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1. A project Report
On
CROSS CUT SHEAR MACHINE
By: - ABHISHEK KUMAR
SATYAM KUMAR
VIPLAV HALDER
ASHOK KUJUR
Under the guidance of:-
A.K. Jain (AGM of Plate Mill)
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical
Engineering in “BIRLA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY MESRA, PATNA CAMPUS”

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Though, we all team members have put the collective efforts in the project.
However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and
help of many individuals and SAIL BSP organization. We would like to
extend our sincere thanks to all of them.
We are highly indebted to A K JAIN AGM, PLATE MILL(MECHANICAL) &
V.SWAMIDAS DGM ,PLATE MILL (OPERATION) for his guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the
project & also for his support in completing the project. His sincere
sympathies and kind attitude always encouraged me to carry out the
present work firmly.
We would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to the
Employees & workers for giving us such attention.
Our thanks and appreciations also go to our colleagues in developing the
project and the people who have helped us out with their available
resources.
ABHISHEK KUMAR
VIPLAV HALDER
SATYAM KUMAR
ASHOK KUJUR

3. INDEX
1. BSP INTRODUCTION
2. DO’s & DON’Ts INSIDE BSP
3. OBJECTIVE
4. PLATE MILL INTRODUCTION
5. PROCESS FLOW IN PLATE MILL
6. CROSS CUT SHEAR MACHINE
7. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
8. DESIGN DESCRIPTION
9. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
10. REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF CROSS CUT
SHEAR MACHINE
11. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
12. CONCLUSIONS

4. INTRODUCTION AND ITS HISTORY
The Bhilai Steel Plant, located in Bhilai, in the Indian state of
Chhattisgarh, is India's first and main producer of steel rails,
as well as a major producer of wide steel plates and other
steel products. The plant also produces and markets various
chemical by-products from its coke ovens and coal chemical
plant. It was set up with the help of the USSR in 1955.
The eleven-time winner of the Prime Minister's Trophy for
best integrated steel plant in the country, Bhilai Steel Plant
(BSP), has been India's sole producer of rails and heavy steel
plates and major producer of structural steel. The plant is the
sole supplier of the country's longest rail tracks, which
measure 260 meters (850 ft.).
The plant also produces products such as wire rods and
merchant products. Bhilai Steel Plant has been the flagship
integrated steel plant unit of the Public Sector steel company,
the Steel Authority of India Limited and is its largest and
most profitable production facility. It is the flagship plant of
SAIL, contributing the largest percentage of profit.
The governments of India and the USSR entered into an
agreement, signed in New Delhi on 2 March 1955, for the
establishment of an integrated iron and steel works at Bhilai
with an initial capacity of one million tons of steel ingot.

5. The main consideration for choosing Bhilai was the
availability of iron ore at Dalli Rajhara, about 100 km from
the site; limestone from Nandini, about 25 km from the plant,
and dolomite at Hirri, about 140 km away.
The plant was commissioned with the inauguration of the
first blast furnace by then president of India, Dr. Rajendra
Prasad, on 4 February 1959. The plant was expanded to 2.5
million tons in September 1967 and a further expansion to 4
MT was completed in 1988. The main focus in the 4 MT
stage was the continuous casting unit and the plate mill, a
new technology in steel casting and shaping in India.
Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) has been India's sole producer of
rails and heavy steel plates and major producer of structural
steel.
BSP has taken measures in the areas of waste management,
resource utilization and pollution control and has initiated
several waste reduction programmes. Besides reducing
greenhouse gas output, BSP is replacing the ozone-depleting
CTC, aided by UNDP. BSP has earned Voluntary Emission
Reduction (VER), (a sort of carbon credit) for two of its
projects. Abiding by Corporate Responsibility for
Environment Protection (CREP) guidelines and monitoring,
it has taken steps to “check fugitive emissions from Coke
Ovens and has installed Air cooled self-sealing doors
resulting in significant reduction in door emissions”.

6. Do’s And Don’ts Inside BSP Area
Do’s
1. Always wear helmets & Safety shoes while entering plant.
2. Always wear chin strap with helmet.
3. Use safety shower & eye wash fountain in case of chemical
spill.
4. Report any fire accidents to fire station by telephone no.
“52222”
5. Break nearest manual call point in case of any emergency for
informing F&S.
7. Always run across the wind direction in case of gas leak.
Don’ts
1. Do not bring lighter and any burning item inside plant.
2. Do not bring mobile phones inside plant.
3. Do not ignore safety signs.
4. Do not block the roads Keep the roads free for vehicles.
5. Do not walk on pipelines.
6. Do not wear cloth that catches fire quickly.
7. Do not stand under suspended load.
8. Do not use short cut in the plant.

