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The Fashion brands of France
- 4. accessories andhomeware.Foundin theearly1970sbyStephen Marks,who remainschiefexecutive, itisbasedin LondonanditsparentFrench ConnectionGroupPLCislistedonthe LondonStockExchange. Type Public Company Traded as LSE: FCCN Industry Clothing Founded 1972 Head quarters London, UK Chairman,CEO Stephen Marks Finance Director Adam Castleton Operation director Neil Williams Product Clothing, accessories, watches, perfumes, toiletries, glasses,etc. Revenue £189.4 million GBP (as on 2014) Number of Employees 2260 (as on 2014) Company Address 60 Great Portland Street, London W1N 5AJ England. Company Website www.fcukinkybugger.com Shopping Website www.frenchconnection.com Brand History :
- 5. Stephen Marks,whostarted outin business in1969astheStephen Marks brand,established FrenchConnection in1972.Initially designed asamid- marketwomen'sbrand,hehassaidthe namecameaboutbecause hemanaged toacquirealargeshipment ofIndian cheesecloth shirts–viaaFrenchcontact –thatcouldberesoldintheUKatalarge profit.Thebusiness expanded into menswearin1976.
- 7. 15thrichestmaninBritain,butbythe late1980s thecompanywasintrouble. Hetookcontrolofthedirection of FrenchConnectionagainin1991. Brand position: WhiletherevivaloftheUKbrand's fortunesinthe1990shasbeen attributed tothesuccess oftheFCUK logo,ithashadmixedfinancialfortunes duringthe2000s, reflected initspoor sharepricesintheUK.Afterreportedly
- 8. losingmarketsharetorivalssuchas Zara,TopshopandASOS–withsome analysts suggesting itspricingwasoutof stepwithothercompetitor brands–its positionimprovedin2014.Asof2014 theFrenchConnectionbrandhad131 storesintheUKandEurope. Other brands in group: FrenchConnectionrepresents the majorityofFrenchConnectionGroup's
- 9. revenue(some88percentin2014), howeveritownsanumberofother clothing/homewear brands,including YMC,GreatPlainsandTOAST.Toast nowhastwelveUKstores. Expansion of Products: EaudeFcukNo.1,No.2,No.3–men's rangeintroduced 2000andwomen's perfumes in2001.
- 10. FcukHerandFcukHim(2003)–Original women'sperfumebyZirh/Shiseidoand men'sperfumebyJamesKrivda. FcukConnectHerandFcukConnect Him(2007)–Men'sandwomen'sranges withbasenotesincluding musk.Fcuk FrictionHerandFrictionHim(2012)– Women'sperfume includes notesof coconutandvanilla,men'sincludes citrus. Chronology of FCUK: 1969 Mark Stephen launches Mark Stephen London Ltd.
- 11. 1972 Stephens opens his first retail store 1976 Launched Menswear collection 1978 Hired Nicole Farhi as designer 1984 The company launches the French Connection label in the United States through joint venture with best of all clothing(BOAC) 1986 The company is listed on the London stock exchange. 1989 Mark Stephens gives up the position of CEO. 1991 Mark Stephens becomes the CEO again. 1997 The company launches the first FCUK Campaign. 2000 The company signs a partnership agreement with D’Urban Inc. in Japan. 2001 The company acquires 100 percent of BOAC and opens the first store in Tokyo.
