Malignant bone tumors- clinical presentation, epidemiology, pathological findings, radiological findings, cases
Includes osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma in detail.
6. OSTEOSARCOMA
•Most common primary
malignant bone tumor
• Characterized by formation of bone matrix or osteoid
by malignant tumor cells (osteoblast proliferation)
• Stains positive for Alkaline phosphatase and
osteonectin
7. Clinical Presentation
• 10-20 years
Age
• Metaphyses of long bones
Location
• Germline mutation
• Rb gene mutation, TP53 mutation
Genetic (Pathogenesis)
8. Gross and microscopy
•Bulky, gritty and gray-
white
GROSS
•New bone/ osteoid
formation(Single
diagnostic feature)
•Lace like pattern
MICROSCOPY
10. • Codman triangle, indicates aggressive tumor(Characteristic but not diagnostic)
11. CASE 1(mcq)
A 20 year old man presented with progressive swelling of
lower end of femur. X-ray shows a characteristic codmans
triangle and CT shows osteoblastic metastasis. Which of
the following is associated with a high risk of the given
clinical condition?
A. Translocation (12:16)
B. Germline mutation of Rb
C. Translocation (x;18)
D. 1p rearrangements
12. CASE 1(mcq)
A 20 year old man presented with progressive swelling of
lower end of femur. X-ray shows a characteristic codmans
triangle and CT shows osteoblastic metastasis. Which of
the following is associated with a high risk of the given
clinical condition?
A. Translocation (12:16)
B. Germline mutation of Rb
C. Translocation (x;18)
D. 1p rearrangements
13. CHONDROSARCOMA
•Malignant tumor of connective tissue
• Sometimes resides
in medullary cavity
of bone
(distinguish this
from
osteochondroma)
14. Clinical Presentation
• 45-60 years
Age
• Pelvis, ribs, sternum, shoulder
Location
• Chr1p re-arrangement, EXT gene mutation
• IDH1 and IDH2(sporadic)
• COL2A1 mutation, Silencing of CDKN2A tumor
suppressor gene
Genetic (pathogenesis)
Painful, progressively enlarging masses
15. GROSS
• Large bulky tumors
• Nodules of greyish white/
light blue transluscent
glistening areas
MICROSCOPY
• Pleomorphic chondrocytes
• Cartilagenous matrix
• Lack of new bone formation
16. Radiological
Presentation
•Shows tumor in medullary cavity
•Poorly defines borders
•Calcified matrix = foci of flocculent densities
with ring like ossifications
•Popcorn calcification
17. CASE 2
A 45 year old female presented with increasing pain and
swelling around the knee. She mentioned that the
symptoms had progressed over a 4-month period.
Pathologic finding in high power view is given below .
DIAGNOSIS?
18. CASE 2
A 45 year old female presented with increasing pain and
swelling around the knee. She mentioned that the
symptoms had progressed over a 4-month period.
Pathologic finding in high power view is given below .
CHONDROSARCOMA
19. EWING’S SARCOMA
•Characterized by primitive round cells without obvious
differentiation.
• IHC marker for EWS
• CD99 or mic 2
• EWS= Undifferentiated tumor
• PNET (Primitive neuroectodermal tumor)= neural
differentiation.
22. • Soft, grayish white/ tan- white
• Frequently areas of hemorrhage
and necrosis are also seen.
GROSS
• Small, round, blue cells, scanty
cytoplasm(rich in glycogen)
• PAS stain positive
• along with rosettes(HOMER
WRIGHT)
MICROSCOPY
25. CASE 3 (mcq)
A 10 year old boy presents with fever
and swelling right mid thigh which is
warm and tender. X-rays show a
destructive lytic tumor with permeative
margins that extend into the
surrounding soft tissues with onion skin
appearance. Biopsy is shown.
Diagnosis?
26. CASE 3 (mcq)
A 10 year old boy presents with fever
and swelling right mid thigh which is
warm and tender. X-rays show a
destructive lytic tumor with permeative
margins that extend into the
surrounding soft tissues with onion skin
appearance. Biopsy is shown.
EWING’S SARCOMA