1. PRESENT TENSE, THIRD PERSON
In Latin, the verbs have endings which denote both person and number
Third Person, Singular= -t (he/she/it) Third Person, Plural -nt (they)
What’s going
on here?

2. WHAT MAKES A VERB?
 Tense: Indicates the time of the verb (present, past, future)
 Number: Indicates whether subject of the verb is ‘one’ (singular) or ‘more than
one’ (plural)
 Person: The verb in terms of its reference to the subject.
1st person: I walk (Sing) We walk (plural)
2nd Person: you walk (Sing) You walk (plural)
3rd Person: he, she, it walks (Sing) They walk (plural)

3. PRINCIPLE PARTS
Latin verb endings are attached to a
stem, from which the four principle
parts are made.
For now, we will only study two.
English has principal parts which
you already know:
see, saw, seen (to see)
eat, ate, eaten (to eat)
take, took, taken (to take)
ambul-ō, ambul-āre
 The first principle part is the 1st
person singular of the present tense.
ambulō (I walk)
ambul-āre
 The second principal part is the
infinitive…or the verb form without a verb
ending, i.e.: ‘to walk’
 Ex. vendit…vendere
 Any verb will be introduced according to its
principal parts in this book or any dictionary.

4. The Concept of Case in Latin
The case of a word indicates the function
that word plays in a sentence. If you think of a
Latin sentence as a puzzle, the cases of a word
are the grooves of each piece. You have to
recognize and fit which pieces fit together.
Valeria cibum et pōtum dat.
Some Points:
• All nouns, adjectives, and pronouns
have a case.
• The function of a word in a sentence is
indicated by its case ending, which
tells you what the case of a word is.
• There are six major cases in Latin.
Nominative
Accusative

5. The Concept of Case in Latin
The Nominative case indicates the subject of a
sentence, or the person, place, or thing that is performing
the action of the verb.
The Accusative Case indicates the direct object of a
verb, or a noun or pronoun that receives the direct action
of a transitive verb. The accusative case often ends with
the case ending of –m.

6. Because of:
Declensions: A group of nouns
that use the same case
endings.
discipulus, -ī
m. ‘student’
Singular Plural
Nominative discipulus discipulī
Accusative discipulum discipulōs
fēmina, -ae f.
‘woman’
Singular Plural
Nominative fēmina fēminae
Accusative fēminam fēminās
vir, -ī m.
‘man’
Singular Plural
Nominative vir virī
Accusative virum virōs
1st Declension
2nd Declension

7. HOME WORK FOR WEDNESDAY
MyLatinLab
Read Chapters 2-3 (

8. He walks
(simple action)
He is walking
(continuous action)
He does walk
(emphatic action)
Funny, though. In
Latin, all three words
would be translated as:
ambulat
ASPECT
In English, the tense of a verb expresses at which time its
action takes place, but verbs in English also expresses what
we call aspect, or the kind of action of the verb. For
example: