3. Retaining wall parts
• Definitions of retaining wall parts are :
• (i) The base slab constitutes the slab, or footing, on which the wall rests,
• (ii) The stem is the wall itself, the face of the wall is either the exposed portion
(front face) or the portion against which the backfill rests (back face),
• (iii) The toe is the portion of the base slab which extends beyond the front face of
the wall,
• (iv) The heel is that portion of the base slab which extends away from the back face
of the wall. Toe and heel are also used to denote the extreme forward and rear parts
of the base slab, respectively
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36. REFERENCES
1]Tamadher abood, Haten E. Younis Eldawi, Faeza R. Elnaji Abdulrahim, “Design of Cantilever retaining
wall with 4m height ”, Imternational journal of civil and structural engineering research, vol. 3, April 2015, pp
318-32
2] Shravya Donkada and Devdas Menon, “Optimal design of reinforced concrete retaining walls”, The
Indian concrete journal. April 2012, page 9-18
3] Swati Nagare, Rutuja Shinde, Sushma Ladkat and Komal Mahisare, “Case study of retaining wall”,
April 2017
4] Yash Chaliawala, Gunvant Solanki, Anuj K. Chandiwala, “Comparative study of cantilever and counter
fort retaining wall”, International journal of advanced engineering and research development, Vol. 2, Dec.
2015, pp. 221-224
