Explore the networks

1. IT307 Exploring the
Networks
ICMP
Presented By:
Kunal_Jangra--A2305219630_5CSE-9Y
Shivam_Tripathi--A2305219629_5CSE-9Y

2. What is ICMP Really is?

3. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used to send control messages to
network devices and hosts. Routers and other network devices monitor the operation
of the network. When an error occurs, these devices can send a message using
ICMP.

4. ICMP
1. Error Handling
2. Request & Reply

6. Further Shivam
Tripathi is gonna
Represent

8. ICMP
MESSAGES
ERROR REPORTING – REPORTS PROBLEM
THAT ROUTER OR A HOST MAY ENCOUNTER
WHILE PROCESSING OF IP PACKET.
QUERY- HELP ROUTER OR A HOST TO GET
SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT ANOTHER
HOST

9. Error Reporting Messages
• Error Reporting messages.
Error Reporting
Destination
unreachable
Source
Quench
Time Exceeded
Parameter
Problems
Redirection

10. Destination
unreachable
• When a route to the destination is not found
,datagram is discarded and the Router or a
host send Destination Unreachable message
back to the source.

11. Source
quench
• The purpose of the source quench message is congestion
control.
• This message informs the source that a datagram has been
discarded due to congestion.
• ICMP will take IP address of discarded packet and then add
the source quench message to the IP datagram to inform
the source host to reduce its transmission rate.

12. Time
exceeded
• Time exceeded is also known as ‘Time -To -Live’.
• This is the parameter that defines how long a packet
should live before it would be discarded.
• There are two ways when time exceeded message can e
generated:
• 1. Packet discarded due to some bad routing
implementation and this cause the looping issue and
network congestion .Due to the looping issue, the value of
TTL keeps on decrementing by the router, the Time
Exceeded message will be send by the router to the source
host.
• 2. When destination host does not receive all the
fragments in a certain time limit , then the received
fragments are also discarded , and the destination host
sends Time Exceeded message to the source.

13. Parameter
problem
• When a router or host discovers any missing
value in the IP datagram , the router discards
the datagram , and the ‘ Parameter problem ‘
message is sent back to the source host.

14. Redirection
• Redirection message is generated when host
consists of a small routing table.
• When the host consists of a limited number
of entries due to which It sends the datagram
to a wrong router.
• The router that receive a datagram will
forward a datagram to a correct router and
also sends the ‘ Redirection Message ‘ to the
host to update its routing table.

15. ICMP Query
messages
It is used to diagnose some Network
Problems.
1. ECHO Request and Reply – Designed for
the diagnostic purpose . These messages are
used to determine whether two system can
communicate with each other.
2. Timestamp Request and Reply - Two
machines uses these message to determine
the round-Trip time needed for an IP
datagram to travel between them.

16. Lets see practically what we
are talking about

17. Thank You
We Really Appreciate it.
you listen us