Disaster Management by Sikander Zulkarnain-State Trainer

1. Overview about Disaster
India is a highly sensitive country with its
geo-climatic,social-economic characteristics,
natural, human-born disasters. The country's
28 states, 9 union territories, are susceptible
to 27 different types of disasters. The
country's population is sensitive to the
earthquake of 58-60 percent of low or high
levels of earthquake. 4 million hectares of
land (12 percent of land) is affected by
floods.

2. Overview about Disaster cont-
• The total length of 7800 km long sea
border and 5700 km disaster prone, which
is very sensitive to the sight of storm and
tsunami, 68 percent of the cultivable land
is affected by drought and the country's
mountainous earthquake and snowfall
Very sensitive to the sight. India is one of
the ten most disaster affected countries in
the world.

3. Uttar Pradesh Overview about Disaster --
• The total geographical area of Uttar Pradesh is
240.93 lakh hectares. Recurring natural disasters in
the State over the years have been causing severe
damage and adversely affecting human, plant and
animal life, property and environment. Natural
disasters that are of significance in Uttar Pradesh
are –24 districts such as Gorokhpur, Deoria, Basti,
SantKabiranagar,,, Mau, Maharajgunj, Shravasti,
Kushinagar, Azamgadh, Balrampur and Bahraich
(East Uttar Pradesh) Mathura, Aagra, Bulandshahr
, Badaun (Western Uttar Pradesh) and Lucknow,
Sitapur, Hardoi, Barabanki, and Rae Bareli (Central
Uttar Pradesh) are affected by the flood..

4. Uttar Pradesh Overview about Disaster Cont-
• Drought is another major disaster affecting the State
of Uttar Pradesh. The State produces about 21
percent of all food grains of the country, and hence
is agriculturally an important State. The total sown
area is 25.30 million ha out of which, 17.69 million
ha. is irrigated area.(66% is irrigated). Of the
irrigated area, canals contribute about 25%, tube
wells about 67% and ponds, lakes etc. the
remaining. Thus one third of the irrigated area and
the entire extent of rain fed area in the State is
dependant on monsoon rains. Mahoba, Lalitpur,
Jhansi(Bundelkhand),Sonbhadra,Mirzapur,EasternU
ttar Pradesh etc are the areas where the effect of
drought is found.

5. Classification of Disaster

6. Man-made Disaster

7. Natural Disaster

8. Definition of Flood and its Meaning
• India is highly vulnerable to floods. Out of the total
geographical area of 329 million hectares (mha), more than
40 mha is flood prone. Floods are a recurrent phenomenon,
which cause huge loss of lives and damage to livelihood
systems, property, infrastructure and public utilities. It is a
cause for concern that flood related damages show an
increasing trend. The average annual flood damage in the
last 20 years period from 1996 to 2005 was Rs. 10745
crore as compared to Rs. 1805 crore, the corresponding
average for the previous 53 years. This can be attributed to
many reasons including a steep increase in population,
rapid urbanization growing developmental and economic
activities in flood plains coupled with global warming.

9. Top flood listed
• Uttarakhand Floods 2013
• Himalayan Flash Floods 2012
• Brahmaputra Floods 2012
• 2010 Ladakh Floods
• 2004--2008 Bihar Flood
• 2005 Gujarat Flood
• 2005 Maharashtra Floods
• 2005 Chennai Floods
• 2014 Jammu & Kashmir Flood

10. 2014 Jammu & Kashmir Flood

12. 64 Killed in Uttar Pradesh due
to flood

13. Uttarakhand Floods 2013

14. Flood Prone Areas In India

18. Types of Floods Reason of Flood
Flood of the river- The flow of river water flows
in rivers when it exceeds its status. The
extra water spreads around the river
embankments.
Coastal floods - The air generated from the
cyclone flows the sea water toward the
coastal area.
Urban floods - Urban floods are a serious
problem for developing and developing
countries.
The problem of unplanned "disturbance of the
water tax evacuation, increase in the water
accumulation, is the challenge.
Suddenly Flood - Flash Flood / Accidental
Flood, One type of flood that can come
within six hours of heavy rainfall, Cloud
eruptions, cyclones, ruptures of
embankments etc can be caused due to
such floods.
• Obstruction of water flow
from ground water
• water logging
• Unplanned dam
construction
• Cyclone effect
• Sand / soil deposits in the
surface of the river
• Hailstorm

19. Health challenges from floods -
• Drainage, problem of
stable water
• Unavailability of clean
drinking water
• Unsafe hygienic / open
defecation
• Garbage and debris
gathering
• Shelter problem
• Environmental problems
• Pregnant women health
.
Water born diseases
Malaria, Dengue,
Diarrhoea,
Vomiting,
infectious
Hepatitis, Typhoid,
Cholera, Snakes
bites, Skin
diseases etc.