7.  To Study the
Kinematic Mechanism
Of Cross Cut Shear
Machine.

8. PLATE MILL INTRODUCTION
The first plate mill in India was established on 29th March
1983 in Bhilai steel plant by Shri Narendra kumar purshottam
salve. It has a capacity of producing 9,50000 tonnes.
The modern Plate Mill rolls out heavy and medium plates,
as well as those for pipe manufacturers. The thickness of
plates produced in this plate mill is around 8-120 mm, length
of the plates varies 5-12.5m and the width of plates is 1500-
3270mm. It has capacity to produce high pressure, boiler
quality and high tensile steels. Shipbuilding plates,
conforming to Lloyds specifications, and pressure vessel
boiler plates, conforming to various ASTM, ASME
standards, have withstood the challenges of nature and
time. Some of the unique features of the mill are on-line
finishing facilities and off-line normalizing facilities. Bhilai
has the widest plate mill in the country, and it uses
continuously cast slabs as input. Liquid steel produced
under controlled conditions in the LD Converters is
rinsed with argon gas to homogenies the composition as
well as to remove non-metallic inclusions before continuous
casting so as to ensure the production of high quality
feedstock for the Plate Mill. As per customer’s requirement
or specifications, plates are normalized in a roller hearth
normalizing furnace.

9. AREAS OF PLATE MILL
Plate mill is divided into main areas in which different operations take
place:-
 AREA 1
a. RHF operation
b. Mill operation
c. Mill mechanical
d. Mill electrical
 AREA 2
a. Finishing operation
b. Finishing mechanical
c. Auxiliary mechanical
d. Finishing electrical
 AREA 3
a. Normalizing operation
b. Normalizing mechanical
c. Normalizing electrical
d. Cranes mechanical
e. Common area
 HPF Operation
 Shipping area operation
 RGS/DRS/BIS
 Mechanical planning

10. PROCESSES OF PLATE MILL
Each operations of plate mill contains
a. Rolling
b. Finishing [Heavy plate finishing & light plate finishing]
c. Normalizing
d. Dispatch
Operations in Plate Mill
• Slab heating
• Descaling
• Rolling
• Hot Punching
• Levelling
• Cooling
• Visual inspection
• Identification marking
• Ultrasonic inspection
• Shearing to required size
• Normalizing
• Dispatch

11. (1) SLAB HEATING
In this process, Slabs are heated into required temperature.
a. Total number of furnace is 03.
b. Each furnace contains 2 rows.
c. Each row having 18 -20 slabs.
d. Maximum temperature is 1300⁰c.
NOTE - The total number of slab in each row varies according to
thickness of slab.

12. (2) DESCALING
In this process, pressurized water is used to remove the scale from
hot slab.
(3) ROLLING
Rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed
through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness and to
make the thickness uniform.
(4) HOT PUNCHING
In this process, a particular number is given to each plate.

13. (5) LEVELING
There are two types of leveler:-
a. Leveler 1:-
 Balanced by spring action
 Used for light duty
 Below 20 mm thickness plates is used
b. Leveler 2:-
 Balanced by hydraulic action
 20- 160 mm plate thickness is used
(6) COOLING
Cooling is done by two methods
a. Air cooling
b. Water cooling

14. (7) VISUAL INSPECTION
Visual Inspection of plates is done manually to detect the
cracks, impurities and sticking of chips in plates.
(8) ULTRASONIC INSPECTION
Done by Ultrasonic machine.
(8) SHEARING TO REQUIRED SIZE
Shearing of plates is done by two types of machine.
a. Trimming shear machine
b. Cross cut shear machine
(9) NORMALIZING
A heat treatment process that has the object of relieving internal
stresses, refining the grain size and improving the mechanical
properties. The steel is heated to 810-930⁰C according to analysis,
held at temperature to allow a full soak and cooled in air.

