3. NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
(NGOs)
•A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that generally is formed
independent from government.
•They are typically nonprofit entities, and many of them are active in humanitarianism or
the social sciences
•Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in improving the lives of people
who have been affected by natural disasters or are facing other challenges
EXAMPLES FOR NGOs: WATER AID,GREEN CROSS
4. FUNDING SOURCES FOR NGOs
•NGOs are usually funded by donations, but some avoid formal funding and are run by
volunteers.
•NGOs may have charitable status, or may be tax-exempt in recognition of their social
purposes.
•Funding sources include membership dues, the sale of goods and services, grants from
international institutions or national governments
5. HOW DOES AN NGO WORK
•NGOs can be formed by any group of people who wants to carry out missions in the
public interest.
•The government has no influence over them and no say in their activities or tax-exempt
status
•They can be non-profit, and usually are. They rely on donations, grants, and
membership dues for funding.
•NGOs focus on a wide range of issues and areas. These might include women's rights,
the health of the environment and planet, healthcare, political advocacy, labor unions,
religious faith, care of aging adults, and youth empowerment.
•Ever since independence, NGOs have played a crucial role in helping the needy in India,
providing aid to the distressed and elevating the socio-economic status of millions in the
country
6. The Importance of NGOs in India
•India has made rapid progress in the socio-economic sphere in the last seven decades.
Millions have been brought out of poverty, life expectancy has shot up, literacy rate has
almost tripled and people have better access to healthcare services
•The benefits of India’s economic progress have not been uniform in nature.
•This is where NGOs’ role comes into the picture. Their job is to plug the gaps left by the
government by improving the lives of the most marginalised communities.
•In India, NGOs undertake a variety of activities, most of which are aimed at improving
the socio-economic status of communities with limited means
•From providing direct benefit to enabling and empowering people,the primary role of
NGOs in India has a far-reaching impact in helping underprivileged and deprived people
march ahead in life.
7. GROWTH OF NGOs IN INDIA
•India has around 3.2 million registered non-government organisations (NGOs)
•The Central Statistical Organization of India states there are around four NGOs for every
1,000 people in urban areas and 2.3 NGOs for every 1,000 rural population
•There is hardly any ministry that does not support or engage an NGO. Due to its wide
reach it is often called the third sector.
•With increase in population and demand there is a growing need for superior planning and
development
8. NGOs TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL
CAUSE
•An ENGO (environmental non-governmental organization) is a non governmental
organization (NGO) in the field of environmentalism. These organizations operate both
locally and internationally which makes them play an important role in dealing with
different kinds of environmental issues that are happening in the contemporary world.
•From the emergence of environmental NGOs in the 1970s and 1980s, back when
people only started to acknowledge the seriousness of environmental issues, many
developments have been made towards helping the planet and its inhabitants
•Examples of ENGOs: Greenpeace , Himalayan wildlife foundation, Worldwide Fund for
nature
9. CHALLENGES FACED BY NGOs
1. Lack of Funds
•An NGOs goal doesn’t lie on accomplishing a project alone. After the success of a certain
project, NGOs would want to maintain contact with their beneficiaries and make sure
continuous progress is happening.
•NGOs would also want to be able to help more individuals and communities depending on
their needs. To do so, NGOs need to constantly acquire funds.
•Although partner organizations and supporters will want to continually support an NGOs
causes, they may possibly see more potential in other organizations and decide to fund
others instead.
2. No Strategic Planning
•At times, many bright ideas can come to place but it can also cause confusions and stray you
away from the initial goal. Although many good ideas come, sometimes, they don’t always
remain in line with the goals set out.
10. 3. Absence of networking
NGOs working together to reach their goals more efficiently is one perspective.
However, some NGOs also see it as a form of competition. For some reason, there are
NGOs who believe getting close to other NGOs or nonprofits will cause them to have
more competition in terms of applying for grants.
4. Lack of maintenance
Without proper maintenance, the benefits to their living standards may only be
temporary. Additionally, having a number of projects which do not have lasting results
will also affect your NGOs capacity to gain funds. Grant-funding agencies will rather give
to those who can prove their capacity to implement and maintain on a long-term basis.