- 12. LacosteisaFrenchclothingcompany, foundedin1933bytennisplayerRené LacosteandAndréGillier.Itsells clothing,footwear,perfume, leather goods,watches,eyewear,andmost famouslypoloshirts.Inrecentyears, Lacostehasintroduced ahomelineof sheeting andtowels.Thecompany can berecognizedbyitsgreencrocodile logo.RenéLacoste, thecompany's founder,wasnicknamed "the
- 13. Crocodile"byfansbecause ofhis tenacity onthetenniscourt.In November2012Lacostewasbought outrightbySwissfamily-held group MausFrères. Lacoste S.A./Casper Schmedes Type Societe Anonyme Industry Retail Founded 1933; 84 yrs ago in Troyes, France Founders Rene Lacoste Andre Giller Headquarters Troyes, France Products Clothing, Shoes, Perfumes Owner Maus Freres Number of Employees 2500+ Website Lacoste.com The Start and Continuation:
- 14. RenéLacostefoundedLaChemise Lacostein1933withAndréGillier,the ownerandpresident ofthelargest Frenchknitwearmanufacturing firmat thetime.Theybegantoproducethe revolutionarytennisshirtLacostehad designed andwornonthetenniscourts withthecrocodilelogoembroidered on thechest.Althoughthecompanyclaims thisasthefirstexampleofabrandname appearing ontheoutside ofanarticleof
- 15. clothing,the"Jantzengirl"logo appeared ontheoutside ofJantzen Knitting Mills'swimsuits asearlyas 1921.Inadditiontotennisshirts, Lacosteproducedshirtsforgolfand sailing. In1951,thecompanybegantoexpandas itbranchedfrom"tenniswhite"and introduced colorshirts. In1952,theshirtswereexportedtothe UnitedStatesandadvertised as"the
- 16. statussymbolofthecompetent sportsman," influencing theclothing choicesoftheupper-class.Lacostewas soldatBrooksBrothersuntilthelate 1960s.Itisstilloneofthemostpopular brandsintheUnitedStates, sportingthe "preppywardrobe". In1963,BernardLacostetookoverthe management ofthecompany fromhis fatherRené.Significant company growthwasseenunderBernard's
- 17. management. Whenhebecame president, around300,000 Lacoste productsweresoldannually.The Lacostebrandreacheditsheightof popularityintheUSduringthelate 1970s andbecame thesignature 1980s "preppy"wardrobeitem,evengetting mentioned inLisaBirnbach'sOfficial PreppyHandbookof1980.The companyalsobegantointroduce other productsintotheirlineincluding
- 18. shorts,perfume,opticalandsunglasses, tennisshoes,deckshoes,walkingshoes, watches,andvariousleathergoods. In2009,HaydenChristensen became thefaceoftheChallenge fragrancefor men. InSeptember 2010,ChristopheLemaire stepped downandFelipeOliveira Baptista succeeded himasthecreative managerofLacoste.
- 19. RenéLacosteFoundationisa community programdeveloped tohelp childrenbeabletoplaysportsinschool. InMarch2016,thecompany openeda newflagshipstoreonFashionStreet, Budapest. In2017,tennis playerNovakDjokovic wasnamedbrandambassador for Lacoste.Thisobligationincludes afive- yearcontractandhewillappearin advertising campaigns.
- 20. Brand Management: Intheearly'50s,BernardLacoste teamed upwithDavidCrystal,whoat thetimeownedIzod,toproduceIzod Lacosteclothing.Inthe1970s and1980s, itwasextremely popularwith teenagers whocalled theshirtssimply Izod.Whiletheunionwasboth profitableandpopular,IzodLacoste's parentcompany(CrystalBrands,Inc.) wassaddled withdebtfromother business ventures.Whenattempts to
- 22. onceagainreturnedtotheelitestatusit heldbeforeabrandmanagement crisis circa1990. Lacostewasinvolvedinalong-standing dispute overitslogowithHongKong- basedsportswearcompanyCrocodile Garments.Atthetime,Lacosteuseda crocodilelogothatfacedright (registered inFrancein1933)while Crocodileusedonethatfacedleft (registered invariousAsiancountries in
- 23. the1940sand1950s).Lacostetriedto blockanapplication fromCrocodileto registeritslogoinChinaduringthe 1990s, thedispute endingina settlement. Aspartoftheagreement, Crocodileagreedtochangeitslogo, whichnowsportsscalierskin,bigger eyesandatailthatrisesvertically. Environmental practices InJuly2011,Lacoste,alongwithother majorfashionandsportswearbrands
- 24. including Nike,Adidas and Abercrombie &Fitch,wasthesubject of DirtyLaundry,areportbythe environmental groupGreenpeace. According tothefindingsofthereport, Lacostewasaccused ofworkingwith suppliers inChinawhichcontribute to thepollutionoftheYangtzeandPearl Rivers.Samples takenfromonefacility belongingtotheYoungorGroup locatedontheYangtzeRiverDeltaand
