This document discusses different types of spindles used in lathes, including vertical, horizontal, single, multiple, bar type, chuck type, screw type, and Swiss type spindles. It also discusses how computer numerical control (CNC) lathes are replacing older production lathes due to their ease of use, repeatability, and accuracy. CNC lathes are controlled electronically using a computer interface and can be programmed using CAD/CAM software.

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2. Classification of SPINDLES
 Vertical spindle
 Horizontal spindle
 Single spindle
 Multiple Spindles
 Bar type
 Chuck Type
 Screw type
 Swiss type

3. Vertical Spindle
Horizontal spindle

4. Single spindle Multiple Spindle

5. Bar Type Spindle
Chuck Type Spindle

6. Screw type spindle Swiss Type spindle - A modified
automated turret lathe
distinguished by a sliding
headstock and fixed bushing.
Swiss-type machines are
capable of creating very small
parts with excellent
tolerances.

7.  Computer numerical controlled (CNC) lathes are
rapidly replacing the older production lathes
(multispindle, etc.) due to their
1. ease of setting,
2. operation,
3. repeatability and
4. accuracy.
 They are designed to use modern carbide tooling
and fully use modern processes.

8. Basic working
 The part may be designed and the tool paths
programmed by the CAD/CAM process or
manually by the programmer, and the resulting
file uploaded to the machine, and once set and
trialled the machine will continue to turn out parts
under the occasional supervision of an operator.
 The machine is controlled electronically via a
computer menu style interface, the program may
be modified and displayed at the machine, along
with a simulated view of the process

9.  The design of a CNC lathe varies with different
manufacturers, but they all have some common
elements.
 The turret holds the tool holders and indexes them
as needed, the spindle holds the workpiece and
there are slides that let the turret move in multiple
axis simultaneously.
 The machines are often totally enclosed,

10.  Numerical control (NC) is the automation of machine
tools that are operated by precisely programmed
commands encoded on a storage medium, as opposed
to controlled manually via hand wheels or levers, or
mechanically automated via cams alone. Most NC today
is computer numerical control(CNC), in
which computers play an integral part of the control.
 In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component design is
highly automated using computer-aided design (CAD)
and computer-aided manufacturing(CAM) programs. The
programs produce a computer file that is interpreted to
extract the commands needed to operate a particular
machine via a post processor, and then loaded into the
CNC machines for production. Since any particular
component might require the use of a number of different
tools – drills, saws, etc., modern machines often combine
multiple tools into a single "cell“

11.  Once we are ready with the geometrical design we
then move on to generate the tool path.
 Steps to be followed:
 Define cutter path by selecting geometry
 Contours
 Pockets
 Hole patterns
 Surfaces
 Volume to be removed
(At this point the system knows what you want
to cut)

12.  Define cut parameters
 Tool information
 Type, Rpm, Feed
 Cut method
 Example - Pocket mill zig-zag, spiral, inside-out
 Rough and finish parameters
(At this point the system knows how you want to
cut the part)
 Execute cutter simulation
 Visual representation of cutter motion
 Modify / delete cutter sequences

13. Problem 1

14. Part Boundary Program
 %
 N010 G90
 N020 G70
 N030 G00 X1.000
 N040 G01 Y3.625
 N050 X7.000
 N060 Y0.000
 N080 X0.000

15. The Hole Locations
Program
 N090 X2.000 Y0.875
 N100 X4.000
 N110 X6.000
 N120 Y2.750
 N130 X4.000
 N140 X2.000
 N150 X0.000 Y 0.000
 N160 M30
 %

16. Drilling Holes
 N010 G90
 N020 G70
 N030 G81 X2.000 Y0.875 R0.100 Z-1.000 F5 M03
 N040 X4.000
 N050 X6.000
 N060 Y2.750
 N070 X4.000
 N080 X2.000
 N090 G80
 N100 X0.000 Y0.000 M06
 N110 M30
 M00

17. Problem 2

18. Angular Program
 N010 G91
 N020 G70
 N030 G00 X1.500 Y0.250 R0.100 Z-0.225 F10 M03
 N040 G01 X2.000 Y1.155 M06
 N050 G00 X-3.500 Y-1.405 M30

19. Problem 3

20. Arc Program
 N010 G91
 N020 G70
 N030 G00 X2.500 Y0.500 R0.100 M03
 N040 Z-.350 F2.0
 N050 G02 X-1.000 Y1.000 I0.000 J1.000 F10.0
 N060 G00 R0.100
 N070 X1.000 Y1.125
 N080 G01 Z-.350 F2.0
 N090 G02 X1.125 Y-1.125 I0.0 J-1.125 F10
 N100 G00 R.100
 N110 X-3.625 Y-1.500 M06
 N120 M30

21. Problem 3

22. Circle Program
 N010 G91
 N020 G70
 N030 G00 X1.000 R0.100 M03
 N040 G01 Z-0.350 F2.0
 N050 G02 X2.000 Y2.000 I2.000 F10.0
 N060 X2.000 Y-2.000 J-2.000
 N070 X-2.000 Y-2.000 I-2.000
 N080 X-2.000 Y2.000 J2.000
 N090 G00 R0.100
 N100 X-1.000 M06
 N110 M30