Carbohydrates in animal nutrition

2. Muhammad Shahbaz Zafar
M.Phil (Animal Nutrition)
UVAS Lhr (CVAS Jhang)
CARBOHYDRATES

3. NUTRITION
• Nutrition is defined as “the science of how the body
utilizes food to meet requirements for development
growth, repair and maintenance”

4. NUTRIENTS
• WATER
CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEIN
FATS
MINERALS
VITAMINS

5. CARBOHYDRATES
•Cn(H2O)n

6. How the plants gets energy
673KCal

7. Carbohydrates
Sugars Non-Sugars
Oligo-
saccharides
Tri-
saccharides
Di-
saccharides
Mono-
sccharides
Poly- saccharides

10. Mono-saccharides (one-sweet in taste)
Fructose
Glucose

12. Fructose

13. Galactose

14. Mannose

15. Di-saccharides( Monosaccharides + Monosaccharides )
• Di-saccharide Monosaccharides + Monosaccharides
• Sucrose Glucose + Fructose
• Lactose Glucose + Galactose
• Maltose Glucose + Glucose
(α-1,4)
• Cellubiose Glucose + Glucose
(β-1,4)

16. Sucrose / Cane sugar / Beet sugar / sacchrose
Sucrose Glucose + Fructose
Sucrase

17. Lactose / Milk Sugar
Lactose Glucose + Galactose
Lactase

18. Maltose / Malt sugar
Maltose Glucose + Glucose
(α-1,4)
Maltase

20. Cellobiose:
• Cellobiose does not exist naturally as a free sugar
• is the basic repeating unit of cellulose.
• It is less soluble and less sweet.
• Cellubiose Glucose + Glucose
(β-1,4)

21. Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides
Homo-Polysaccharides Hetero-Polysaccharides
On hydrolysis yields Mono-saccharides
On hydrolysis yields
Mono-saccharides + derived products

23. Starch
Starch Maltose + Dextrin’s Glucose

24. Amylose + Iodine Deep blue colour
(α-1,4)
Amylopectin + Iodin. Blue violet or purple colour
(α-1,6)

25. Glycogen/ Animal Starch

26. Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSP's)
• Polysaccharides other than staches i.e cellulose
• NSP's are notorious to the viscosity of the digesta in the Fore-Gut
• Nutrients are entrapped in these & can't be properly utilized.
• NSP's needs enzymes for their digestion.
• Cellulose is indigestible beacuse of absence of enzyme cellulase in the
monogastrics and poultry.
• Cellulose is most abundant organic compound in the world but no
animal can secret enzyme cellulase required for its digestion.

27. • Xylose Xylans (Wheat)
• needs Xylanases
• Glucans in Barely needed Glucanases
• Manose Manane
• Mananase enzyme is needed for its digestion & is bsent in Birds
• on hydrloysis all Poly-saccharides and Di-saccharides are breakdowwn
into Glucose and its the end product.

28. Cellulose

29. Metabolic aspects
Calorie vs ATP
(Energy outsied the body) Energy intsied the body)
1NADH = 3ATP
1FADH2 = 2ATP
The mono-gastric animals using ETC
(Electron Transport Chain) gets the ATP's
from NADH & FADH2 which are produced
from the starch hydrolysis.

30. Primary Metabolic Pathway
1) Glycolysis

32. 2) Oxidative De-Carboxylation

33. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Enzyme.
•
TPP CO-ALipoic acid
E1 E2 E3

34. 3) Kreb's Cycle / TCA / Citric Acid Cycle

37. Secondary Metabolic pathways

38. • Glucose
PPP/HMSGlycogen Stores
Glycolysis
Acetyl CoA
Kreb's Cycle
ETC
Lipogenesis
TGA
ATP
Proteins & Others
Pentose
Biochemical
Pathwaqys
NADPH