Paper 10

EEEEEnvironmental PPPPPollution CCCCControl JJJJJournal Vol. 18, No. 6 Sep - Oct '2015 59
An Exhaustive GAP- Analysis
& Comparison of Lighting
Ergonomics spanning across
industries in Uttarakhand ( a
newly developed state of
India) with reference to IS
3646 (PART-
1):1992.Shortcomings
This paper embodies thorough
exploration work by means of
scientific methodology i.e. by
means of recording and
checking of results crosswise
over different commercial
enterprises of Uttrakhand and
supplementing the study results
through graphical
representation. This will toss
some light into the knowledge
of present situations of lighting
ergonomics over various
commercial ventures and their
comparison with health impacts
and rendering them with built
arrangements.
by:
Dr. Nihal Anwar Siddiqui,Dr. Nihal Anwar Siddiqui,Dr. Nihal Anwar Siddiqui,Dr. Nihal Anwar Siddiqui,Dr. Nihal Anwar Siddiqui,
Soumyadeep Baksi andSoumyadeep Baksi andSoumyadeep Baksi andSoumyadeep Baksi andSoumyadeep Baksi and
Abhinav SrivastavaAbhinav SrivastavaAbhinav SrivastavaAbhinav SrivastavaAbhinav Srivastava
from: University of PetroleumUniversity of PetroleumUniversity of PetroleumUniversity of PetroleumUniversity of Petroleum
& Energy Studies, Dehradun& Energy Studies, Dehradun& Energy Studies, Dehradun& Energy Studies, Dehradun& Energy Studies, Dehradun
Introduction
The state of Uttarakhand was affirmed
as the 27th state of the democratic
republic of India on 9th November 2000.
It was the result of the fragmentation of
Uttar Pradesh - the largest state in India
(93,933 sq miles) as per as National
Informatics Center. The heavenly state
has huge potential of natural resources
in the form of glaciers, rivers, dense
forestry, and plenty of precious ore
deposits. Presently Uttarakhand
comprises of two major apex district
divisions: Garhwal Divion and Kumaoun
Division and each of them has 7 and 6
districts respectively under their belt.
Dehradun being the capital of the infant
state has transformed itself into a highly
dynamic area where both urbanization
and industrialization has been growing
in leaps and bounds. In order to cater to
the needs of the exponentially increasing
population large manufacturing facilities
has been set up in the regions of
Dehradun, Haridwar, Rudrapur, Udham
Singh Nagar, Kotdwar, Haldwani,
Sitarganj, Kashipur, Chamoli,
Pithoragarh, Nainital, Champawat and
many more to name. Commercial
enterprises that have sprung up in the
above mentioned regions constitute of
pharmaceutical, vehicle manufacturing
divisions, fast moving consumer good
divisions, pulp and paper industries,
cosmetic industries, electronics etc.
Since the present government's major
thrust is on equitable distribution of
resources thus Uttarakhand has also
been on the receiving end like other
states and hence has seen a huge
investment in state development
activities, whether to emancipate the
infrastructure facilities or to develop the
financial position of the state. The
paramount year of the state saw an
investment of Rs 3493.97 Crores INR,
and generated an employment
opportunity of 9492 and with each year
this has been increasing and till the last
year the investment statistics in heavy,
medium and small scale industries has
been overwhelming at Rs 17493.60
Crores INR and the employment
generated was around 53396 (as per as
Directorate of Industries, Uttarakhand