- 25. anotherbelongingtotheWellDyeing FactoryLtd.locatedonatributaryof thePearlRiverDeltarevealed the presence ofhazardousandpersistent hormonedisruptorchemicals, including alkylphenols, perfluorinated compounds andperfluorooctane sulfonate. Censorship of Palestinian art InDecember 2011Lacostewasaccused ofcensoringtheworkofPalestinian
- 26. artistLarissaSansour.Sansourhad initially beenincluded onashortlistof eightnomineesfortheprestigious LacosteÉlyséeprize–acompetition whichhadbeenorganizedbytheMusée del'ÉlyséeinLausanne, Switzerland, withLacoste'ssponsorship.Sansour's entryintothecompetition wasentitled "NationEstate", whichinvolvedaseries of"dystopic sci-fiimagesbasedon Palestine's admission toUNESCO".In
- 27. thisworkSansourimagines thestate contained withinasingleskyscraper, witheachfloorrepresenting areplicaof "lostcities" including Jerusalem, RamallahandSansour'sown hometownofBethlehem Amonthbeforetheselection jurywasto meettochoosethewinner,however, theMuséedel'ÉlyséeinformedSansour thatLacostehadchangeditsmindabout including herworkinthecompetition
- 28. andaskedtheMuseum toremoveheras anomineecitingherworktobe"too pro-Palestinian". Sansoursoonwent publicwithherstoryandwithin48 hourstheMuséedel'Élyséecameoutin hersupportannouncing, inapress release,thatithaddecided tosuspend itsrelationship withLacosteasa sponsorofthisprizeduetoitsinsistence onexcluding Sansourfromthe competition. Themuseum emphasized
- 29. thatitsdecision toendthecompetition wasinlinewiththeorganization's25 yearsofcommitment toartistic freedom. Lacoste'sattempt tocensorSansour's workledtowidespread international negative mediareportsonthe company'sactions andrenewed discussions ontheroleofprivatesector companies inartsponsorships.
- 30. Façonnable isahigh-endmen'sand women'sclothingbrandfoundedin Nice,FrancebyJeanGoldbergin1950.It iscurrentlyownedbyM1Group holdingcompany ofBeirut,Lebanon. Industry Tailoring Founded Nice, France in 1950 Founder Jean Goldberg Owner M1 Group Parent Lebanese private equity group M1 Group since sepyember 2007 Website www.faconnable.com/en/ The Start:
- 31. Thefirstshop,situated inrueParadisin Nice,wasopenedbyFrenchmaster tailor,JeanGoldberg.Thestorewas frequented byfilmstarsinneedof bespoketuxedosandgownsforevents suchastheannualCannesFilmFestival. JeanGoldberg'sstoregainedgreat notorietyacrosstheFrenchRiviera, dressing starsoftheerasuchasTony CurtisandCaryGrantinGoldberg's uniquestyleofclassic tailoringwitha
- 32. moderntwist.[citation needed] In1961 Goldbergretired,hissonAlbert GoldbergtookovertheNiceworkshop. AlbertGoldberglearnttheartofcutting andfinishing.Hecreated anewfashion footprintshifting ittotheprêt-à-porter (readytowear)market.Afteravisitto NewYork'sBrooksBrothersstore, AlbertGoldbergproducedacollection ofreadytowearoutfitsformenand
- 33. renamedthebusiness 'Façonnable',a variationoftheword"Façonner" Ownership: Façonnable SASwasownedbythe Goldbergfamilyuntilthecompanywas soldtoNordstromInc.in2000inacash andstockdealworth$170million.In September 2007,Lebanese private equitygroupM1Groupagreedto acquireFaçonnable fromNordstrom Inc.,for€152.985m Euro(US$210m).
- 34. M1Groupisaholdingcompanybasedin Beirut,Lebanon.Itwasfoundedover fortyyearsagobyTahaMikatiandhis brotherNajibMikati,theformer Lebanese PrimeMinister.TheM1 Groupcoversarangeofindustries, including realestate, telecommunication, energy,aviation, cement andbanking.M1Group'sCEOis AzmiMikati. The Evolution:
- 35. In1973,boutiques wereopenedalong theCoted'AzurinMonteCarlo, Cannes,Saint-Tropez,andin Marseilles. Throughoutthe1970s, Goldbergbegantocollaboratewith largeAmerican andEuropean companies suchasSebago,Aldenand Van'stocreateashoecollection.In1975, AlbertGoldbergworkedwithLoro Piana,theduocreating"Façorain",an invisible membrane allowing
- 36. cashmeres andluxurywoolstobewind andwaterproofwhilstretainingtheir textureandbreathability. ThefirstParisianboutiqueopenedin 1984.In1987,thebranddiversified, releasing acollectionofsunglasses and opticalwear.In1988,thechainentered intoadistribution agreement withUS department storechainNordstrom.
- 37. Façonnable released alineof wristwatches in1990.