USEFUL FOR BSC THIRD YEAR STUDENTS.(BDU)

1. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING MATERIALS
K. SENTHILARASAN
E.G.S.PILLAY ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE.
NAGAPATTINAM.

2. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
FUEL MATERIALS
MODERATOR MATERIALS
FUEL CLADING MATERIALS
CONTROL MATERIALS

3. FUEL MATERIAL
Fuel material
Uranium
Plutonium
Thorium

4. Uranium
Very reactive and easily oxidized material.
Heavy, hard and nickel like metal.
Hardness at high temperature.
 uranium – 238: converted into fissionable
material as plutonium-239 by neutron
bombardment.
Uranium-235: it is used as a fuel in most
thermal reactor.
Uranium oxides or carbides are also used as
nuclear fuel in some reactors.

5. PLUTONIUM
 PL-239 Is very reactive and easily oxidized material.
 Highly toxic
 It is a concentrated nuclear fuel.
 Is not found in nature. It is produced from uranium 238.
 It can undergo fission chain reaction even by fast neutrons.
So plutonium reactors would not use moderator to
thermalize the fast neutrons.

6. Thorium
• Thourium-232 is fertile material.
• Converted in to fissionable uranium
bombardment.
• Less susceptible to irradiation damage.
• Thourium-232 is pure form it is soft and
weak.

7. MODERATOR MATERIAL
Nuclear fuel rods are surrounded by moderator
materials.
Deuterium
Graphite
Beryllium
Beryllium is the best metallic moderator material.
It occupied small space and has low absorption cross
section for neutrons.
Moderator helpful, in controlling and stabilizing
the reactor power level during its operation.
Moderator can also act as coolant and reflector.

8. Fuel cladding material
Fuel cladding materials are used to improve
the mechanical strength of fuel rods and increase
their corrosion resistance.
They should not absorb any neutrons and
should be stable even at high temperature.
It has higher thermal conductivity.
Ex: Aluminium, magnesium, beryllium, zirconium.

9. Control material
The power level of the reactor or neutron
flux in the reactor is controlled by inserting
control rods which are high neutron absorbers.
These are made from boron, silver,
cadmium