Southern India Workshop

1. Globalisation:
A Marriage of
Trade
&
Human Rights
Presented BY: Samrat Ganguli
gangulisamrat9@gmail.com

2. Index
SECTION: I
• Globalisation & Migration
• Trade & Free Trade
• Human Rights & Social
Human Rights
• Importance of Human
Rights
SECTION: II
• Relation/ A Marriage of
Trade & Human Rights
• European Union Features
• EU: FTA a source of
Economic Growth.
• Highlights : EU-India FTA
• Challenges to Indian TU

3. Beginning of Globalisation
Trade
Expansion
Booming:
“ImportDemand” &
“Export Supply”
Markets
Integration in
Trading Economics

5. Migration
Significant Part of Casual Labour Market.
Migration two Types: Immigration & Emigration.
Pros: Part of Development Process of Region & Cons: Creating
imbalance in development & growth & Its Inhabitants .
In Modern Era : Migration of People from Third World to First
World Country.
Purposeful: full-employment, growing industrial area, Welfare
of Workers.

6. Census 2011:Total Number of Migrants
85%
13%
2%
Migrants
Intra-state Migrants
Inter-State Migrant
Out Side Country
Total

7. First World: United States, United
Kingdom and their allies
Second World: Soviet Union, China,
and their allies
Third World : Neutral

8. Effect of Migration
Face Problem of Heterogeneous Speaking.
Unfamiliar Environment.
Life become more Individualistic.
Migratory Character prevent them to Join TU. (So, Weak Union
& Fail to Solve Problem).
Imposed Separation from the family.
Immoral Practice Such as, Drinking Intoxicants, Gambling &
Immorality.
Undocumented.

9. Trade
Transfer of
the ownership
of Goods &
Services
one person or
entity to another
in exchange for
other goods or
services or
for money
Trade

10. Free Trade
Open New
Market
(G & S)
Investment
Opportunities
Cheaper
Market
(No Custom
Duties, Tariff
, Red Tape)
Certain Rules:
Intellectual
Property
Rights,
Competition,
Public
Procurement
Sustainable
Development: Co-
operation,
Transparency,
Social Dialogue,
Environmental
Issues
Free Trade

11. Human Rights
Human
Rights =
Inherent to All
Human Being
(UN-OHCHR)
Nationality
Place of Resident
Sex
Ethical
Origin
Colour
Religion
Language
Other Status

12. Social Human Rights
Social Human
Rights =
Full
participation in
Life of Society
Right to
Education
Right to
Found &
Maintain
Family
Civil Rights
Right to
Recreation
Health
Care
Privacy &
Freedom

13. Importance of Human Rights
For Everyone.
Internationally Guaranteed.
Focus on the Dignity of the Human.
Protects Individuals and Groups.
Can’t be taken away.
Protected by the Law.

14. After World War 1, (1914-18) and World War 2, (1939-45)
dramatic change in World Trade and Workers’ Rights..
In 1919, Treaty of Versailles or peace treaty, signed between
“Germany and Allied Power.”
Foundation of ILO to protect the “Rights of Labour” and
“Labour Issues.”- 1919.
In the 19th treaty signed; England, US, Portugal, Denmark and
Sweden to ban trade in slaves.
Late 19th cent. US signed treaty; England, Australia and Canada
banned trade in goods made by conflict labour.
Relation(Marriage): Trade & Human Rights

15. Human Rights in Preferential Trade
Agreements/ Free Trade Agreements
EuropeanUnion
• Universal human
rights + Specific
Human Rights
• Labour right,
transparency,due
process, political
participation,
and privacy
rights, IPR
US
• Specific human
rights
• Transparency, due
process, political
participation,
access to
affordable
medicines, and
labour rights.
Canada
• Specific human
rights
• Transparency, due
process, political
participation,
labour rights,
privacy rights,
cultural and
indigenous rights

16. European Union Features
Largest Economy of the World.
Major Importer & Exporter.
Leading Investor & Recipient of Foreign Investment.
Single Market 28 Nation : Free Movement of Goods &
Services.
More Weight on International Trade Negotiation.
Trading Partners of 59 Countries.