20. Flood Reduction Policy
• Make existing drainage channels, keep
them.
• Implementation of flood protection
schemes for all the river basins in reply.
• Embankment in lower areas
• Include a Disaster Management Plan as
part of the Master Plan.
• Database building
• Providing an alternative drainage path.
• Emergency Response Center
• Emergency planning space and "
• Warehouse reservoir.
• Routine of solid wastes in drainage system
• Providing a high platform from the flood
level for flood shelter for the "old men and
women" families.
• Through planning and
regulation, make local
governments shelter for climate
change and adaptation disaster.
• Build shelter for disaster
management
• Develop appropriate risk
assessments.
• Retrofitting and strengthening
Lifeline Infrastructure.
• to rehabilitate.
• Improve the lack of water,
sanitation and housing in the
desired world.
• Electricity, other important
areas. Restoring the facilities
such as telecommunication,
drinking water pump, water
storage etc. in the areas.

21. Relief measures
• Food and drink.
• Water
• Healthcare
• Utensil
• Shelter relief "food
hygiene
• Community based
flood forecast and
warning system to be
Explain by
participants

22. Disaster Gradation
• L-1 :- A District Level disaster
• L-2 :- A State Level disaster
• L-3 :- A National Level disaster
• L-0 :- A “no-disaster” situation

23. Major Disaster in India

24. SOME SIGNIFICANT EARTHQUAKES IN
INDIA SINCE 1991
DATE LOCATION MAGNITUDE
1991 OCT 20 UTTARKASHI, UP 6.6
1993 SEP 30 LATUR, MAHARASHTRA 6.3
1997 MAY 22 JABALPUR,MP 6.0
1999 MAR 29 CHAMOLI, UP 6.8
2001 JAN 26 BHUJ ,GUJRAT 6.9
2004 DEC AND. & NICO. ISLANDS 9.1
2005 FEB J & K 6.7
2011 SEP SIKKIM 6.8

25. Frequency of Occurrence of Earthquakes
Descriptor Richter magnitudes Earthquake Effects Frequency of Occurrence
Micro Less than 2.0 Microearthquakes, not felt. About 8,000 per day
Very minor 2.0-2.9 Generally not felt, but recorded. About 1,000 per day
Minor 3.0-3.9 Often felt, but rarely causes damage. 49,000 per year (est.)
Light 4.0-4.9
Noticeable shaking of indoor items, rattling
noises. Significant damage unlikely.
6,200 per year (est.)
Moderate 5.0-5.9
Can cause major damage to poorly constructed
buildings over small regions. At most slight
damage to well-designed buildings.
800 per year
Strong 6.0-6.9
Can be destructive in areas up to about 100
miles across in populated areas.
120 per year
Major 7.0-7.9 Can cause serious damage over larger areas. 18 per year
Great 8.0-8.9
Can cause serious damage in areas several
hundred miles across.
1 per year
Rare great 9.0 or greater
Devastating in areas several thousand miles
across.
1 per 20 years

26. Top 10 Earthquake Prone countries:
TOP COUNTRIES TOP DISTRICT
• Japan Saharanpur
• Indonesia Muzaffarnagar
• India. Bagpat,
• Turkey Bijnor
• Pakistan Merut
• México. Gaziyabaad
• El Salvador G.B Nagar
• Philippines, Rampur
• Nepal, Bulandshahr
• Philippines Moradabad
] JP Nagar

