This study examines Triple Bottom Line Accounting on Financial Performance of Quoted Industrial Goods Production firms in Nigeria. The sample comprises of 11 manufacturing firms Quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange NSE , covering the period of 2013 to 2017 five years. The combination of 11 firms for a five years period provides a balanced panel of observations for analysis using a cross sectional and ex post facto research design. Triple Bottom Line Accounting measures, are Economic cost, Social cost, and Environmental cost. Financial Performance measure was Market Value Per Share. The postulated hypotheses were tested, using ordinary least square method of Multiple Regression Analysis. The empirical results states that, the r squared of 0.38 suggest that our regression model, which regressed Triple Bottom Line Accounting indicators on Financial Performance of Quoted Industrial Goods Production Firms in Nigeria is well fitted. The outcome is 38 and the probability value of f statistics is significant at 1 supporting the credibility of the regression equation. This shows the ability of the selected explanatory variables to predict the changes that occur in Financial Performance of quoted industrial goods production firms in Nigeria. Based on the above findings, we recommend that, regulatory authorities, such as the Financial Reporting Council FRC , Nigeria Stock Exchange NSE and Securities and Exchange Commission SEC to issue out necessary compliance directives and improve their compliance monitoring mechanisms to ensure a reasonable level of compliance by all companies to present their account reports in compliance with triple bottom line accounting pattern. Laime Isaac Odogu | Pereowei Anderson Obalakumo | Timinipre Joseph Okpobo "Triple Bottom Line Accounting on Financial Performance of Quoted Industrial Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31844.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/31844/triple-bottom-line-accounting-on-financial-performance-of-quoted-industrial-goods-firms-in-nigeria/laime-isaac-odogu
Green Accounting and Firm Performance in NigeriaYogeshIJTSRD
This study examines the impact of green accounting on firm performance in Nigeria. TobinQ was use to measure the firm value. The study selected 72 manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange that disclosed green accounting information in line with GRI 4. Ex post facto research design was used and secondary data were collected from annual report of sampled firms from 2012 2019. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and correlation analysis while pooled ordinary least squared regression was employed to test formulated hypotheses. From the analysis it was discovered that material and energy disclosure have positive and significant effect on firm performance. Based on these findings, the study recommends that company’s should develop policy concerning materials used to produce and package company’s primary product and services during the reporting period and firms should also make their operation more sustainable by reporting on their energy consumption and energy efficiency policy being aware of it’s in becoming accountable and responsible. Okoli Pamela. C | Onuora J. K. J | Emeka- Nwokeji, N. A "Green Accounting and Firm Performance in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45057.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/45057/green-accounting-and-firm-performance-in-nigeria/okoli-pamela-c
Public Sector Productivity: The case of Management Assistant Service of Minis...paperpublications3
This document summarizes a research study that examined factors affecting workforce productivity in Sri Lanka's public sector, specifically within the Ministry of Public Administration and Home Affairs. The study aimed to identify factors influencing individual productivity and propose measures to improve it. A survey was conducted of 100 management assistants within the Ministry.
The results of the survey found that individual characteristics, job characteristics, supervision, communication, training, and work environment were significantly associated with productivity. Regression analysis showed these six factors explained 80.5% of the variance in public sector productivity. The study provides recommendations to Sri Lanka's public sector to improve employee productivity by focusing on these factors.
This document summarizes a research article about the level of employment in agriculture and its role in reducing long-term unemployment in Azerbaijan. It finds that agriculture has historically been one of the largest employers in Azerbaijan, accounting for 36-38.9% of employment from 2003-2019. It calculates Azerbaijan's long-term unemployment rate from 2005-2017 to be between 2.6-2.95% using official statistical data. The research also examines programs in other countries to combat long-term unemployment through increasing agricultural employment and proposes introducing training programs in Azerbaijan to help reduce unemployment.
This study investigates the role of private sector innovation and entrepreneurship in reducing poverty. It uses data from 58 countries from 2001 to 2008 to examine the relationship between two proxies of innovation and entrepreneurship - worldwide patent applications and business registrations - and measures of poverty. Regression estimates and scatter plots indicate that higher levels of innovation and entrepreneurship are associated with significantly lower poverty rates. Furthermore, poverty is reduced to a greater extent when innovation interacts with and enhances entrepreneurship. The study concludes that promoting innovation and enterprise development through public policy can play a key role in stimulating economic growth and alleviating poverty in developing countries.
This document discusses a study examining the link between institutions and industrial development across Indian states. It analyzes three major components of institutions: legal institutions, state intervention, and political institutions. The study uses data on state GDP growth and industrial development levels across states to empirically test the significance of each institutional component in explaining variations. The results suggest state intervention significantly explains GDP growth variation, while all three institutional components highly significantly explain differences in industrial development levels across Indian states. The study aims to analyze the role of different institutional components in state-level industrial development using regression analysis.
Environmental Cost Disclosure and Corporate Performance of Quoted Foods and B...YogeshIJTSRD
This study examined the effect of environmental cost disclosure on the performance of quoted food and beverage firms in Nigeria. Specifically, it analyzed how environmental restoration costs and pollution control costs impact return on assets. The study utilized a sample of 9 food and beverage firms out of 12 total. Data was collected from 2010 to 2019 and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that environmental restoration costs and pollution control costs did not have a significant effect on return on assets. Therefore, it was recommended that firms implement greener techniques to both protect the environment and increase return on assets.
This document examines the impact of capital accumulation on labor productivity growth in Nigeria from 1970-2014. It finds that:
1) Education and health expenditures' impact on labor productivity growth depends on the time period, while health expenditures positively impact productivity and compensation to employees negatively impacts it.
2) Both physical and human capital accumulation in Nigeria have been volatile and generally low over the study period, constraining productivity and output growth.
3) The determinants of labor productivity growth examined include human capital accumulation, physical capital accumulation, real wages, and technology, based on endogenous growth and efficiency wage theories.
