1. Md Saylab
ID. 1834902547 | DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
City University
SATELLITE SYSTEM
2. Satellite System
In general terms, a satellite is a smaller object than resolves around a larger object
in space. For example, moon is the natural satellite of earth.
We know that communication refers to the exchange to information between two or
more entities, through any medium or channel. In other words, it is nothing but
sending, receiving and processing of information.
In the event that the communication happens between any two earth stations
through a satellite, at that point it is called as satellite communication. In this
communication, electromagnetic waves are utilized as transporter signals. These
signs convey the data like voice, sounds, video or some other information among
ground and space and the other way around.
Soviet Union has dispatched the world’s first fake satellite named, Sputnik 1 out of
1957. Almost following 18 years, India additionally dispatched the counterfeit satellite
named, Aryabhata in 1975.
History of Satellite System:
• 1945 – Arthur C. Clarke publishes an essay titled “Extra Terrestrial Relays”.
• 1957 – First satellite, SPUTNIK.
• 1960 – First reflecting communication satellite, ECHO
• 1963 – First geostationary satellite. SYNCOM
• 1965 – First commercial geostationary satellite “Early Bird”
• 1976 – Three MARISAT satellite for maritime communication
• 1982 – First mobile satellite telephone system, INMARSAT - A
• 1988 – First satellite system for mobile phone and data communication,
NMARSAT - C
• 1993 – First digital satellite telephone system
• 1998 – Global satellite system for small mobile phones.
Characteristics Of Satellite System:
1. Satellite have been launched for various application and are placed at different
altitude. Moreover, their weight is also dissimilar.
2. Provides connection between the earth-based base station and the satellites.
3. The GEO satellite, which are at an attitude of 35,768 km, orbit in the equatorial
plan with zero-degree inclination and complete exactly one rotation in a day.
4. A satellite has large footprint, which can be up to 34% of the earth’s surface
covered and therefore it is difficult to reuse frequency.
3. 5. The global coverage of small mobile phones and data transmission typically
cause high latency in the range of about 275ms.
6. The latency is around 5 to 10ms and the satellite is visible for 10 to 40ms
7. Several satellites are needed to ensure global coverage. The same frequency
spectrum is also used by MEO and GEO.
8. LEO satellite is divided into little and big satellites,
9. Little LEOs are smaller in size and are in the frequency range of 148 to 150.
10.In MEO systems the slow-moving satellite orbit at a height of about 5000 to
12000 km above the earth and have a latency of about 70 to 80ms.
