid-1970s by
Alan Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa, who
shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2000 for their work.

3. HISTORY
• In 1987 Chin Tang and Van Slyke introduced the first light
emitting diodes from thin organic layers.
• In 2001 Sony developed world’s largest full color OLED.
• In 2002, Approximately 3.5 Million Passive Matrix OLED Sub –
displays Were sold, And Over 10 Million Were Sold In 2003.
• In 2010 and 2011, Many Companies announced AMOLED
displays.

4. THE BANDS ON STAGE
E E E
Gap
No
Gap
Small
Gap
Insulator Conductor Semiconductor

5. DOPING – ADD IMPURITIES
N-type P-type

6. THE BANDS ON STAGE
E E E EE
Gap
No
Gap
Small
Gap
Insulator Conductor Semiconductor Doped Semiconductors
N-type P-type

7. DIODE: P-TYPE MEETS N-TYPE
E
E
P N

8. DIODE: P-TYPE MEETS N-TYPE
E
E

9. DIODE: P-TYPE MEETS N-TYPE
E
E
P NDEPLETION
REGION
- +

10. DIODE: P-TYPE MEETS N-TYPE
Electron flows
Try to make current flow to right?
Current Flows!
Electrons in higher band meet Holes in lower band
Current
+ -
P N

11. THE BASICS OF OLED
Anode Cathode
Conductive Layer Emissive Layer
SEAL
SUBSTRATE
TOP BOTTOM

12. WORKING PRINCIPAL OF OLED
Anode Cathode
• The holes move more efficiently in organics
Conductive Layer Emissive Layer

13. WORKING PRINCIPAL
OF OLED
Anode Cathode
Conductive Layer Emissive Layer
• The holes move more efficiently in organics
• Excitons begin to form in emissive layer
P N
-+

14. TYPES OF ORGANIC LED
FLEXIBLE WHITE

19. ADVANTAGES

20. DISADVANTAGES

21. APPLICATIONS
• Television
• Computer Screen
• Cellphone Screen
• Bending Lights
• Portable Device Display
• Digital Wallpaper
• Digital Camera

22. FUTURE OF ORGANIC LED
• Will capture emerging market of wearable displays
(Nokia 888) (Wearable OLEDs)
• Will capture the low-power electronics market (cell
phones and PDAs)
• Roll able Display
• Keyboard
• Transparent lighting doubles as a window.

23. OLED VS LCD
Greater Limited
High Low
Faster Response Slow
Don’t Require Required
(500C-800C) (00c-1000C)
vs