The document discusses the role of the Torban Anfillo Cooperative Union in the coffee value chain in Kellem Wollega, Ethiopia. The union plays a weak role due to socio-economic factors, organizational issues, and financing and marketing constraints. The performance of the cooperative union and its ability to support farmers could be improved through greater support from governmental and non-governmental organizations in providing finance, education, training, and consultancy services.
Green Accounting and Firm Performance in NigeriaYogeshIJTSRD
This study examines the impact of green accounting on firm performance in Nigeria. TobinQ was use to measure the firm value. The study selected 72 manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange that disclosed green accounting information in line with GRI 4. Ex post facto research design was used and secondary data were collected from annual report of sampled firms from 2012 2019. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and correlation analysis while pooled ordinary least squared regression was employed to test formulated hypotheses. From the analysis it was discovered that material and energy disclosure have positive and significant effect on firm performance. Based on these findings, the study recommends that company’s should develop policy concerning materials used to produce and package company’s primary product and services during the reporting period and firms should also make their operation more sustainable by reporting on their energy consumption and energy efficiency policy being aware of it’s in becoming accountable and responsible. Okoli Pamela. C | Onuora J. K. J | Emeka- Nwokeji, N. A "Green Accounting and Firm Performance in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45057.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/45057/green-accounting-and-firm-performance-in-nigeria/okoli-pamela-c
Public Sector Productivity: The case of Management Assistant Service of Minis...paperpublications3
This document summarizes a research study that examined factors affecting workforce productivity in Sri Lanka's public sector, specifically within the Ministry of Public Administration and Home Affairs. The study aimed to identify factors influencing individual productivity and propose measures to improve it. A survey was conducted of 100 management assistants within the Ministry.
The results of the survey found that individual characteristics, job characteristics, supervision, communication, training, and work environment were significantly associated with productivity. Regression analysis showed these six factors explained 80.5% of the variance in public sector productivity. The study provides recommendations to Sri Lanka's public sector to improve employee productivity by focusing on these factors.
This document summarizes a research article about the level of employment in agriculture and its role in reducing long-term unemployment in Azerbaijan. It finds that agriculture has historically been one of the largest employers in Azerbaijan, accounting for 36-38.9% of employment from 2003-2019. It calculates Azerbaijan's long-term unemployment rate from 2005-2017 to be between 2.6-2.95% using official statistical data. The research also examines programs in other countries to combat long-term unemployment through increasing agricultural employment and proposes introducing training programs in Azerbaijan to help reduce unemployment.
This study investigates the role of private sector innovation and entrepreneurship in reducing poverty. It uses data from 58 countries from 2001 to 2008 to examine the relationship between two proxies of innovation and entrepreneurship - worldwide patent applications and business registrations - and measures of poverty. Regression estimates and scatter plots indicate that higher levels of innovation and entrepreneurship are associated with significantly lower poverty rates. Furthermore, poverty is reduced to a greater extent when innovation interacts with and enhances entrepreneurship. The study concludes that promoting innovation and enterprise development through public policy can play a key role in stimulating economic growth and alleviating poverty in developing countries.
This document discusses a study examining the link between institutions and industrial development across Indian states. It analyzes three major components of institutions: legal institutions, state intervention, and political institutions. The study uses data on state GDP growth and industrial development levels across states to empirically test the significance of each institutional component in explaining variations. The results suggest state intervention significantly explains GDP growth variation, while all three institutional components highly significantly explain differences in industrial development levels across Indian states. The study aims to analyze the role of different institutional components in state-level industrial development using regression analysis.
Environmental Cost Disclosure and Corporate Performance of Quoted Foods and B...YogeshIJTSRD
This study examined the effect of environmental cost disclosure on the performance of quoted food and beverage firms in Nigeria. Specifically, it analyzed how environmental restoration costs and pollution control costs impact return on assets. The study utilized a sample of 9 food and beverage firms out of 12 total. Data was collected from 2010 to 2019 and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that environmental restoration costs and pollution control costs did not have a significant effect on return on assets. Therefore, it was recommended that firms implement greener techniques to both protect the environment and increase return on assets.
This document examines the impact of capital accumulation on labor productivity growth in Nigeria from 1970-2014. It finds that:
1) Education and health expenditures' impact on labor productivity growth depends on the time period, while health expenditures positively impact productivity and compensation to employees negatively impacts it.
2) Both physical and human capital accumulation in Nigeria have been volatile and generally low over the study period, constraining productivity and output growth.
3) The determinants of labor productivity growth examined include human capital accumulation, physical capital accumulation, real wages, and technology, based on endogenous growth and efficiency wage theories.
The document discusses the role of the Torban Anfillo Cooperative Union in the coffee value chain in Kellem Wollega, Ethiopia. The union plays a weak role due to socio-economic factors, organizational issues, and financing and marketing constraints. The performance of the cooperative union and its ability to support farmers could be improved through greater support from governmental and non-governmental organizations in providing finance, education, training, and consultancy services.
Access to Agricultural Credit and Cassava Production A Study of Selected Coop...YogeshIJTSRD
This study examined access to agricultural credit and cassava production A study of selected cooperative farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design that aimed to determine the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable in a population. The population of this study was made up of 2978 members of selected thirty six cooperative societies in Anambra State. A sample of 353 was determined for the study using Taro Yamani formula. A structured questionnaire was administered to 353 respondents only 348 responded to the questionnaire. The data collected using the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequency, mean and standard deviation and also inferential statistics such as regression analysis and t test statistics. All analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23. Findings show that all the five coefficients cost of cooperative credit, amount of credit borrowed, loan repayment period, interest paid and loan repayment performance significantly influence cassava production in Anambra State. In general, the joint effect of the explanatory variables independent variables in the model account for 0.883 or 88.3 of the variations in the influence of cooperative credit on cassava production in Anambra State, Nigeria. This implies that 88.3 of the variations in the cassava production are being accounted for or explained by the variations in the explanatory variables. While other independent variables not captured in the model explain just 11.7 of the variations in cassava production. The study therefore recommends that credit institutions should supervise and spread the repayment period for credit obtained in such a way that the cost will not be heavy. Adequate credit facilities should be provided for farmers to enable them increase their production capacity. The loan repayment period for the farmers should be well spread to enhance their productivity among others. Low interest rate should be charged farmer to enable them reduce their rate of defaulting repayment. Nwafor, Grace Obiageli | Umebali, Emmanuel E. "Access to Agricultural Credit and Cassava Production: A Study of Selected Cooperative Farmers in Anambra State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45009.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/45009/access-to-agricultural-credit-and-cassava-production-a-study-of-selected-cooperative-farmers-in-anambra-state/nwafor-grace-obiageli
This document analyzes factors that determine which countries and sectors will benefit most from the emerging green economy. It presents an analytical framework to assess "green competitiveness" at the sector level based on three success factors: 1) the speed of green innovation and conversion to green products/processes, 2) existing comparative advantages that allow sectors to gain market share, and 3) current output levels that provide a head start. The analysis applies this framework to 110 manufacturing sectors across 8 major economies, finding that Japan and Germany appear best placed to benefit, while some European countries like Italy may fall behind. However, the green economy is broader than a few sectors and each country has competitive niches.