27. Deadliest Earthquakes in World:
S.
No
Name Date Location
Death
Toll
Ma
gnit
ude
Comments
1 Shaanxi 23.1.1556
Shaanxi,
China
830,000 8.0
Estimated death toll in
Shaanxi, China.
2 Tangshan 28.7.1976
Tangshan,
China
242,419-
655,000
7.5
Estimated death toll as high
as 779,000.
4 Gansu 16.12.1920
Ningxia –
Gansu, China
235,502 7.8 Major fractures, landslides.
5 Aleppo 11.10.1138 Aleppo, Syria 230,000 8.5
Death toll disputed as first
mention of 230,000 dead
was in the 15th century.
6
Indian
Ocean
26.12.2004
Sumatra,
Indonesia
230,000 9.1
Deaths from earthquake and
resulting tsunami.
7 Haiti 12.1.2010 Haiti 222,570 7.0 Estimate June 2010
8
Great
Kantō
1.09. 1923
Kantō region,
Japan
142,000 7.9 Caused the Great Tokyo fire.
9 Ashgabat 6.10. 1948
Ashgabat,
Turkmenistan
110,000 7.3

28. Notified Disaster list by GOI and State
• Avalanche
• Cyclone
• Clouds burst,
• Earthquake / tsunami
floods,
• Flood hailstorms,
• Landslides,
• Insect attacks,
• Fog and cold wave
• Unexpected heavy Rain
• Lightening
• Thunderstorm
• Heat wave
• Boat capsized
• Snake biting
• Sever cleaning
• Gas leakage
• Boar well accident
• Man animal conflict

29. Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management
• Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC
• Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department
1. Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department
• Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment,
Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
• Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests
• Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour
• Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways
• Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation
• Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs
• Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy
• Mine Disasters : Department of Mines

30. Earthquake Film

31. Nepal earthquake

32. What is Disaster Management?
• Together towards a safer living

33. Why is Disaster Management
Important to
us

34. Why disaster mitigation ?
•Too costly after the disaster.
•Aid is never enough.
•Prevent damage through anticipation and
planning.
•Those who have personal stake take more
interest.
•Reduce the dependence on the
administration.

35. Disasters: What are they…?
• Origin from French word DESASTRE
–Meaning ‘bad star’
• Sudden or great misfortune…
calamity (Concise Oxford Dictionary)
• Sudden calamitous event producing
great material damage and distress
(Webster)

36. What is disaster ?
“An event, natural or man-made,
sudden or progressive that leads
to sudden disruption of normalcy
within the society, causing
damage to life & property to such
an extent that normal social &
economic mechanism available
are inadequate to restore
normalcy.”

37. Annual global economic loss due to disasters
USD 2.908 trillion till 2017
75.5 138.4
213.9
659.9
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
US $ billions

39. Hazard Vulnerability in India
57%
8%
12%
68%
3%

42. GUJRAT EARTHQUAKE

43. GUJRAT EARTHQUAKE
Many casualties occurred in stone masonry buildings

44. Uttar Pradesh has been the worst
hit with a high number of deaths
due to monsoon and floods.
At least 2 million people in
northern India have been left
homeless due to the floods in
Ganges & other rivers, swollen by
heavy monsoon rains, broke
embankments & submerged
villages, fields & religious sites.
Around 500,000 hectares of
agriculture land in top cane
growing state U.P. are flooded &
the heavy rains could affect
cotton output from Punjab &
Haryana.
Floods in Uttar Pradesh were
the worst in years & the Govt. is
still assessing the damage of
cane.
India 2010
Surat-India 2010

45. CAUSES OF FIRE :
•Deliberate
•Accidental
•Lack of awareness
•Natural disaster

46. Indian Oil depot fire 2009
Kenya fire
Bandra-India fire 2009

48. Managing Disasters: Aims
• Reduce (avoid, if possible) the
potential losses from hazards
• Assure prompt and appropriate
assistance to victims when
necessary
• Achieve rapid and durable
recovery

49. Disaster Management
Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Preparedness
Mitigation
Disaster

50. HPC - Committee
HPC was constituted in August 1999
under Chairmanship of Shri J.C. Pant,
then Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture,
GoI.
Members were drawn from Ministries,
States, NGOs, and experts from relevant
fields.

51. HPC - Mandate
• To evolve a systematic, comprehensive
and holistic approach towards all
disasters.
• Original mandate was to confined to
preparation of management plans for
natural disasters only.
• Later it was expanded to include man-
made disasters as well.