EEEEEnvironmental PPPPPollution CCCCControl JJJJJournal Vol. 18, No. 6 Sep - Oct '201560
Govt). Now with the evolution of so
much of human resources at hand and
with the day to day advancement in
technology, the risk associated with
damage to life, property and
environment are escalating day by day.
There are numerous Occupational Safety
& Health (OS&H) issues that needs to be
addressed for instance air quality, water
quality, noise, fugitive emission
monitoring,fireandsafetyrelatedissues,
lighting ergonomics etc. for the welfare
of the man force at work and to
demonstrate the responsibility of being
a citizen of the nation who never tries to
become capitalistic at the expense of his
human resource getting neglected.
Federation of Indian Chamber of
Commerce (FICCI) had conducted a
Indian Risk Survey in 2012 according to
which Fire Accidents occupied the 3rd
spot with 9.66% of the total accidental
losses while Accidents accounted for
7.37% receiving the 10th position and
Workplace Violence accounted for 5.14%
striving for the 12th position in the
graphical blueprint (Refer Diagram -1 of
Annexure- I).
Among the several occupational safety
health & environmental issues, lighting
ergonomics seems to be a potboiler when
the curtain is being raised to
comprehend the issues which have
resulted in industrial accidents. In due
course of time this paper will clearly give
an insight of global standardizations for
the lighting ergonomics that needs to be
followed and through the process of GAP
ANALYSIS will clearly state the
consequence of such and thereafter the
after effect.
Intellect of Lighting
Ergonomics
The Human Eye
The availability of light or when we talk
of quantifying light (in luminous
intensity) i.e. in Candela, in office
facilities or industrial facilities in fact
plays a pivotal role in determining the
accident scenarios of that area under
consideration. It has been scientifically
established that of all sense organ
humans perceive maximum through the
sense of sight which accounts for nearly
85%. The commencement of a work is
generally from the anatomy of human
eye and the perception of Human
signals. The Retina of the eye is provided
with a dynamic complex structure
comprising of 7 million cones and 150
million rods. Cones allows us to perceive
accurate coloured view during daytime,
when our pupils are tight and shades of
grey during night time when pupils are
dilated while rods are rods are much
sensitive to blue wavelength. (Refer
Figure -2 of Annexure - I).
Ergonomic Criterion for
Illumination-
Whenever we mention the principle
elements of lighting, such as direction,
brightness, glare we need to judiciously
disintegrate the above factors under
visual comfort, visual performance and
visual environment. Thus moving into
the depth of lighting ergonomics in
industries an important phenomenon
needs to be addressed too. It is evident
from the graph that adaptation time of
sunshine to light levels in office interiors
or plants lasts around 5 minutes.
Industries Covered
and Data
Corresponding Data
Acquisition
The prime objective of the project/
research was to find out the loop holes
in lighting ergonomics adapted for
workers in various industries of
Uttarakhand with exhaustive data
acquisition and analysis being added to
draw the GAP between the illumination
levels with respect to reference standards
and to suggest corrective action/
preventive actions to prevent the
industries to suffer from futuristic
lighting ergonomic related accidents.
This research paper comprises the data
of 7 industries comprising of:
● Pharmaceutical / Chemical
industries.
● Electronic Industries.
● Leather Industry.
● Food Processing Industry.
● Automobile Industry
● Pulp & Paper Industry.
● Textile Industry.
Identification of Industries
An encyclopedic study was led to acquire
information with respect to the
Occupational Health & Safety issues in
businesses, therapeutic reconnaissance
(medical surveillance) and wellness for
work. Particular writings, identifying
with the therapeutic observation
instrument are looked for from books
and articles from universal, state and
parastatal foundations, national diaries,
and contemporary distributions
pertaining to:
● Department of Health.
● The Department of Labour.
Grouping of Industries
The study inculcated businesses facilities
situated in and around Dehradun,
Haridwar, Kashipur and Rudrapur areas
of Uttarakhand. The grouping was done
by defining the operational area as
follows:
● Dividing into regions if workplaces
are spread out over a large area.
● Further subdividing the work place
into functional areas.
● Taking up each area separately with
the help of representative who knows
the process and jig-saw it into
workable pieces depending upon the
process involved and also the
physical juxta position of structural
units.
● Drawing an area map of the area
decided upon.
● Conducting walk through surveys.
Procedure of
Monitoring
A lux meter is a gadget for measuring