IMPACT OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY ON PROFITABILITY OF FIRMS LISTED ON THE ZIMBABW...John1Lorcan
The study employed the quantitative methodology to establish the impact of workforce diversity on firm performance measured by profitability of thirty-five (35) firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange using panel data collected over the period 2009 – 2015. Board gender and executive diversity were found to have a positive and significant impact on profitability as measured by returns per share and gross profit whilst board education diversity was found to have a positive and significant impact on profitability as measured by gross profit. Geographic location diversity was found to have a negative and significant impact on profitability as measured by returns per share and gross profit. Whether a firm is located in the rural areas had a positive and significant impact on profitability as measured by gross profit. The study recommends that companies should come up with diversity-enabling policies in order to enhance firm
performance.
The Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index is the most comprehensive global ranking of the competitiveness of individual nation-economies in the present and into the future
This document provides a summary of a research paper on sustainability reporting in the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya. The paper aims to conceptualize how SMEs can integrate sustainable development goals into their operations based on empirical evidence. It first reviews literature on sustainable development goals and constraints faced by SMEs, such as access to funding, limited information, and high compliance costs. It then proposes a theoretical model to show interactions between business activities, sustainability agendas, and financial performance, in order to progress knowledge and guide further research. The paper argues that meaningful engagement by SMEs requires understanding how sustainability relates to both business and financial outcomes based on real data.
SMEs play a key role in developing economies by providing employment, income, and helping to address problems like poverty and unemployment. However, SMEs in developing countries face many challenges to their growth and performance, such as limited access to financing, lack of infrastructure, operating informally without formal registration, and burdensome regulations and taxes. Addressing these challenges through improved access to capital, development of infrastructure, promotion of formalization, and supportive regulations and tax policies could help SMEs in developing countries enhance their contributions to economic development.
This document discusses outsourcing in government and public sector organizations. It provides statistics on outsourcing spending by various governments. For example, the US Department of Defense saw average savings of 30% by outsourcing activities. The UK government spent over £7 billion on outsourced IT services in one year. The document also outlines some of the key concerns with outsourcing for the public sector, such as data security issues when sensitive government data is handled by external vendors. Proper screening and security policies are recommended to mitigate risks to data privacy and intellectual property.
1. Declining market dynamism, as seen through declining young firm employment shares, has negatively impacted productivity and wage growth. Housing markets and credit conditions have played a role in diminished dynamism.
2. Using matched employer-employee data from Australia, the study finds that declines in house prices reduced young firm formation and employment, disproportionately impacting younger and less educated workers.
3. Policies that influence housing markets and finance for small businesses can have long-term consequences by affecting firm entry and growth, labor market fluidity, and wages - particularly for young workers.
The document discusses differences between formal and informal small manufacturing firms in Kenya. It finds that:
1) Almost all informal firms are run by Kenyans of African origin, while formal enterprises are run by both Africans and Asians.
2) Asian formal firms are the most productive and capital intensive, followed by African formal firms, with little difference between African informal and formal firms.
3) There are thus weak incentives for African informal firms to formalize given their similar productivity to African formal firms. However, Kenya needs a more efficient formal sector to achieve economic growth through higher investment and exports.
4) Policy should aim to integrate the sectors by improving infrastructure, skills development, access to credit,
Marco Manzo and Alessandro Modica - Finance Dept. - Italy
Giancarlo Infantino - Treasury Dept. - Italy, OECD Global Forum on Productivity – October UK Workshop - London, 14 October 2016
Determinants of Business Performance in the Nigerian Manufacturing Sectorijtsrd
This document summarizes a study that examined the determinants of business performance in Nigeria's manufacturing sector between 1980-2018. The study used secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria and an econometric model to analyze the impact of various macroeconomic variables (financial intermediation, infrastructure, market size, exchange rate, interest rate, and inflation rate) on business performance. The results found that financial intermediation, infrastructure, and market size had a positive impact on manufacturing, while exchange rate, interest rate, and inflation had a negative impact. All variables conformed to the study's expectations except infrastructure and inflation rate, and most were statistically significant, indicating they are good determinants of business performance in Nigerian manufacturing. The study recommends over
Environmental Factors and the Manufacturing Sector Shareholders' Wealth in Ni...ijtsrd
This document summarizes a study that examines the impact of environmental factors on shareholders' wealth in Nigeria's manufacturing sector over a 20-year period from 1998-2017. It finds that factors like foreign exchange rates, energy availability, and bank loans have negatively impacted manufacturing performance and reduced revenue generation. The study recommends that manufacturing companies regularly analyze their environment to minimize these effects. It provides context on Nigeria's manufacturing sector and reviews relevant literature and theories. Key environmental factors discussed include economic, political, socio-cultural, and technological influences.
