Developmental Anomalies of Skull and Spine�

1. WELCOME

2. Developmental Anomalies of
Skull and Spine
Dr Shirish Silwal
Phase B year 2
Paediatric Surgery
BSMMU

3.  Embryology
1. Development of Skull
2. Development of Spine
 Developmental Anomalies
1. Skull
2. Spine
Contents

4. Development of Skull
 Neurocranium- Protective case around the Brian
 Viscerocranium- Skeletal of Face
Embryology

5. Neurocranium
 The Membranous Part- Flat bone around the skull
 The Cartilaginous Part- Bones of the base of the
skull

8. Anterior Frontanalle – 18mnth
Posterior Frontanalle – 1-2 month
Metopic suture – around 1 year of life
Sutures Of The Skull

9.  Neurulation
The process whereby the neural plate forms the
neural tube.
 Starts At third week of gestation.
Development of Spine

13. Developmental Anomalies

14. Developmental Anomalies of
skull

15.  There is absence of cranial vault with cerebral hemispheres
completely absent or greatly reduced in size.
Anencephaly

16.  Craniosynostosis refers to the premature closure of
one or more cranial sutures and encompasses a
wide range of anatomic derangement.
Craniosynostosis

17. Scaphocephaly

19. Brachycephaly

20. Plagiocephaly

22. Trigoncephaly (keel-shaped forehead)

23. Encephalocele

24. Developmental Anomalies of
Spine

25. DAYS OF
GESTATION EVENT
RESULTANT
MALFORMATION
18 + Formation of neural
plate and groove
Anterior midline
defect
20 –23 Appearance of optic
vessels
Hydrocephalus
24-26 Closure anterior
neuropore
Anencephally
26 –28 Closure posterior
neuropore
Cranium bifidum
Spina bifida cystica
Spina bifida occulta
Developmental Anomalies

26. Spina Bifida
Spina bifida
Cystica
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele
MyeloschisisSpina bifida
occulta

27. Open Spina Bifida

28. Close Spina Bifida

29. Spina Bifida

30. Spina bifida Occulta

32. Spina Bifida Cystica

34.  Family with this abnormal baby is disaster for the
family thus we should focus on its prevention.
 Folic acid supplementation plays a vital role for its
prevention.
 Early diagnosis and management for better
prognosis.
Take home Message

35. Emily
Fetal surgery for spina bifida

42. THANK YOU