17. EU: FTA a Source of Economic Growth
Rapid Economic
Growth , Due to
Open Market
More & Better Job
Opportunities in
Europe & its
Partners
More than 14%
workforce directly
or Indirectly
dependent on
World EX-IM
Rise in Trade/
Benefits the
Consumers/ Lower
Price/ Greater
Choice.
FDI: Crucial Factor
for Employment In
EUROPE +
AMERECA + JAPAN
Employing Over 4.6
million people in
Europe
FTA: Helpful to
Come out from
Economic Crises
2007-08
Safe Guard of Local
Market through
“Intellectual
Property Rights”
Its Trade Policy : A
significant part of
their Strategy 2020.

20. EU: OPERATING FTA
• Between 2006 to 2014 EU signed around 30 FTA and forced.
Cont…
South Africa,
Chile and
Mexico, 2000
Southern
Mediterranean
(Algeria, Egypt,
Israel,Jordan,
Lebanon, Morocco) in
2002
Central America
(Costa-Rica, El-
salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Nicaragua
& Panama) in 2012
Peru &
Colombia in
2013
Eastern
Neighbourhood
(Moldova, Armenia,
Georgia) in 2013

21. UNDER NEGOTIATION
•
2007
• INDIA
2008
• GULF CO-
OPERATION
COUNCIL
• Saudi Arabia
• Kuwait
• UAE
• Qatar
• Bahrain
• Oman
2010
• ASEAN
• Malaysia
(2010)
• Vietnam
(2012)
• Thailand
(2013)
2013
• JAPAN
• MOROCCO
2010
• MERCOSUR
• Argentina
• Brazil
• Paraguay
• Uruguay
• Venezuela

22. Highlights: EU- India FTA
Since, 1991 EU & India Focused on partnership and
Development.
India’s Rank Ninth As Partner in Trade.
Bilateral FTA Negotiation Started in 2007, First Negotiation
took Place in July 2007.
Till July 2007, Nine Round of Negotiation.
Foundational Principal of the Agreement: Human and Social
Right.

23. Reason to Oppose: FTA (INDIA)
 Fear of Lisbon Treaty: May use as Weapon. It Estd. The EU & treated
as its Constitution. So, European Parliament more power to supervise
the Trade than EU Commission.
 Inadequate Handling of Labour: Bounded Labour (Dalit & Adivasi),
Child Labour, Communities, Persecution of Religion Minorities,
Violence in Kashmir & Migrant Labours. All are non-Trade Issues.
These Thins can Manipulate India.
 Natural Disagree between Developed & Developing: Minimum
Wage, Workers Safety, GDP Growth & Merit of Permitting Voluntary
Child Labour.
 Jeopardise to Informal Sector: Risk to Street Hawkers, Retailers,
Agriculture Sector, Home-based Workers, Micro or Small Sector
business, Fisher Folk & Weak competitors.

24. Cont…
 Protection to Domestic Employment: (Intellectual Property
Right) Some industries Incapable to fight in Global Market. It
will cause high Structural Unemployment and it would be
Short Run for Social Cost.
 Worry for Manufacturing & Sun-rising Industries: No Job
Security due to availability of low cost of Labour Services in
Exporting Countries. EX: IT Sectors and Pharmaceuticals etc.
 Jeopardise to Banking Sector: EU wants to remove all
restriction on Banking License and Foreign Ownership (Public
& Private). No European Bank in Rural Area. So, No Service to
Poor people. Therefore, No basic Banking Service to 500
million people.

25. The21st Century TU Challenges in India
Uneven Growth of Unionism (No smooth Growth)
Small Size of Unions
Financial Weakness
Intra-Union Rivalry
Statutory Support and Leadership Issue. (Politicalisation)
Management Attitude
Democracy and Leadership
Illiteracy and Ignorance

26. What Type of Trade Should be for
India ? ? ?
European
Union
India
Free Trade
Developed
Countries

27. The End
Thanking You