An Empirical Investigation of Factors Affecting Construction Sector Labour Pr...inventionjournals
The construction industry plays a strategic role in developing countries like Zimbabwe. This research seeks to empirically determine the main factors affecting construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe. Questionnaires comprising of structured and unstructured questions were used to for data collection. The research employed heterogeneous sampling to select the target population, and fifty (50) questionnaires were completed and analyzed. Using a simple ordinal scale, based on a 5-point Likert Scale; contractors, consultants and professionals expressed their views on the relative importance of twenty-two (22) pre-selected factors on construction labour productivity. Data was analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (RII). The results show that late and or non-payment of wages and salaries, suitability and/or adequacy of capital, non-payment to suppliers, availability of experienced labour as well as education and training are amongst the top thirteen (13) most important factors impinging construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe. Timeous payment of salaries and wages as well as investment in staff training and development are amongst the recommended intervention strategies to improve construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe.
Green Industry towards Green Economy in the RMGAyub Ali
This document discusses cleaner production and green industry in the context of Bangladesh's ready-made garment (RMG) sector. It defines cleaner production as a preventative environmental strategy applied to processes, products, and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks. Green industry aims to mainstream environmental considerations into business operations through greening existing industries and creating new green industries. The document outlines cleaner production techniques like reduction, process change, and technology change that can be applied in RMG facilities. It also identifies capacity needs like technological, training, institutional, and government capacity for cleaner production implementation.
The ASSESSMENT of TAXATION on PERFORMANCE of MICRO and SMALL ENTERPRISE in th...Premier Publishers
The study is entitled the Assessment of taxation on performance of micro and small enterprise (MSE) in Nedjo town. The main objective of this study is to assess the taxation on performance of micro and small enterprise in the case of Nedjo town using descriptive research design. The total population of the study is 94 MSE firms running their business in Nedjo town. The study used stratified sampling procedures using the five sectors of the MSE firms as a stratum. In order to collect data, most MSE owners working in the position of manager and few MSE firm owner that work in the position accountants were contacted for data collection where MSE firms’ managers were not available at the time of data collection and data was analyzed by using statistical package for social science. The finding shows that age of respondents, tax system, tax rate, tax administration, tax level and tax education and training shows statistically significant positive impact on the performance of the MSE firms in correlation analysis. Also, the study found sex of respondents, age of respondents, educational status of respondents, tax system, tax administration, tax level and training shows a significant positive Assessment whereas tax compliance cost shows a significant negative Assessment on the performance of the MSE firms in regression analysis. Finally, the study recommended that tax administrators and tax policy makers are advised to improve existing tax system, tax rate, tax administration system, tax level, tax compliance costs as well as tax education and training so as to increase the performance of the MSE firms in the study area.
Role of Bilateral Institutions in Capacity Building A Study of EU SRIP in Ana...YogeshIJTSRD
The study evaluated the role of bilateral institutions in capacity building with a focus on the European Union Support for Reforming Institutions Programme EU SRIP in Anambra State. The study examined relevance of EU SRIP goals, effect of EU SRIP on enhancement of civil servants competence in public finance management and challenges facing implementation of EU SRIP in Anambra State. Data were collected from 330 senior civil servants from two purposively selected ministries Ministries of Finance and Economic Planning and Budget. Mean, frequency counts and tables were used to present and describe collected data. Also hypotheses were tested through the application of t tests at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that the goals of EU SRIP were in line with critical capacity building needs of Anambra State public finance management that EU SRIP had positive effect on the fiscal management competence enhancement of civil servants. The study therefore, recommends among others a simplification of operational procedures of EU SRIP to make it easier for government official at state and local governments to key in. Grace C. Madubuike | Prof. M. C. Muo "Role of Bilateral Institutions in Capacity Building: A Study of EU-SRIP in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44943.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/44943/role-of-bilateral-institutions-in-capacity-building-a-study-of-eusrip-in-anambra-state-nigeria/grace-c-madubuike
One of the most pressing problems facing the Kenyan economy is the high rates of unemployment,
which has been erratic over the past few years. To examine the existing relationship between unemployment and
economic growth, this paper employed Johansen Cointegration, error correction mechanism (ECM),
The document discusses various concepts and definitions of development. It provides definitions of development from Michael Todaro and Rubenstein. Todaro defines development as a multidimensional process involving the reorganization and reorientation of entire economic and social systems. Rubenstein defines development as a process of improving material conditions through the diffusion of knowledge and technology. The document also discusses measures of development such as the Human Development Index, Corruption Perceptions Index, GDP per capita, productivity, education levels, health indicators, inequality, and gender inequality. Rostow's stages of economic growth and two paths of development - self-sufficiency vs international trade - are also mentioned.
2016 industrial occupational safety and health innovation for sustainable dev...Kassu Jilcha (PhD)
This document discusses industrial occupational safety and health innovation for sustainable development. It argues that previous research on sustainable development pillars neglected factors like culture, politics, and technology. The document aims to focus on how workplace safety and health innovation can lead to sustainable development by considering these additional pillars. It also examines how innovation in occupational safety and health can lead to outcomes like healthier workers, safer workplaces, reduced accident costs, and improved safety knowledge that contribute to sustainable development.