15. (10) DISPATCH
After all the operation, plates are supplied to the required customer
in required size. SAIL has a wide list of customers all over in India.
Some of these are Indian railway, defence, automobile, marine
containers, thermal power plant, etc.
CROSS CUT SHEAR MACHINE
It is used for cross-sectionally cutting of plates. It is used for plates
of thickness 8-40mm. For plates of thickness greater than 40 mm,
heavy plate cutting or gas welding is used and it is done manually.
ASSEMBLIES OF CROSS CUT SHEAR MACHINE
(1) CUTTING MECHANISM
 It contains 2 motor
(2) BLADES
 Contains two type of blades
1)Bottom Blade - This is always fixed.
2)Upper Blade - Moving in the reciprocating
motion.
NOTE: - The duration of blades replacement in cross cut machine is
15 days.

16. (3) HOLD DOWN MECHANISM
Its operation is at the time of cutting, it presses the plate from
bottom base.
(4) GAP ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM
 It is measured by dial gauge indicator (which sets
the gapping of knifes.)
 This gap is variable according to thickness of plates.
NOTE- if gap is not accurate, than edge cracking may be happens
during the cutting.
(5) TILTING ROLL TABLE
 For transporting the plates, after cutting by the blades
TECHNICAL CHARACTERSTICS
PARAMETERS
(a) Cross cut shears with rolling cut
1 Knives length 3700mm
2. Number of strokes 18/min
3. Maximum thickness of shear material 40mm
4. Maximum width of shear material 3450mm
5. Number of cuts with thickness 31-40 mm 8/min
6. Number of cuts with thickness upto 30mm 10/min
7. Knives opening 150mm
8. Tensile strength of sheared materials 100 Mpa
9. Elongation of sheared materials 30%
10 Main drive DC 2×530 KW
n=720rev/min
11. Drive for knife gap adjustment N=940rev/min

17. (b) TILTING TABLE WITH GROUP ROLLER TABLE
1. ROLLER AMPLITUDE UNDER THE PLATE 72mm
2. ROLLER AMPLITUDE ABOVE THE PLATE 20 mm
3. LENGTH OF TRAVEL 250mm
4. NUMBER OF ROLLERS 09
5. PITCH OF ROLLERS 600 mm
6. DIMENSION OF ROLLERS DIAMETER ×
LENGTH
400×3300
mm
7. DRIVE N= 25 kw
n=600rev/min
(c) PLATE END PUSH OFF DEVICE
1. MAXIMAL LENGTH OF ENDS 1200mm
2. FEED SPEED OF ARM 0.5 m/sec
(d) KNIFE DISPLACEMENT DEVICE
1. PULL FORCE IN THE ROPE 19000 N
2. DRIVE N= 2.2 KW n= 710 rev /min
3. GEAR RATIO I=25
4. PULL OUT SPEED V=83 mm/sec

18. (e) HYDRAULIC PRESSURE STATION
1. OPERATION LIQUID HYDRAULIC
OIL
2. MAXIMUM OPERATION PRESSURE 6.4 Mpa
3. RATED QUQNTITY SUPPLIED BY
PUMPS
2×63 l/min
4. POWER OF ELECTROMOTOR 2×11 KW
n=1450rev/min
5. VOLUME OF PRESSURE VESSEL 3×32 L/min
6. RATED EFFECTIVE TANK VOLUME 400 L
7. QUANTITY OF COOLING WATER 40 L/min
8. MAXIMAL SIZE OF IMPURITIES 0.1mm
(f) MEASURING ROLLER
1. DIAMETER OF MEASURING ROLLER 191 mm
2. STROKE OF ROLLER 135 mm
3. AIR PRESSURE FOR CYLINDER 0.4+ 0.6 Mpa
4. AIR CONSUMPTION FOR CYLINDER AND
BLOWING
2 /hour

19. DESCRIPTION OF THE EQUIPMENT
(a) CROSS CUT SHEARS WITH ROLLING CUT
Shears are compounded of a left hand and a right hand housing
that is connected in the lower part by a knife table and in the
upper part by the front wall. Between both housing in the space
above the sheared material is suspended a gear-box and a
platform with the drives.
These main parts are interconnected with bolts and make a
compact assembly.
Shearing mechanism consists of a cast steel slide with mobile
upper knife of arched form. The slide is guided in the direction
from the gear box to the front wall with the help of adjustable
key-type gibs .In the direction between both housings the slide is
ended with the shaped adapters .the track of adapters is followed
in motion of the slide by rollers having push-fit in the left hand
housing and tight-fit in the right hand housing. The slide is
suspended with the help of two connecting rods on two crank
shafts mounted in the gear box and front wall. This arrangement
of shearing mechanism enables, besides the basic stroke of the
upper knife, the gradual derolling of the upper knife in shearing
from left to right hand side.
Adjustable key-type gibs between the front wall, slide and gear
box are pushed by means of a motor over articulated shafts and
warm gear boxes, from the device for adjustment of a knife gap,
with the help of key type gibs the slide is shifted with the upper
knife horizontally towards the stable lower knife, in this way the
adjustment of knife gap can be made easily and quickly.