52. New Culture of D M
• Culture of Preparedness
• Culture of Quick Response
• Culture of Strategic Thinking
• Culture of Prevention

53. CHEMICAL DISASTERS
Caused intentional or accidental by :
Industrial accidents
Irresponsible handling of hazardous
chemicals
Deliberate use for destruction
Climate control against nature
Leading to contamination of food, air or
water

54. BIOLOGICAL DISASTERS
• Biological attack is the release of the
germs or other biological substance -
accidentally or deliberate.
• Some biological agents can cause
contagious diseases.
• A biological attack may or may not be
immediately obvious.
• Biological weapons are “poor man’s
nuclear bomb”

55. BIOLOGICAL DISASTERS
Release of Anthrax in US –Oct, 2001
100gms of Sars virus can kill about 30 lakh people

56.  Report any suspicious activity
 Avoid consuming food / water from unknown and
contaminated sources
 Seek medical attention, in the event of biological or
chemical exposure in case of the following
symptoms like breathlessness, watering of nose,
cough, eye irritation, vision problems, redness of
skin, blisters, loss of consciousness, seizures.
 Air contamination is most effective in an enclosed
space. Evacuate the enclosed space.
 Follow the instructions, if any, broadcast by the
authorities through radio or TV
Precaution

57. NUCLEAR AND CONVENTIONAL EXPLOSION
 May be caused intentionally or accidentally
 Report any suspicious activity, objects out of place, e.g.
brief cases, toys, unattended on a street, or park, etc.
 Try to get as far away as possible from the incident
(If Possible)
 In case of a nuclear event, take shelter in places like a
basement of a building, etc.
 Seek help for evacuation.
TYPES OF BOMBS – WEAPONS OF MASS DISTRUCTION :
• Conventional largest bomb,
• Nuclear Bomb/Hydrogen Bomb,

58. NUCLEAR EXPLOSION
Nuclear bomb attack on

59. NUCLEAR EXPLOSION
Nuclear bomb testing is increasing in the world
Nuclear bomb testing can cause earthquake or Tsunami
Existing Nuclear bombs can destroy the earth 3 times (A Small
mistake can trigger the chain of nuclear explosions leaving
NO SAFE PLACE ON EARTH
EVERY NATION SHOULD JOIN HANDS FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT IN
TRUE SPIRIT TO SAVE MANKIND, ELSE THE HUMAN RACE CAN BE EXTINCT,
NOT BY AN INVASION FROM SPACE BUT FROM BY OURSELF.

62. TERRORISM
World Trade Center in USA
Destroyed by Terrorist Attack on
Sep 11, 2001
Melting building Falling Apart

63. MUMBAI TERRORIST ATTACK

64.  The Naxal name comes from the village Naxalbari of West Bengal, India
where the movement originated.
 As of 2009, Naxalites were active across approximately 220 districts
accounting for about 40 percent of India's geographical area (Major effected
States are: Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand,
Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal)
 On April 6, in the Mukrana forests of Chhattisgarh’s Dantewada district, 72
CRPF personnel were killed in a attack by the Naxalites.
 Recent Baster attack leaving 30 persons dead.
Naxalism

65. • Major internal security concerns in
India centre around cross border
terrorism.
• Several terrorists groups are
engaged in subversive activities
particularly in Jammu & Kashmir
and North East.
TERRORISM

66. Riots / Law &
Order
J & K Riots 2010
Protest in China
• Worst than a war.
• Tremendous loss of national wealth.
• Loss of own people.
• Mostly spread due to deliberate or
accidental rumors causing mass
panic/anger/agony .
• Can happen at places of mass gathering

67. Some Recent Major Stampedes
• 10 Feb, 2013: 36 devotees died in stampede at Alld.
• 4 March 2010: Around 60 people died in a stampede
after the gate of a Hindu temple collapsed in the U.P..
• 14 Jan 2010: 7 die in India temple festival stampede
• Sep 30, 2008: Around 100 dead at Chamunda Devi
temple in Jodhpur.
• August 3: 140 dead. 40 children. Stampede at the
Nainadevi temple, Himachal Pradesh.
• July: 6 dead. Stampede at Jagannath temple, Orissa.
• March.: 10 dead. Stampede at temple, Madhya
Pradesh.
• January: 5 dead. Stampede at Durga Malleswara
temple, Andra Pradesh.
• In Saudi Arabian city of Mecca at least 244 Muslim
pilgrims dead, during an annual religious gathering.
Riots / Law &
Order