Triple Bottom Line Accounting and How it Affects the Performance of Quoted Ag...ijtsrd
This study is to ascertain triple bottom line accounting and how it affects the performance of quoted agricultural product firms in Nigeria. The study adopted a cross sectional research design. We examined the inter relationship among variables using data obtained from Nigeria Stock Exchange on a cross section of the performance of quoted agricultural firms in specific periods of 2016 to 2020. A total of two hypotheses was formulated, and analyzed using multiple regression with the adoption of fixed effect or least square dummy variable LSDV model. From our findings, Triple Bottom Line Accounting jointly has significant influence on the performance of quoted agricultural product firms in Nigeria. It was established that Economic Cost EC and Environmental Cost EVC have a positive and significant effect on the variables of the performance of quoted agricultural product firms in Nigeria while Social Cost has positive and non significant effect on the variable of the performance of quoted agricultural product firms in Nigeria. Recommendations were made that government, as the custodian and protector of the society, and the environment, should help put in place some guidelines for manufacturers to contribute to their environment and the society at large. Similarly, managers should adopt triple bottom line as a guide to report to stakeholder on the allocation of benefits not only to shareholders but to other stakeholders. Dr. Odogu Laime Isaac "Triple Bottom Line Accounting and How it Affects the Performance of Quoted Agricultural Product Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd58570.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/58570/triple-bottom-line-accounting-and-how-it-affects-the-performance-of-quoted-agricultural-product-firms-in-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
Environmental Sustainability Accounting and the Performance of Oil and Gas Co...ijtsrd
This research paper seeks to establish Environmental sustainability Accounting and the performance of Oil and Gas Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. To achieve the objective of the study, hypotheses were formulated, and a review of related literature was made. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis with the aid of E View, using a 5 level of significance. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that the disclosure of human resources disclosure and environmental sustainability disclosure significantly affect the financial performance of oil and gas companies in Rivers State. It was recommended among others that the government should put in place suitable legislation for all companies to make adequate disclosure of their activities to the Environment, and firms should formulate and implement environmentally friendly policies. Isaac Laime Odogu | Timinipre Joseph Okpobo "Environmental Sustainability Accounting and the Performance of Oil & Gas Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50644.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/50644/environmental-sustainability-accounting-and-the-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-rivers-state-nigeria/isaac-laime-odogu
Access to Agricultural Credit and Cassava Production A Study of Selected Coop...YogeshIJTSRD
This study examined access to agricultural credit and cassava production A study of selected cooperative farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design that aimed to determine the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable in a population. The population of this study was made up of 2978 members of selected thirty six cooperative societies in Anambra State. A sample of 353 was determined for the study using Taro Yamani formula. A structured questionnaire was administered to 353 respondents only 348 responded to the questionnaire. The data collected using the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequency, mean and standard deviation and also inferential statistics such as regression analysis and t test statistics. All analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23. Findings show that all the five coefficients cost of cooperative credit, amount of credit borrowed, loan repayment period, interest paid and loan repayment performance significantly influence cassava production in Anambra State. In general, the joint effect of the explanatory variables independent variables in the model account for 0.883 or 88.3 of the variations in the influence of cooperative credit on cassava production in Anambra State, Nigeria. This implies that 88.3 of the variations in the cassava production are being accounted for or explained by the variations in the explanatory variables. While other independent variables not captured in the model explain just 11.7 of the variations in cassava production. The study therefore recommends that credit institutions should supervise and spread the repayment period for credit obtained in such a way that the cost will not be heavy. Adequate credit facilities should be provided for farmers to enable them increase their production capacity. The loan repayment period for the farmers should be well spread to enhance their productivity among others. Low interest rate should be charged farmer to enable them reduce their rate of defaulting repayment. Nwafor, Grace Obiageli | Umebali, Emmanuel E. "Access to Agricultural Credit and Cassava Production: A Study of Selected Cooperative Farmers in Anambra State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45009.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/45009/access-to-agricultural-credit-and-cassava-production-a-study-of-selected-cooperative-farmers-in-anambra-state/nwafor-grace-obiageli
This document analyzes factors that determine which countries and sectors will benefit most from the emerging green economy. It presents an analytical framework to assess "green competitiveness" at the sector level based on three success factors: 1) the speed of green innovation and conversion to green products/processes, 2) existing comparative advantages that allow sectors to gain market share, and 3) current output levels that provide a head start. The analysis applies this framework to 110 manufacturing sectors across 8 major economies, finding that Japan and Germany appear best placed to benefit, while some European countries like Italy may fall behind. However, the green economy is broader than a few sectors and each country has competitive niches.
IMPACT OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY ON PROFITABILITY OF FIRMS LISTED ON THE ZIMBABW...John1Lorcan
The study employed the quantitative methodology to establish the impact of workforce diversity on firm performance measured by profitability of thirty-five (35) firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange using panel data collected over the period 2009 – 2015. Board gender and executive diversity were found to have a positive and significant impact on profitability as measured by returns per share and gross profit whilst board education diversity was found to have a positive and significant impact on profitability as measured by gross profit. Geographic location diversity was found to have a negative and significant impact on profitability as measured by returns per share and gross profit. Whether a firm is located in the rural areas had a positive and significant impact on profitability as measured by gross profit. The study recommends that companies should come up with diversity-enabling policies in order to enhance firm
performance.
The Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index is the most comprehensive global ranking of the competitiveness of individual nation-economies in the present and into the future
This document provides a summary of a research paper on sustainability reporting in the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya. The paper aims to conceptualize how SMEs can integrate sustainable development goals into their operations based on empirical evidence. It first reviews literature on sustainable development goals and constraints faced by SMEs, such as access to funding, limited information, and high compliance costs. It then proposes a theoretical model to show interactions between business activities, sustainability agendas, and financial performance, in order to progress knowledge and guide further research. The paper argues that meaningful engagement by SMEs requires understanding how sustainability relates to both business and financial outcomes based on real data.
SMEs play a key role in developing economies by providing employment, income, and helping to address problems like poverty and unemployment. However, SMEs in developing countries face many challenges to their growth and performance, such as limited access to financing, lack of infrastructure, operating informally without formal registration, and burdensome regulations and taxes. Addressing these challenges through improved access to capital, development of infrastructure, promotion of formalization, and supportive regulations and tax policies could help SMEs in developing countries enhance their contributions to economic development.
This document discusses outsourcing in government and public sector organizations. It provides statistics on outsourcing spending by various governments. For example, the US Department of Defense saw average savings of 30% by outsourcing activities. The UK government spent over £7 billion on outsourced IT services in one year. The document also outlines some of the key concerns with outsourcing for the public sector, such as data security issues when sensitive government data is handled by external vendors. Proper screening and security policies are recommended to mitigate risks to data privacy and intellectual property.
1. Declining market dynamism, as seen through declining young firm employment shares, has negatively impacted productivity and wage growth. Housing markets and credit conditions have played a role in diminished dynamism.
2. Using matched employer-employee data from Australia, the study finds that declines in house prices reduced young firm formation and employment, disproportionately impacting younger and less educated workers.
