2. Transform Boundary
At a transform plate boundary, plates move
pass one another causing earthquakes or
tsunamis.
This picture shows a transform boundary
located in California. It is known as the San
Andreas Fault.
The plates at this fault are one oceanic
plate(Pacific Plate) and one continental
plate(North American plate.)
3. Convergent Boundary
Two continental crust coming together at a
convergent boundary make a mountain.
This mountain covered in snow is Mount
Everest, the world’s highest mountain.
Mount Everest was created when two
plates, the Indian tectonic plate and the
Eurasian Plate came together.
4. Divergent Boundary
• At a divergent boundary, plates move in
different directions—away from each other.
• The picture above shows a rift valley in
Africa known as the great Rift Valley.
• The picture below shows the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge.
5. Subduction Zone
• At a subduction zone. Two plates collide,
one of which goes under the other one into
the mantle.
• As a result, three features could be created,
which are trench, volcanic arc, and island arc.
-Picture 1 shows the South Aegean Volcanic Arc.
-Picture 2 shows the Mariana Trench.
-Picture 3 shows the Ryukyu Islands.
6. Fault Zone
A fault zone is an area where there are
many faults close together.
The picture above shows fault zones located
in Texas on the North American plate.
7. Hot Spot
A hotspot is a place where magma from the
mantle keeps shooting up. As a result,
islands such as the Hawaiian islands below
are created.
8. Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire is a zone where there are
lots of volcanic activities.
It is located along the perimeter of the
Pacific ocean.
This picture is a
photo of a volcano
in the ring of fire. It
erupts a lot and
there are lots of
earthquakes
nearby.
9. Volcanoes
Volcanoes are made when magma from the mantle goes up
to the earth’s surface. There are many types of volcano.
They are Shield Volcano, Cinder Cone Volcano, and
Composite Volcano.
This picture is a picture of a
composite volcano. This volcano is
called Mayon Volcano and it is
located in the Philippines.
This picture shows a shield
volcano. This volcano is called
Mauna Loa volcano and it is
located in Hawaii.
This is a chain of cinder cone
volcanoes called Mauna Kea
and they’re located in Hawaii.
10. Mountains
• Mountains are formed
when two plates come
together at a convergent
boundary. In the diagram
two continental plates
converge to make the
mountain that you see.
There are four types of mountain. They are Dome,
Volcanic, Fault Block Mountain/Horst-Graben, and
Folded Mountain.
This picture is a picture of the Black Dome Mountain in
New York. Dome mountains are formed when magma
from the mantle pushes up.
11. Fault Block Mountains are
formed by movements along
faults. Plates pull to opposite
sides and land slides
downward. This picture
shows a fault block mountain
in the Yosemite valley.
Folded Mountains are formed
by pushing and folding of
rocks. This picture shows
Heaven's Peak-a folded
mountain.
12. This picture shows volcanic mountains called Three Sisters
Peaks, which are located in central Oregon. Volcanic
mountains are formed by dead volcanoes, meaning
volcanoes that no longer erupt.
13. Tsunamis
• Tsunamis are forms by earthquakes , landslide, or
volcanic activities under the ocean.
This picture shows
the tsunami that
hit Japan in 2011.
14. Analysis
Earthquakes can happen due to any plate
movements at all boundaries, such as divergent boundary,
convergent boundary, or transform boundary. However,
earthquakes mostly happen at transform boundaries—
boundary where two plates slide pass each other causing
tension in between the two plates. Why do you think there
are earthquakes in Southern California? It is because there
is a transform boundary in the area. Remember California
is part of Ring of Fire, which means it is really close to the
Pacific Plate. According to Earthquake Track, there have
been 6,603 earthquakes in the past year in California only.
This piece of evidence shows that the plates at the San
Andreas Fault is very active. According to Huffington Post,
the San Andreas Fault, “stretches the length of California,
meandering from deserts to mountains to coastline and
even out to sea. The two tectonic plates which meet at
this fault line are heading in different directions This
causes them to grind against each other occasionally.” This
piece of information confirms what I said about why
earthquakes mostly happen at transform plate boundaries.
In conclusion, scientists predict that part of California
might detach itself from the United States if the plates
continue to move in different directions at the rate they
are moving now.
