i include explanation about algalization technology and fertilizers production by using BGA.

1. ALGALIZATION TECHNOLOGY
AND
N2 FIXATION IN SYMBIOSIS
INVOLVING BGA
Sivasangari shanmugam

2. ALGALIZATION TECHNOLOGY
 It were Japanese workers (Watanabe and coworkers) who
developed techniques for mass cultivation of blue-green algae to be
used as biofertilizer in paddy fields.
 Term alkalization was coined by Venkatramanan (1961). He is
initiated alkalization technology in India.
 At present, algalization is being followed in Tamil Nadu and Uttar
Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Maharashtra and Haryana.
 Algalization is also being practiced in China, and Philippines.

3. ALGALIZATION TECHNOLOGY IN BGA
Using BGA have some objectives. They are,
 Develope low cost for mass cultivation.
 Fast growing.
 Better N2 fixing strain.
 Develope starter inoculum.
 Study he benefits on both economy & ecology.
 Demonstrate the farmer in the field.

4. ALKALIZATION TECHNOLOGY IN BGA
Mass cultivation
1. For outer cultivation, the regional specific strain is used.
2. Mixure of 5 (or) 6 regional acclaimaized srains of bioferilizers of
BGA.
3. Anabena,Nosoc, tolypothrix are used for starter inoculum.
4. Four methods are used mass cultivation.

5. MASS CULTIVATION IN BGA
Four methods are,
1. Cemented tank method.
2. Shallow metal troughs method.
3. Polythene lined pit method.
4. Field method.

6. MASS CULTIVATION OF BGA
 The polythene lined pit method is most suitable for small & marginal
farmers prepared algal biofertilizers.
 In this method a small pit are prepared in the field & lined with thick
polythene sheet.
 Mass cultivation of cyanobacteria is done by using an of the 4
methods under the following steps ;

7. MASS CULTIVATION OF BGA
Step 1:
1. Prepare one cemented tank,an open area.
2. Width of pit should be 1.5cm.
3. This will be facilitate the proper handling culture.

8. MASS CULTIVATION OF BGA
Step 2:
1. Transfer 2-3g soil in tank.
2. Add 100g of superphosphate.
3. Water the pit to about 10cm heights
4. .
5. Mix & adjust the pH-7.
6. Add 2ml of insecticides.( Ex; Malothion).
7. Mix well and allow shettle down.

9. MASS CULTIVATION OF BGA
Step 3:
1. When water become clear springle 100g of starter inoculum.
2. Spring on the surface of water.
Step 4:
1. Maintain temperature at 35-40 degree.
2. Maintain water level about 10cm in pit.

10. MASS CULTIVATION OF BGA
Step 5:
1. After drying the algal mat .
2. Algal mat separated from the soil.
3. During summer about 1kg pure algal mat per m2 area is produced.
4. These are collected.
5. Make powder.
6. Kept in sealed polythene bags.
7. Supplied to farmers.

11. MASS CULTIVATION OF BGA
Step 6:
1. The algal flakes can be used as inoculum.
2. If the same process is repeated.

12. N2 FIXATION IN SYMBIOSIS INVOLVING
BGA
Nitrogen :
 Nitrogen is one of he elements essentials for plants growth.
 Also least abundant in soil.
 Mostly present in atmosphere.
 78% of nitrogen is present in earth.

13. N2 FIXATION IN SYMBIOSIS INVOLVING
BGA
Nitrogen fixation
Biological
Symbiotic
Non
symbiotic
Non-
Biological

14. N2 FIXATION IN SYMBIOSIS INVOLVING
BGA
Nitrogen fixation :
 It is a process which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonia
and other molecules.
 Nitrogen is used to promote the growth of plants.

15. N2 FIXATION IN SYMBIOSIS INVOLVING
BGA

16. N2 FIXATION IN SYMBIOSIS INVOLVING
BGA
Blue green algae (BGA)

17. N2 FIXATION IN SYMBIOSIS INVOLVING
BGA
 Anabaena its a one of the cyanobacteria.
 It has a heterocyst.
 Cyanophycin granules occurs in main cyanobacteria.
 Cyanophycin may serve as a “Storage Product”.
 BGA that posses the ability for symbiotic associations with
fungi,mosses,liver worts,etc.
 BGA is a major components of the nitrogen fixing biomass in paddy
field.
 BGA have a unique potential to enhance productivity of paddy.

18. N2 FIXATION IN SYMBIOSIS INVOLVING
BGA
 BGA play a important role in maintain and build upof soil fertility.
 Act as natural biofertilizer in paddy field.
 Photosynthetic nitrogen fixers.
 Free living.
 Preventing weeds growth.
 Increase soil biomass.
 Increase water holding capacity.

19. HETEROCYST
:
1. It is larger.
2. Oval in shape.
3. Nitrogen fixation
takes place.
4. Thick walled
heterocyst is
present in
Anabaena.

20. N2 FIXATION IN SYMBIOSIS INVOLVING
BGA
HETEROCYST :
 Have distinctive polar nodules, a each end of the cell.
 Polar nodule may be the same composition as cyanophycin granules
(Co-polymer of argine & aspartic acid).
 Heterocyst is nitrogen fixation takes place.
 Polar nodules are visible in some of the heterocyst.

21. REFERENCE
1. https://biocyclopedia.com/index/biotechnology/plant_biotechnology/biof
ertilizers/biotech_blue_green_algae.php
2. http://vjahnavi57.blogspot.com/2010/11/bio-fertilizers.html
3. https://www.ias.ac.in/public/Volumes/reso/009/06/0006-0010.pdf
4. https://www.quora.com/What-are-biofertilizers-What-are-the-
advantages
5. https://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/PINSA/Vol59B_19
93_3and4_Art14.pdf

22. THANK YOU...