3. Policies that influence housing markets and finance for small businesses can have long-term consequences by affecting firm entry and growth, labor market fluidity, and wages - particularly for young workers.
The document discusses differences between formal and informal small manufacturing firms in Kenya. It finds that:
1) Almost all informal firms are run by Kenyans of African origin, while formal enterprises are run by both Africans and Asians.
2) Asian formal firms are the most productive and capital intensive, followed by African formal firms, with little difference between African informal and formal firms.
3) There are thus weak incentives for African informal firms to formalize given their similar productivity to African formal firms. However, Kenya needs a more efficient formal sector to achieve economic growth through higher investment and exports.
4) Policy should aim to integrate the sectors by improving infrastructure, skills development, access to credit,
Marco Manzo and Alessandro Modica - Finance Dept. - Italy
Giancarlo Infantino - Treasury Dept. - Italy, OECD Global Forum on Productivity – October UK Workshop - London, 14 October 2016
Determinants of Business Performance in the Nigerian Manufacturing Sectorijtsrd
This document summarizes a study that examined the determinants of business performance in Nigeria's manufacturing sector between 1980-2018. The study used secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria and an econometric model to analyze the impact of various macroeconomic variables (financial intermediation, infrastructure, market size, exchange rate, interest rate, and inflation rate) on business performance. The results found that financial intermediation, infrastructure, and market size had a positive impact on manufacturing, while exchange rate, interest rate, and inflation had a negative impact. All variables conformed to the study's expectations except infrastructure and inflation rate, and most were statistically significant, indicating they are good determinants of business performance in Nigerian manufacturing. The study recommends over
Environmental Factors and the Manufacturing Sector Shareholders' Wealth in Ni...ijtsrd
This document summarizes a study that examines the impact of environmental factors on shareholders' wealth in Nigeria's manufacturing sector over a 20-year period from 1998-2017. It finds that factors like foreign exchange rates, energy availability, and bank loans have negatively impacted manufacturing performance and reduced revenue generation. The study recommends that manufacturing companies regularly analyze their environment to minimize these effects. It provides context on Nigeria's manufacturing sector and reviews relevant literature and theories. Key environmental factors discussed include economic, political, socio-cultural, and technological influences.
An Empirical Investigation of Factors Affecting Construction Sector Labour Pr...inventionjournals
The construction industry plays a strategic role in developing countries like Zimbabwe. This research seeks to empirically determine the main factors affecting construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe. Questionnaires comprising of structured and unstructured questions were used to for data collection. The research employed heterogeneous sampling to select the target population, and fifty (50) questionnaires were completed and analyzed. Using a simple ordinal scale, based on a 5-point Likert Scale; contractors, consultants and professionals expressed their views on the relative importance of twenty-two (22) pre-selected factors on construction labour productivity. Data was analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (RII). The results show that late and or non-payment of wages and salaries, suitability and/or adequacy of capital, non-payment to suppliers, availability of experienced labour as well as education and training are amongst the top thirteen (13) most important factors impinging construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe. Timeous payment of salaries and wages as well as investment in staff training and development are amongst the recommended intervention strategies to improve construction labour productivity in Zimbabwe.
Green Industry towards Green Economy in the RMGAyub Ali
This document discusses cleaner production and green industry in the context of Bangladesh's ready-made garment (RMG) sector. It defines cleaner production as a preventative environmental strategy applied to processes, products, and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks. Green industry aims to mainstream environmental considerations into business operations through greening existing industries and creating new green industries. The document outlines cleaner production techniques like reduction, process change, and technology change that can be applied in RMG facilities. It also identifies capacity needs like technological, training, institutional, and government capacity for cleaner production implementation.
The ASSESSMENT of TAXATION on PERFORMANCE of MICRO and SMALL ENTERPRISE in th...Premier Publishers
The study is entitled the Assessment of taxation on performance of micro and small enterprise (MSE) in Nedjo town. The main objective of this study is to assess the taxation on performance of micro and small enterprise in the case of Nedjo town using descriptive research design. The total population of the study is 94 MSE firms running their business in Nedjo town. The study used stratified sampling procedures using the five sectors of the MSE firms as a stratum. In order to collect data, most MSE owners working in the position of manager and few MSE firm owner that work in the position accountants were contacted for data collection where MSE firms’ managers were not available at the time of data collection and data was analyzed by using statistical package for social science. The finding shows that age of respondents, tax system, tax rate, tax administration, tax level and tax education and training shows statistically significant positive impact on the performance of the MSE firms in correlation analysis. Also, the study found sex of respondents, age of respondents, educational status of respondents, tax system, tax administration, tax level and training shows a significant positive Assessment whereas tax compliance cost shows a significant negative Assessment on the performance of the MSE firms in regression analysis. Finally, the study recommended that tax administrators and tax policy makers are advised to improve existing tax system, tax rate, tax administration system, tax level, tax compliance costs as well as tax education and training so as to increase the performance of the MSE firms in the study area.
Role of Bilateral Institutions in Capacity Building A Study of EU SRIP in Ana...YogeshIJTSRD
The study evaluated the role of bilateral institutions in capacity building with a focus on the European Union Support for Reforming Institutions Programme EU SRIP in Anambra State. The study examined relevance of EU SRIP goals, effect of EU SRIP on enhancement of civil servants competence in public finance management and challenges facing implementation of EU SRIP in Anambra State. Data were collected from 330 senior civil servants from two purposively selected ministries Ministries of Finance and Economic Planning and Budget. Mean, frequency counts and tables were used to present and describe collected data. Also hypotheses were tested through the application of t tests at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that the goals of EU SRIP were in line with critical capacity building needs of Anambra State public finance management that EU SRIP had positive effect on the fiscal management competence enhancement of civil servants. The study therefore, recommends among others a simplification of operational procedures of EU SRIP to make it easier for government official at state and local governments to key in. Grace C. Madubuike | Prof. M. C. Muo "Role of Bilateral Institutions in Capacity Building: A Study of EU-SRIP in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44943.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/44943/role-of-bilateral-institutions-in-capacity-building-a-study-of-eusrip-in-anambra-state-nigeria/grace-c-madubuike
One of the most pressing problems facing the Kenyan economy is the high rates of unemployment,
which has been erratic over the past few years. To examine the existing relationship between unemployment and
economic growth, this paper employed Johansen Cointegration, error correction mechanism (ECM),
The document discusses various concepts and definitions of development. It provides definitions of development from Michael Todaro and Rubenstein. Todaro defines development as a multidimensional process involving the reorganization and reorientation of entire economic and social systems. Rubenstein defines development as a process of improving material conditions through the diffusion of knowledge and technology. The document also discusses measures of development such as the Human Development Index, Corruption Perceptions Index, GDP per capita, productivity, education levels, health indicators, inequality, and gender inequality. Rostow's stages of economic growth and two paths of development - self-sufficiency vs international trade - are also mentioned.
