The Internet of Things (IoT) concept has recently been presented as the next revolution and a part of the internet of the future. IoT consists of billions of uniquely identified smart objects ‘things’ with communication ability over the internet

1. The Road to the Internet of
Things: a Survey
Sana Sabah Sabry
University Of Information Technology And Communications

2. Outline
 INTRODUCTION
 MOTIVATION
 PURPOSE
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 IOT ARCHITECTURE
 IOT COMPONENTS
 THINGS IN IOT
 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND IOT
NETWORKS
 OPEN IOT RESEARCH ISSUES
 SUMMERY
University Of Information Technology And Communications

3. Introduction
University Of Information Technology And Communications

4. 0 1 0 2 0 3 5 16
45
71
1 1 2 21
51 67
127
287
536
897
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Number of IoT Articles by Year in ScinceDirect
review articles research articles
Motivation
University Of Information Technology And Communications
Although the number of studies on IoT is rapidly increasing, more studies
and investigations are required on the ‘things’ components of IoT

5. Purpose
 Provide more clarification on the ‘things’
component of IoT and what these things needed
to be considered smart objects and part of IoT.
 Provide a clear, comprehensive, and deep
overview of different IoT architectures, smart
object components and the leading
communication technologies employed in IoT.
 Serve as a starting point for future studies
looking into developing IoT applications and
addressing IoT challenges
University Of Information Technology And Communications

6. Research Methodology
University Of Information Technology And Communications
The methodology adopted for this paper
presented in Fig. 1 which involved an analysis of
a significant number of publications from
academic databases (IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect,
and Google Scholar). Any non-scientific materials
from Google scholar were not considered during
the review process
Fig. 1 research methodology

7. IoT Architecture
University Of Information Technology And Communications
A clearer view of the IoT system is provided by the reference
architectures and models. There are several layered architectures
proposed by researchers, where data moves from one level of
treatment to another. Some of these architectures are:
 Three-layer architecture
 Five-layer architecture
 Cloud-based architecture
 Fog –based architecture

8. University Of Information Technology And
Communications
IoT Architecture

9. University Of Information Technology And
Communications
The selection of the right architecture depends on the intended application. For
clarification, let us consider the following cases.
IoT Architecture
Case A:In this scenario, the three-layer architecture can be used.
Case B:In this scenario, we need an architecture that supports the added
data processing. Hence, a five-layer architecture is more suitable.
Case C: In this case, cloud or fog-based architecture can be used.

10. IOT COMPONENTS
University Of Information Technology And Communications

11. University Of Information Technology And
Communications
Things in IoT
From the phrase 'Internet of things' and from the definitions of IoT mentioned in section
I, ‘things' are an important and essential part of IoT and without it, there will be no IoT.
’Things’ indicate any object on the earth whether it is a smart device, living entity, or
even non-communication objects such as food, paper, chair, fan, fridge, even the leaf of
a tree For these objects to be part of IoT, some features must be added to them, such as
• identification,
 information gathering (Sensor networks),
actuation.
 information processing (microcontroller,
FPGA microprocessor).
 communication (transmit and receive data).

12. University Of Information Technology And
Communications
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND
IOT NETWORKS

13.  Standardization of communication
technologies
 Social network and IoT applications
 Energy consumption
 Green IoT
 Security
 Scalability
 Big Data
University Of Information Technology And
Communications
OPEN IOT RESEARCH ISSUES

14. Summery
The emerging idea of IoT has been developed rapidly in the past few years to
improve the quality of life in many domains. Connecting a large number of
smart objects or 'things' allows automation of everything around us. IoT has
been considered as the future of the Internet. This paper examined different
IoT architectures based on the referenced studies in a bid to provide a perfect
knowledge of the role of each IoT layer and to know the IoT components and
technologies suitable for each layer. This paper also examined smart objects
as the basic components of IoT which are embedded in communicating,
actuating, and intelligence capabilities. The state-of-the-art of IoT was also
summarized in this paper. Furthermore, some future research directions were
provided. This survey mainly aims to provide a clear, comprehensive, and
deep overview of different IoT architectures, smart object components and
the leading communication technologies employed in IoT. Thus, this paper
can serve as a starting point for future studies looking into developing IoT
applications and addressing IoT challenges.
University Of Information Technology And Communications

15. Thank you for listening
Any Questions?
University Of Information Technology And Communications

16. University Of Information Technology And
Communications
REFERENCES:
The Road to the Internet of Things: a Survey
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8876989