2. The urge to move towards one’s goals to
accomplish tasks
Humans are motivated for
Needs: Inherent biological state of deficiency
Drive: Perceived state of tension associated
with the deficiency in some need
3. Man is motivated to evolve with the basic
needs
Survival
Reproduction
4. A theory of motivation developed by Clark L.
Hull, the Drive-Reduction Theory focuses on how
motivation originates from biological needs or
drives. In this theory, Hull proposed a person’s
behavior is an external display of his desire to
satisfy his physical deficiencies.
Humans are motivated to evolve because of the
tension that is produced with the requirement of
body for need fulfillment
To lessen it
5.
6. Optimal arousal is a psychological construct
referring to a level of mental stimulation at
which physical performance, learning, or
temporary feelings of wellbeing are
maximized (Smith 1990). It can also be
described as the degree of energy release and
the intensity of readiness.
One should not be under aroused
Not over aroused
They both lead to poor performance
7.
8. Abraham Maslow postulated that a
person will be motivated when his needs
are fulfilled. The need starts from the
lowest level basic needs and keeps
moving up as a lower level need is
fulfilled. Below is the hierarchy of need
9. Physiological: Physical survival necessities such
as food, water, and shelter.
Safety: Protection from threats, deprivation,
and other dangers.
Social (belongingness and love): The need for
association, affiliation, friendship, and so on.
Self-esteem: The need for respect and
recognition.
Self-actualization: The opportunity for
personal development, learning, and
fun/creative/challenging work. Self-
actualization is the highest level need to which