2016 industrial occupational safety and health innovation for sustainable dev...Kassu Jilcha (PhD)
This document discusses industrial occupational safety and health innovation for sustainable development. It argues that previous research on sustainable development pillars neglected factors like culture, politics, and technology. The document aims to focus on how workplace safety and health innovation can lead to sustainable development by considering these additional pillars. It also examines how innovation in occupational safety and health can lead to outcomes like healthier workers, safer workplaces, reduced accident costs, and improved safety knowledge that contribute to sustainable development.
Triple Bottom Line Accounting and How it Affects the Performance of Quoted Ag...ijtsrd
This study is to ascertain triple bottom line accounting and how it affects the performance of quoted agricultural product firms in Nigeria. The study adopted a cross sectional research design. We examined the inter relationship among variables using data obtained from Nigeria Stock Exchange on a cross section of the performance of quoted agricultural firms in specific periods of 2016 to 2020. A total of two hypotheses was formulated, and analyzed using multiple regression with the adoption of fixed effect or least square dummy variable LSDV model. From our findings, Triple Bottom Line Accounting jointly has significant influence on the performance of quoted agricultural product firms in Nigeria. It was established that Economic Cost EC and Environmental Cost EVC have a positive and significant effect on the variables of the performance of quoted agricultural product firms in Nigeria while Social Cost has positive and non significant effect on the variable of the performance of quoted agricultural product firms in Nigeria. Recommendations were made that government, as the custodian and protector of the society, and the environment, should help put in place some guidelines for manufacturers to contribute to their environment and the society at large. Similarly, managers should adopt triple bottom line as a guide to report to stakeholder on the allocation of benefits not only to shareholders but to other stakeholders. Dr. Odogu Laime Isaac "Triple Bottom Line Accounting and How it Affects the Performance of Quoted Agricultural Product Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd58570.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/58570/triple-bottom-line-accounting-and-how-it-affects-the-performance-of-quoted-agricultural-product-firms-in-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
Environmental Sustainability Accounting and the Performance of Oil and Gas Co...ijtsrd
This research paper seeks to establish Environmental sustainability Accounting and the performance of Oil and Gas Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. To achieve the objective of the study, hypotheses were formulated, and a review of related literature was made. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis with the aid of E View, using a 5 level of significance. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that the disclosure of human resources disclosure and environmental sustainability disclosure significantly affect the financial performance of oil and gas companies in Rivers State. It was recommended among others that the government should put in place suitable legislation for all companies to make adequate disclosure of their activities to the Environment, and firms should formulate and implement environmentally friendly policies. Isaac Laime Odogu | Timinipre Joseph Okpobo "Environmental Sustainability Accounting and the Performance of Oil & Gas Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50644.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/50644/environmental-sustainability-accounting-and-the-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-rivers-state-nigeria/isaac-laime-odogu
Sustainability Reporting and Corporate Performance of Conglomerate and Indust...YogeshIJTSRD
Sustainability reporting remains a continuing concern as stakeholders demand for firms to be more socially, environmentally, and economically responsible continues to increase especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Thus, the study examined the effect of sustainability reporting disclosures of conglomerate and industrial goods manufacturing firms in Nigeria on their market share and return on assets. The study employed an ex post facto research design as data were obtained from the annual report of firms for a period of ten years 2010 2019 . Multiple regression analytical tools with the help of SPSS version 23 were used in analyzing the data for 16 conglomerate and industrial goods firms selected using the purposive sampling technique. The findings revealed that sustainability reporting has positive effect on market share and return on assets of firms studied. Based on the findings, it was concluded that sustainability reporting affects the performance of manufacturing firms and it was recommended that standard setters and government should develop a standard mandatory disclosure framework to ensure consistency and uniformity in reporting and also, companies are encouraged to disclose their economic, social and environmental information all geared to help stakeholders make informed decision. Okoye, Ezinne Chimaram | Ezeagba, Charles Emenike "Sustainability Reporting and Corporate Performance of Conglomerate and Industrial Goods Firms in Nigeria: An Empirical Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44977.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/44977/sustainability-reporting-and-corporate-performance-of-conglomerate-and-industrial-goods-firms-in-nigeria-an-empirical-study/okoye-ezinne-chimaram
Board Attributes and Sustainability Disclosure of Quoted Companies in the Bui...ijtsrd
The study examined the effect which board attributes, namely board size, board independence and board diligence meeting have on sustainability disclosure of industrial goods firms in Nigeria. The study is based on a sample of nine listed building material companies under industrial goods sector in Nigeria Exchange Group Plc from 2012 2019. Collected data were analyzed with pooled ordinary least square regression including diagnostic test to confirm the assumptions of the regression. The empirical result indicates that board size has positive and significant effect on sustainability disclosures. Board independence and board diligence have positive but insignificant influence on sustainability disclosures on listed building g material firms in Nigeria. Findings of the study have important policy implications that corporate board attributes can reduce information asymmetry between firm management and investors through sustainability disclosures thereby showing increase concern for stakeholders. The study recommends that regulatory bodies should ensure that all listed firms should comply with the requirements of having sufficient members on the board as specified on the Nigerian Code of Corporate Governance 2018 and Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020 . Emeka Nwokeji N. A | Ohajiano Nwannekalecturer | Agubata N. S "Board Attributes and Sustainability Disclosure of Quoted Companies in the Building Material Sub-Sector of Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47904.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47904/board-attributes-and-sustainability-disclosure-of-quoted-companies-in-the-building-material-subsector-of-nigeria/emeka-nwokeji-n-a
Imperative of Environmental Cost on Equity and Assets of Quoted Manufacturing...ijtsrd