luminous intensity, particularly, the
power with which the splendor seems to
the human eye. This is not quite the same
as estimations of the real light vitality
created by or reflected from an article or
light source. The lux is a unit of
estimation of shine, or all the more
precisely, luminance. It eventually gets
from the candela, the standard unit of
estimation for the force of light. A
candela is a settled sum, generally
proportionate to the splendor of one
light. While the candela is a unit of
vitality, it has a comparable unit known
as the lumen, which measures the same
light as far as its observation by the
human eye. One lumen is identical to the
light created in one heading from a light
source appraised at one candela. The lux
considers the surface range over which
this light is spread, which influences how
splendid it shows up. One lux breaks
even with one lumen of light spread over
a surface one square meter.
Data Acquisition
Readings of Pharmaceutical
Industry) - As shown in
adjoining figures.
GAP Analysis, Effect,
Recommendations
(Data
Interpretation)
GAP-Analysis
According to IS 3646 (Part-1):1992,
which gives the ordered stipulated
scopes of the different lux levels (force
of light),hence beginning from
Pharmaceutical Industry, when we
initiate examining the outcomes we find
that the standard lux levels which is
alluded by the IS-3646 ( Part-1):1992 in
this particular industry ranges from
(300-500-750 lux) , while the stipulated
results as got are ranging from (100-200
lux) and a top at 550 lux in the gathering
(for Pharmaceutical Industry -I).
When we bounce to information
procurement of the 2nd Pharmaceutical
Industry, it is by and large watched the
Industry -1 (Pharmaceutical / Chemical Industry)
N.B. In an overall thirteen industries of pharmaceuticals were taken but the data that has
been put up in this paper incubates only those among the thirteen which reflected significant
statistics else of the readings were more or less of same levels.
Industry -2 (Pharmaceutical/Chemical Industry)
Industry -3 (Pharmaceutical/Chemical Industry)
light levels range between (100-200 Lux)
at the granulation pressing territory and
quality control region separately, while
the crest brightening is recorded at
Reception zone - 800 Lux.
The third perusing (3rd Pharmaceutical
Industry) times at a normal of (50-150
Lux), while the crest perusing is seen at
325 Lux at Diesel Generator set Zone. Its
truly clear that because of absence of

fitting light different ergonomic
wellbeing issues can manifest. Anxiety,
Strain, Fatigue finish the graph with
insights continually expanding.
GAP Analysis, Effect,
Recommendations of
Electronics Industry
(Data
Interpretation)
GAP Analysis
As per as IS 3436 (Part -1):1992 the
illumination required for an electronics
manufacturing and assembling division
is quoted at (500-750-1000) Lux in the
assembling section and the inspection
levels are quoted at (750-1000-1500)
Lux. In the areas of Circuit Protection
assembly, main assembly line, where
there is extreme precise work needs to
be performed have been observed with
illumination levels so low as (150-200)
Lux. The areas designated as Riverting
Area, Blenz Socket Live, Schlatter
Welding Area have been diagnosed with
extreme low illumination levels too of
(100-150) Lux. While for Equipment
manufacturer (300-1500 Lux) is
recommended for silk screening
divisions, hand insertion of components,
soldering & inspection sections. The 2nd
Industry luminosity readings were
observed in the ranges of (100-200 Lux)
whiles the peak reading was observed at
Assembly Line 1.
GAP Analysis of Food
Processing Industry
(Data
Interpretation)
GAP Analysis
While we note down the readings of the
corresponding illumination of the food
processing industry the lux levels are
clocked at remarkably high levels of
(500-700 Lux)at the areas of Air Dryer
area, Individual Quick Frozen Area,
Granulation area respectively, whereas
there are extreme low levels of
Readings of Electronics Industry
Industry -1(Electronics Industry)
Industry - 2(Electronics Industry)
Readings of Food Processing Industry
and this reflects the proper lighting
ergonomics that's prevalent in the food
processing industry at certain regions
whereas in the AC plant region, Go-
Down area and Reception lacks proper
illumination levels that too far below the
recommended levels.
illuminations observed at AC plant, Go
down Area and Reception respectively
which ranges at (0-100 Lux). While
comparing with the IS-3646 (Part
1):1992 the ranges lie in the ranges of
(300-500-750-1050 Lux) respectively.
So in this case the GAPs are quite less