11. CASE STUDY 1:
1) GREENPEACE INDIA
PROBLEM: Kodaikanal mercury poisoning
• Kodaikanal mercury poisoning is a proven case of mercury contamination at the hill
station of Kodaikaanal, Tamil Nadu, India by Hindustan Unilever in the process of
making mercury thermometers for export around the world
• The factory imported mercury from the United States, and exported finished
thermometers to markets in the United States and Europe. Around 2001, a number of
workers at the factory began complaining of kidney and related ailments
12. •Public interest groups such as Tamil Nadu Alliance Against Mercury (TNAAC) alleged
that the Company had been disposing mercury waste without following proper protocols
•In March 2001, a public protest led by local workers' union and international
environmental organization Greenpeace forced the company to shut down the factory.
•Soon the company admitted that it did dispose of mercury contaminated waste
13. •Once the factory was shut down, public interest groups demanded the return of the
remaining mercury waste to the United States for recycling, remediation of the factory
site, and address of the health complaints of the workers.
•Local groups and workers' union under the leadership of Greenpeace, represented to
the company, regulatory bodies, and the government, besides initiating legal action
against the company.
14. •Greenpeace campaigners led the public affairs groups and workers collaboration in
forcing the Company to collect 290 tonnes of dumped mercury waste from the shola
forest and send back to the United States for recycling in 2003.
•Later Greenpeace campaigners led the groups in lobbying for remediation of the site and
initiated an investigation by the Department of Atomic Energy of Government of India
which found that the free mercury level in the atmosphere of Kodaikanal was 1000 times
more than what is found in normal conditions
15. CASE STUDY 2:
2) Wildlife Trust of India
MAJOR PROJECTS:
•CENTRE FOR BEAR REHABILITATION AND CONSERVATION (CBRC)
•CENTRE FOR WILDLIFE REHABILITATION AND CONSERVATION (CWRC)
•TERAI TIGER PROJECT
•SARUS CRANE CONSERVATION PROJECT
16. SARUS CRANE CONSERVATION PROJECT
•Uttar Pradesh is a stronghold of the sarus crane, India’s only resident breeding crane
and the world’s tallest flying bird. There is an estimated population of over 13,000
individuals here and the sarus has been designated the official State Bird.
•As recently as five years ago eastern UP was totally off the radar as a region of
conservation importance for the species.
•Reports of a significant population on the farmlands first came in from field
representatives of Tata Trusts, which has worked with the farmers in the area on
sustainable agricultural practices since 2010.
•Tata Trusts consulted with WTI about a possible collaboration to protect the sarus; in
2013 the Sarus Crane Conservation Project took wing.
HOW IT STARTED
17. •The widespread draining and ‘reclamation’ of wetlands for
agriculture or infrastructure development has forced the bird
onto flooded croplands.
•The project’s findings show that 80 per cent of sarus nesting
sites fall within four to five kilometers of the remaining natural
inland wetlands
•These small wetlands are critical for the sarus and other
avifauna in the region, besides providing ecological services
such as groundwater recharge, water purification etc
18. PROJECT OUTCOME
•The project works to monitor and protect sarus nests on the Important Sarus Wetlands
Sites and local croplands
•Over 20 SPCs have been established under the project, to educate farmers on why it is
in their own interest not to disturb the cranes that nest on their fields, to keep an eye out
for poachers and those who would steal the eggs.
•As of the 2017 nesting season, the Sarus Crane Conservation Project has identified,
monitored and provided protection to 493 sarus nests across eastern UP with the help of
local communities.
19. CONCLUSION
•Non-governmental organizations, play a significant role in international development,
humanitarian relief, and philanthropy
•Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have always been at the forefront of
accountability by providing various development solutions.
•When NGOs work with governments and markets, they help to enhance development.
•In addition, adequate research is carried out, further improving development activities.
NGOs also get funding from national and international bodies, allowing them to be
financially secure and connected to other opportunities.
