Identification of land cover features by using ERDAS imagine in Landsat imagery with the help of their regarding spectral signatures

2. Spectral Signatures and Spectral Libraries
(Identification of Land Cover Features in Landsat Imagery by
Using Spectral Signatures in ERDAS Imagine)
Sheikh Maryam SS15-10
Sumar Farooq SS15-09
Salah ud Din SS15-29
Ammara Khalid SS15-14
Team Members:

3. Team Members:
Sheikh Maryam SS15-10
Sumar Farooq SS15-09
Salah ud Din SS15-29
Ammara Khalid SS15-14

4. Contents
 Spectral Signature
 Spectral libraries
 Identification of Land Cover
 Identification of landcover using Landsat imagery
 Identification of Land Cover Features in Landsat Imagery by Using Spectral
Signatures in ERDAS Imagine.
 Limitation of spectral signature.

5. Spectral Signatures

6. Spectral Signature
Spectral signatures of water, soil and green vegetation.
Spectral signature is basically the reflectance/emittance characteristics with respect to
wavelengths (i.e., reflectance/emittance as a function of wavelength).
OR
Proof of identity in the set of different wavelengths.

7. Examples of Spectral Signatures
Deep Sea Cloud Urban

8. Comparison
Spectral Signature Spectral Response Pattern
The average reflectance with
respect to wavelength in EM spectrum.
The reflectance behavior of feature within given range of
spectrum.
Spectral signatures are single line and unique in
behavior.
Spectral response pattern are envelope(ribbon).They may
be distinctive but are not unique.

9. Spectral Libraries

10. Spectral Libraries
Spectral libraries are basically the collection of spectral signatures of various surface features.
Collection Sites
1. Through Spectroradiometer
2. Through internet
3. Through various softwares (ERDAS Imagine, ENVI)

11. Identification of Land Cover

12. Land Cover
Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the Earth. Land covers include
grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, concrete highways etc.
The USGS Land Cover Institute (LCI)

13. Comparison
Land cover Land use
It refers to the natural coverage of land. It refers to the socio-economic use of land.
Examples of landcover: Examples of landuse:

14. Identification of land cover using Landsat
Imagery

16. Landsat-5 TM
Landsat 5
Thematic Mapper
(TM)
Bands
Wavelength
(micrometers)
Resolution
(meters)
Band 1 - Blue 0.45-0.52 30
Band 2 - Green 0.52-0.60 30
Band 3 - Red 0.63-0.69 30
Band 4 - Near Infrared (NIR) 0.76-0.90 30
Band 5 - Shortwave Infrared
(SWIR) 1
1.55-1.75 30
Band 6 - Thermal 10.40-12.50 60
Band 7 - Shortwave Infrared
(SWIR) 2
2.08-2.35 30

17. Spectral Signature of Features
1. Healthy and Stressed Vegetation
2. Dry and Wet Sand
3. Dry and Wet soil
4. Snow and Cloud
5. Fine and Coarse Snow
6. Mountain and Rocks
7. Sea Water and Lake Water
8. Forest and Vegetation

18. 1-Healthy and Stressed
Vegetation (432)
Healthy
Stressed

19. Wet sand
Dry Sand
2-Wet and Dry Sand(432)

20. Wet soil
Dry soil
3-Dry and Wet soil
(432)

21. 4-Snow and Cloud
(432)
Snow
Cloud

22. 5-Fine and Coarse Snow
(432)
Coarse Snow
Fine Snow

23. 6- Mountain and Rocks
(432)
Mountain
Rock

24. 7-Sea Water and Lake
Water(432)
Sea water
Lake water

25. 8-Forest and Vegetation
(432)
Forest
Vegetation

26. Limitations of Spectral Signatures
 Signature of a water absorption feature in vegetation may not indicate the desired parameter:
 Vegetation amount.
 Signatures are typically derived in the laboratory:
 Field measurements can verify the laboratory data.
 Laboratory measurements may not simulate what the satellite sensor would see.
 Good example is the difficult nature of measuring the relationship between water content and plant health:
 Once the plant material is removed from the plant to allow measurement , it begins to dry out.
 Using field-based measurements only is limited by the quality of the sensors.

27. References
• https://speclab.cr.usgs.gov/spectral-lib.html
• http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/LUCAS_-
_Land_use_and_land_cover_survey
• https://landsat.usgs.gov/what-are-band-designations-landsat-satellites
• ftp://ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/jshan/86/help/html/hyperspectral/spectral_profile.htm
• http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Eduspace_EN/SEMPNQ3Z2OF_0.html
• https://landcover.usgs.gov/global_climatology.php

28. Thank you!!!

29. Any questions???