Detail explaination about meningitis

1. MENINGITIS

2. Meningitis:
It is inflammatory involvement of the meninges.
Types of
meningitis
Pachymeningitis Leptomeningitis
Acute
pyogenic
Acute
Lymphocytic
Chronic

3. Development of leptomeningitis
Chronic suppurative otitis media From facture of skull/backbone
Cerebral
abscess
Extradural abscess
Subdural abscess
Leptomeningit
is

4. Acute Pyogenic Meningitis:
Meningitis due to bacteria
Spread of infection to
CSF meninges
Ventricles
Optic
nerves
Infective microorganismEtiology:
Haemophilus
influenzae
Escherichia coli
Neonates
Infants &
Children
Adolescent &
Young children
Extreme aged
person
Neisseria
meningitidis
Streptococcus
pneumoniae

5. Routes of acute pyogenic meningitis
Blood Stream
Adjacent Focus of
Infection Iatrogenic
Morphological features:
Grossly,
Turbid /purulent CSF in sulci , base of brain and
In fulminant cases, in ventricles with fibrous coating on wall.
Purulent material interferes with CSF Flow results in obstructive hydrocephalus.
Microscopically,
Subarachnoid Space
Polymorph nuclear Neutrophils
Meninges Around Blood Vessels
Present in

6. Acute Lymphocytic Meningitis:
Meningitis due to virus.
Etiological agents:
 Enteroviruses
 Mumps
 ECHO viruses
 Coxsackie virus
 Epstein-Barr viruses
 Herpes simple virus-2
 Arthropode-born virus
 HIV

7. Morphological Feature:
Grossly, Swelling of brain
Microscopically, mild lymphocytic infiltrate in the leptomeninges
Chronic Meningitis: There are two types – T.B. and Cryptococcal
cause chronic granulomatous reactions and may produce parenchymal
lesions
Etiology :
T.B. Meningitis- Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Cryptococcal Meningitis- Cryptococcous
Route of infection- Haematogenous

8. Morphological Feature:
Grossly,
Cryptococcal meningitis:
Infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma
cells
Capsulated Cryptococci
Tubercle
Adjacent
Blood Vessel
Base of
Brain
Subarachnoid
Space
Sulci
Exudate
Scanty,
Translucent,
Gelatinous
Thick Exudate
T.B. Meningitis
Cryptococcal
Meningitis
Present in
Microscopically,
T.B. Meningitis:
Acute and Chronic Inflammatory
cells,
Giant cells, Acid-fast bacilli

10. Kernig sign Brudzinski neck signs