The car business is confronting intense
rivalry and serious financial imperatives.
Their items need to be planned "right the
first run through" with the right blends
of elements that fulfill the clients as well
as ceaselessly please and pleasure them
by giving expanded usefulness, solace,
accommodation, wellbeing, and
craftsmanship. In view of the creator's
forty or more years of experience as a
human components specialist, designer,
administrator, and instructor who has
directed various studies and
investigations, Ergonomics in the
Automotive Design Process covers the
whole scope of ergonomics issues
included in planning an auto or truck
and gives assessment procedures to stay
away from excessive slip-ups and
guarantee high consumer loyalty.
GAP Analysis of
Automobile Industry
(Data
Interpretation)
GAP Analysis
While commencing the GAP analysis of
the above mentioned automobile
industry, we need to segregate the areas
primarily which are of priority than the
area of least importance. For instance
Rework Line, Stations, Engine lifting,
Ball Press Crank Press needs enhanced
illumination for work of extreme
precision.
GAP Analysis of Pulp
& Paper Industry
(Data
Interpretation)
GAP Analysis
Approaching to the readings of the pulp
and paper industry it is clearly states as
per as IS-3646 ( Part-1): 1992, that in
areas of automatic processing,
inspection and printing area associated
printing area the illumination needs to
be in the range of (150-250-500 Lux),
hence while comparing the above graph
with the stipulated readings we find that
in that in the areas of Paper testing room
, Drier areas, Accounts are ranging from
Readings of Food Automobile Industry (Industry-1)
Readings of Automobile Industry (Industry-2)
Readings of Paper & Pulp Industry (Industry-1)
Readings of Textile Industry (Industry-1)

(200-300 Lux) with the peak reading
obtained at Paint shop with 800 Lux. So
final remarks will be the ergonomic
lighting facilities have reached a
standard as prescribes though there are
regions of improvement in the other
designated areas.
Results and
Discussions
The light monitoring results in all the
units were below the specified range as
per the work being performed. It is an
obvious and concreted by scientific
studies across the globe that poor
lighting facilities in any sort of a business
enterprise has a tremendous detrimental
effects on the occupational health of the
workers at that working station.
Numerous cases have been observed
involving in accidents related to
improper lighting ergonomics. These
include:
1. Stress
2. Improper visibility
3. Glare
4. Strain
5. Accidents due to low productivity
7. High human error rates
8. Inability to match or select correct
colors
9. Headache
10. Reduction in mental alertness
11. General malaise
12. Low employee morale. Etc.
Thus it is advisable to the industries
above taken into account; to acquire the
proper lightings as prescribed by the
recommended code in order to reduce
the problems cropped and hence provide
a much better environment to the work
force as they are the building pillars of
the nation.
References
1. Visual ergonomics in the Workplace,
Jeffrey R. Anshel, OD.
2. IS-3646-1992 (Part -I), Code of
Practice for Interior Illumination.
3. Ergonomics of Light, Ranko Skansi.
4. Ergonomics design on the work
stress outcomes, Jurnal
Kemanusiaan bil.9, Jun 2007,Zafir
Mohamed Makhbul, Durrishah
Idrus, Mat Rebi Abdul Rani.
5. Industrial lighting and productivity,
Industrial lighting and productivity,
Ir.W.J.M. van Bommel, Ir. G.J. van
den Beld, Ir. M.H.F. van Ooyen.
6. National Informaics Center
Database.
7. Directorate of Industries, Govt of
Uttarakhand database.
About the authors:
Dr Nihal Anwar Siddiqui,
Sr. Associate Professor and Head
(Department of Health Safety &
Environment)
University of Petroleum & Energy
Studies, Dehradun
Soumyadeep Baksi,
Assistant Professor
Environment)
Studies, Dehradun
and
Abhinav Srivastava
PhD Scholar
Environment)
Studies, Dehradun

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