22. Its amount in mm can be read on the scale with indicator situated
on the shears .The retainer of the material has 5 cushioned shoes
that are mounted in the welded transverse girder. The transverse
girder is suspended with the help of two connecting rods on both
crankshafts. The thrust force is induced by Belleville washers
over the shoes of retainers, the gear box of the main drive has
running fit for all shafts .its housing has front wall and hubs of
cast steel , other wall are welded from plates.
(b)TILTING TABLE WITH GROUP ROLLER TABLE
The tilting table of the shears is made of welded beams,
interconnected by traverses. On this carrying structure are
mounted profiled rollers with group drive. Rollers are mounted in
antifriction bearings. The group drive is designed with bevel
gearings.
DC motors drives the driving shaft of the roller table over the
gear box and articulated shaft. The bearings that are on the side of
the drive are lubricated by the oil spray from bevel gears, the
bearings on the opposite side have grease filling.
The table with the roller table is supported on runners that are
inside in the shears. It is controlled with a lever system from
excentres on crankshafts of the shears for swinging motion down
and back. The distance from shearing plane from the centers line
of the first roller is 500mm.

25. (c) KNIFE DISPLACEMENT DEVICE
Knife displacement device consists of two coiling devices placed
on opposite side of shears. One coiling devices is behind the table
with rollers on a frame that is anchored into the foundation. The
second one on the bracket, fastened directly on the shears.
Coiling device is composed of a coiling drum driven by a motor
over bevel-spur gear box with a disengaging coupling.
(d) PLATE END PUSH OFF DEVICE
Plate-end push off device is mounted on the front wall of shears
and consists of 3 parts. The first part is composed of shaft, which
is mounted with push fit in two bearing brackets in the left hand
part of the shears; further of a lever welded on the shaft which is
supported in push-off shoe and of a hydraulic cylinder.
The second part is shaft with lever, which is supported with push-
fit in brackets on the right hand part of the shears, controlled by a
hydraulic cylinder. The lever with push-off shoe is
accommodated 250mm from the center of the shears.
On the shaft is mounted with push-fit a short hollow shaft that
makes the third part of the push-off device.
The hollow shaft with the lever and push-off shoe, located on the
right hand side of the shears, is controlled again with an
independent hydraulic cylinder.

27. (e) HYDRAULIC PRESSURE STATION
Hydraulic station works with accumulator drive. Pressure vessel
have task to accumulate larger quantity of oil and if needed to
supply it to the consumers. Simultaneously they act as an
absorbing element against the pressure shocks in the hydraulic
system. Bags of synthetic materials inside the pressure vessels are
filled with nitrogen.
Nitrogen filling shall be made according to producer’s
instructions. Vessels are prefilled with nitrogen.
(f) DEVICE FOR MARKING OF CUTTING PLANE
BY LUMINOUS LINE
It uses a device for illumination of knives, and the shadow under
the upper knife marks the cutting plane on the material or is used
an optical projector, whose luminous trace marks the cutting
plane 700 mm before the cutting edge.
(g) MEASURING ROLLER
Is mounted in antifriction bearings placed inside the mobile lever.
The stroke of the lever is controlled by a pneumatic cylinder. The
cylinder is equipped with a contactless breaker, which in rotation
of the roller transmits rectangular electrical impulses. The whole
device is accommodated on a plate, which is fastened on the
bracket in the shears.

28. DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTION
(a) CROSS CUT SHEARS WITH ROLLING CUT
Cross cut shear work in operation start–stop. Upper knife moves
from initial position in the direction down. The transverse girder
with retainers begins simultaneously to move, which steadily
presses the plate before the upper knife penetrates in material.
Upper knife derolls with a small overlap towards the lower knife
from left to right and gets back into the initial position.
After shearing off the material the transverse girder with retainers
come back into the initial position as well.
Both main motors start from rest for each cut and automatically
stopped, on the command of the programme switch, as soon as the
slide of the upper knife reaches its rest position again. Motors are
braked by countercurrent and by a mechanical brake. Against
dynamical overload the shears are secured by shearing pins located
in couplings of main motors.
After achieving kinematic of slide motion of upper knife is the
supporting rollers on the left hand side hydraulically pressed to the
slide, on the right hand side it is solid. Through the device for knife
gap adjustment is set such a gap between the knives, which
corresponds to the best quality of the cut. Its amount within the
range of 0+3 mm is determined in accordance with the thickness
and tensile strength of the material.

29. (b) TILTING TABLE WITH GROUP ROLLER TABLE
Tilting table is in its initial position in the level of the roller table.
Its motion is derived from the crankshafts and swings in
correspondence with the motion of the slide of the upper knife
under the level of the roller–table. For enlarging of the gap for
release of cuttings can be the whole table moved off by 250 mm
with the help of hydraulic cylinders. In dividing of long plates the
rollers of the tilting table transport the sheared-off material
further on in original direction. If it is necessary to return the
material back to the cutting edge of the knives, the tilting table is
lifted over the level of the roller-table. By means of plungers
fastened in the shears housings.
(c) PLATE-END PUSH OFF DEVICE
Plate ends upto the length of 1200 mm are pushed off by means
of arms of the push-off device. In the course of pushing-off of
uneven ends the push-off arms are controlled individually and at
the touch with the plates switched over for a common run. In
accordance with the width of plates is chosen for pushing-off the
collaboration of two side-arms, or of one side one with the middle
one, eventually of all 3 arms.

30. (d) KNIVES DISPLACEMENT DEVICE
Both knives even with the adapters are at the same time
exchanged after their loosening by means of a rope winches.
The winch in question is engaged by means of a push-button
located directly on the device.
(e) DEVICE FOR MARKING OF CUTTING PLANE
It is used in shearing of plates marked on the surface with a
straight line. In using the device for the illumination of the
knives the motion with material is made so that straight line
marked on it covers with the boundary of the light and shadow,
falling on material under the upper knife.
In using the optical projector, the motion with the material is
made so that the straight line marked on it covers with the
luminous line of the optical projector distant 700 mm before
the cutting edge of the knives.
(d) MEASURING ROLLER
Measured material begins to be transported after the setting of
the roller on the plate. Impulses from the measuring roller are
lead into the measuring device, which according to the number
of impulses evaluates the length of plates.

31. (a) CROSS CUT SHEARS :-
In operation at regular interval and during exchanges of
knives it is necessary to check the amount of wear of front
and back guide gibs. This is done through checking of the
gap increasing between knives. Gap may be regulated with
the help of keys. In case of excess wear is necessary to make
exchanges of these gibs. Leakage of the hydraulic cylinder
of the side guide way of the slide should be checked, also the
tightening of fastening bolts of knives and leakage of
hydraulic nuts should be checked. In gear-boxes of knives
gap adjustment and in couplings of the main drive, samples
of oil is taken off at regular intervals and on the basis of the
results of analysis its exchange is decided. At regular
intervals, the band brake of the main drive is checked and set
and cleaning and degreasing of the brake disk is made. It is
necessary as well to check accurate adjustment of cams
position of the sequence.

32. GRINDING OF KNIVES
Lower knife can be ground from all 4 sides. Upper knife is
usually ground only from two face (broader) sides. On the
narrow surface is so observed the original arch.
KNIVES EXCHANGE
In knives exchange are changed simultaneously both knives
together with adapters. Knives are connected with adapters with
short screws. In order to achieve the shortest time needed for
exchange, the adapters of upper and lower knife are tightened in
shear hydraulically.
FASTENING OF KNIVES ADAPTERS
After sliding-in of adapters with knives into the slide and knife
table, is connected the mobile hydraulic station in turns to
individual sections of pipings for knives fastening. Each section
of the pipings is clamped by 3 bolts at the same time.
Clamping bolts are provided with hydraulic and lock nuts. After
inlet of pressure oil the bolt is lengthened by 03 mm, which
shows as a clearance between the hydraulic and lock nut. This
clearance is eliminated by turning of the lock nut and pressure
oil can be let off. The pipings can be connected to the other
section. When loosening knives it is proceeded likewise.
Needed clamping pressure is 57 Mpa. In failing of hydraulic nut
it is possible to clamp the bolt directly with the lock nut by
turning moment of 550 Nm.