68. Disaster Management involves --
Preparedness Phase : Forecasting & Early
Warning Systems
During Disaster : Mechanism for
Evacuation, Relief &
Rescue
Post Disaster : Impact Assessment,
Rehabilitation &
Reconstruction
Mitigation phase : Hazard, Vulnerability
& Risk Assessment

69. From Reaction to Pre-action…
a paradigm shift…

70. What is Community Based
Disaster Management?
The objective is to:
• Involve all stakeholders and increase
community participation - Public Private
Partnership
• Ensure institutionalization of the plan by
making the activities people centric rather
than person centric.

71. Efforts for Disaster Mitigation
• Disaster Risk and Response Plans at :-
• Village, Block, Tehsil, City & District.
• Industrial and Factory Plans
• School Plans
• EOC
• Techno-legal regime – Rules and Training

72. How to make a plan ?
• Past history of disaster (last 30 years)
• Demographic, Social & Economic Profile
Mapping
• Resources Availability: Resource Mapping
• Vulnerability Analysis / Risk Mapping
• Opportunities Available
• Gap identification and prioritisation

73. Disaster Preparedness
• Hazard, Risk & Vulnerability Assessment
• Response Mechanisms
• Preparedness Plans
• Coordination
• Information Management
• Training & Rehearsals

74. EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION (ESF)
The Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) are
variously identified response teams, which is
activated with the occurrence of any disaster.
 The number of such teams varies according to
the distribution of specific work.
Each ESF has a defined area to deal at the time of
disaster.
14 such ESFs are defined in the HPC Report.

75. STANDARD OPERATING
PROCEDURE (SOP)
Standard Operating Procedure is a
predefined set of directives.
In other words
“A set of directives, covering those
features of operations that lend
themselves to a definite or standardized
procedure.”

76. ‘SOP’ IN TERMS OF DISASTER
In terms of Disaster Management
a Standard Operating Procedure
(SOP) is a set of written
instructions that is to be followed
by an organization to mitigate and
manage any disasters event.

77. The SOPs for the ESFs are as under :
1. ESF No. 1 - Communications
2. ESF No. 2 - Public, Health & Sanitation
3. ESF No. 3 - Power
4. ESF No. 4 - Transport
5. ESF No. 5 - Donation
6. ESF No. 6 - Search & Rescue
7. ESF No. 7 - Public Works & Engineering
8. ESF No. 8 - Food
9. ESF No. 9 - Information & Planning
10.ESF No. 10 - Relief Supplies
11.ESF No. 11 - Drinking Water
12.ESF No. 12 - Shelter
13.ESF No. 13 - Media
14.ESF No. 14 - Helplines

78. Special provisions under the Act
• National Institute of Disaster Management
• National Disaster Response Force
• National Disaster Response Fund
• National Disaster Mitigation Fund
• Incident Response System
• Offences & Penalties

79. FOLLOW to GENERAL GUIDELINES
Watch or listen to local radio/TV.
Prepare a family disaster plan.
Keep emergency numbers
Set up a common meeting place in the event of
emergency.
Know where the fire extinguisher is and know
how to use it.
Know where the main electrical, gas
(propane), and water shut-off are located.
These items should be shut-off in the event of
a disaster.

80. Strategy for Disaster Risk Management
 Paradigm shift from Relief and Recovery to Risk &
Vulnerability management
 Introducing culture of preparedness at all levels
 Strengthen decentralized response capacity in the
country
 Empowerment of vulnerable groups and ensuring
livelihoods
 Learning from past disasters

81. Disaster Management

82. Disaster = Hazard X Vulnerability

83. Structural
Mitigation
Land Use
Management
Mitigation

84. Preparedness

85. Challenges
• Necessary to change the attitude
• Training to be one in large numbers
• Capacity-building
• Development of in-house skills
• Standard guidelines
• Convergence of funds
• Professionalism

86. Thank all of you
Sikander Zulkarnain
State IEC Expert
Ministry of Jalshakti (Drinking water and Sanitation)
Swachh Bharat Mission (G)
Lucknow
Mobile :7985073250