33. KNIVES REMOVAL
Knives removal is made in chronological sequence in this way:-
1. The slide of upper knife ride down in the horizontal
position.
2. Horizontal gap between knives is set for minimum.
3. On the left and right-hand face of adapters are mounted on
holders.
4. Adjusting screws to be supported on the upper knife and
slightly tightened.
5. Loosen the hydraulically pre-stressed bolts of knives.
6. Ropes of the winding device to be suspended on hooks of
holders and disengage the clutch on the winding device.
7. By means of the winding device to pull knives on the table
of dismantling device.
KNIVES MOUNTING
New pair of knives with adapters ready beforehand and
connected with holders is placed on the table of dismantling
device and drawn into the shears with a rope. Further assembly
proceeds in reverse sequence than dismantling.

34. (b) TILTING TABLE WITH GROUP ROLLER-TABLE
At regular interval check the state of lever-type transmision
and thrust rods. Check tightness of hydraulic cylinders. Once
a month grease the grease-nipple of hand-operated greasing
system. In the bevel-gear case and the gear-box of the drive
of the drive check the level of lubrication oil and at regular
intervals take off samples of oil and according to the analysis
decide its exchange. It is necessary at regular intervals to
exchange the oil filling in the claw clutch.
(c) PLATE-END PUSH-OFF DEVICE
At regular intervals, minimally half a year grease the hand-
greased points. It is necessary as well to check the
accurate setting and function of limit switches.
(d) KNIFE DISMANTLING DEVICE
Once half a year hand-grease the grease points. Check the
rope and change it if needed. Take off sample of oil from
gear-boxes at regular intervals and change if needed

35. HYDRAULIC SYSETEM
Hydraulic station works with accumulator drive. There are 3
accumulates which has the task to accumulate larger quantity
of oil (37L each) and if needed to supply the consumer.
Each synthetic material in the accumulator are (1) and (2)
are profiled with Nitrogen for presser of 44Mpa and accumulator
for pressure of 29MPa. All the three accumulators is refilled by a
large container. The container is filled by central tanking and by
funnel tanking.
In the diagram, two types of lines indicates the supply of oil
different consumer. The continuous and dark one denotes the
supply of oil from container and from the accumulators to
the different consumer and discontinuous line denotes the
return of the oil from the consumer to container.
The station is equipped with two gear- wheel pumps. The
gear-wheel pump (1) runs continuously, while the gear-wheel
pump(2) is a reserve. The pressure check starting and switching
off the pumps is secured by electrohydraulic break which is
operated at a pressure of 64Mpa and further gives impulse
for switching off the magnet of electromagnetic pass-value.

37. The pumps suck the oil from the container. If the pressure,
due to the switching –on of some consumer decreases
or due to some leakage under 59.5Mpa.
The contact of the pressure switch engages the magnet of the
by-pass valve, which closes and changes the delivery of the
pump(1) into the presser branch. Oil streams into accumulators
as long as it reach the original amount 59.5Mpa.
When the presser in the accumulators rises over 59.5Mpa than the
accumulators rises over 59.5Mpa than the excess oil returns
to the container via safety valve.
If the presser of the any reason drops the amount 39Mpa,
both pumps are switched off to rest by means of contact breaker
set for this pressure and warning signal is switch-on.
Reduction value serves for decreasing of pressure delivered by
the pressure station down to the amount of 39MPa needed for
pressure cylinder. This circuit is as well provided with
accumulator (3). Safety valve located in the combined block of
this accumulator, is set for pressure 49Mpa.

38. SAFTY PROTECTION
(1) Footplates on the machine are provided with
protective railings.
(2) Rotating and dangerous part after provided with
safety coloured marking in the Czechoalovac
Standards (CSN).
(3) The controls of the shears in the course of operation
are controlled from the stand located in the safe
distance.
(4) The customer is obliged to install protective
equipment round the shears corresponding to safety
regulations.

39. CONCLUSIONS
Engineering students gain theoretical knowledge
through books. It is volatile and not of much use
without knowing its practical implementation.
Training is one of the important aspects for an
Engineering students carrier to strengthen the
practical concepts.
It was an awesome experience in training as the
things we all learnt in our previous months was
seen implemented practically. We got to see the
live performing equipment and operation like
Cross Cut machining, Descaling, Rolling, Hot
Punching, Levelling, Cooling etc.