This study examine the imperative of environmental cost on equity and assets of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study adopts ex post facto, content analysis and regression research design. The research adopts secondary source of data in obtaining all the data needed for the study, extracted from the audited financial statements of the sampled manufacturing firms, which is meticulously examined and relevant data extracted from the period of 2011 2018 for analysis, in line with the main objective. Hypothesis is tested and the results reveals that environmental cost has a significant effect on return on equity and return on assets of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. In consonance with this study's findings, it is recommended that, Firms in Nigeria should invest reasonable amount on environmental issues and report same in their financial reports for the various stakeholders to see. This will create a good relationship with the host community which will enable growth in production and increase in turnover. Dr. Odogu, Laime Isaac | Dadiowei, Opritari Maxwell "Imperative of Environmental Cost on Equity and Assets of Quoted Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59695.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59695/imperative-of-environmental-cost-on-equity-and-assets-of-quoted-manufacturing-firms-in-nigeria/dr-odogu-laime-isaac
Sustainability Environmental Disclosure and Financial Performance of Oil and ...ijtsrd
This study determined whether sustainability environmental disclosure affect financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Specific objectives include to determine the effect of pollution control disclosure and on financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria evaluate the effect of recycling disclosure on financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria and examine the effect of restoration disclosure on financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Ex post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study covered the nine quoted oil and gas on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Data were collected from annual accounts of these nine quoted oil and gas and the formulated hypotheses were tested using regression analysis with aid of E view 9.0. The study found that Environmental protection disclosure has positive but not significant effect on financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria Pollution control disclosure has no positive and significant effect on financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria Recycling disclosure has positive but not significantly affect financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria Restoration disclosure has no positive and significant effect on financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that firm should reduce their spending on environmental protection or make it cost effective in other to increase firms’ return on assets. Okafor, Godson Ikechukwu | Anichebe A. S | Emeka-Nwokeji N. A | Agubata N. S "Sustainability Environmental Disclosure and Financial Performance of Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49135/sustainability-environmental-disclosure-and-financial-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-nigeria/okafor-godson-ikechukwu
Environmental Sustainability Reporting and Financial Performance of Listed Ma...ijtsrd
Background Environmental sustainability is the art or science of measuring, disclosing, and being accountable to internal and external stakeholders for organizational performance towards the goal of sustainable development.Aim This study was carried out to examine the relationship between environmental sustainability reporting and financial performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. In order to determine the relationship between environmental sustainability reporting ESR and financial performance, environmental sustainability reporting was proxy using Kinder Lydenberg Domini KLD social environmental performance rating system while financial performance on the hand was proxy using return on equity ROE and net assets per share NAPS . Materials and Methods The study adopted Ex Post Facto Design and data were collected from the annual reports and accounts of consumer goods firms in Nigeria spanning from 2016 2020. The study employed OLS regression model as a statistical test tool.Results The findings of the study indicate that environmental sustainability reporting ESR has significant and positive relationship with financial performance ROE and NAPS of manufacturing firms in Nigeria at 5 significant level. Conclusion Thus, the study concludes that environmental sustainability reporting ensures firms performance in Nigeria. Recommendation Hence, the study recommended that the management of environmentally sensitive firms in Nigeria should sustain and enhance environmental sustainability reporting since it has positive and significant relationship with financial performance. Obiora Fabian. | Ijoma Rev. Sr. Mary Alice "Environmental Sustainability Reporting and Financial Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49332.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49332/environmental-sustainability-reporting-and-financial-performance-of-listed-manufacturing-firms-in-nigeria/obiora-fabian
Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance of Listed ...ijtsrd
This study examined the effect of corporate social responsibility on financial performance of Oil and Gas Companies listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange. Ten 10 listed oil and gas firms constituted the sample size of this study between 2010 and 2020. Ex Post facto research design was adopted while secondary data were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled firms and were analysed using E Views 10.0 statistical software. The study employed inferential statistics using Pearson correlation and Panel Least Square PLS regression analysis. Three hypotheses were formulated and statistically tested at 5 per cent level of significance using regression analysis. Findings from the empirical analysis showed that ethical social responsibility has a significant and positive effect on return on assets economic social responsibility has a significant and positive effect on net profit margin legal social responsibility has significant and positive effect on return on capital employed of listed oils and gas firms in Nigeria at 5 level of significance respectively. The study recommended amongst others that oil and gas firms should comply with the environmental laws of the nation for improved and sustainable performance. Ekweozor, Maryrose Ada | Ogbodo, Okenwa Cyprian | Amahalu, Nestor Ndubuisi "Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance of Listed Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49224.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49224/effect-of-corporate-social-responsibility-on-financial-performance-of-listed-oil-and-gas-firms-in-nigeria/ekweozor-maryrose-ada
This document summarizes a research study examining the challenges of implementing social and environmental accounting practices among oil companies operating in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study found that the oil companies did not accurately report the external costs of their production activities on the local environment and communities in their financial statements. Through surveys and statistical analysis, the study determined that factors like implementation costs, profit impacts, legal frameworks, management support, and community stability influence about 79% of the level of social/environmental accounting practices. The researchers recommend stronger laws requiring oil companies to more fully report the estimated environmental damages and costs of intervention efforts in their annual financial statements.
Social Sustainability Disclosures and Performance of ICT Firms in Nigeria an ...ijtsrd
Background Sustainability disclosures deal with the measurement, analysis and communication of interactions and links between social, environmental and economic issues constituting the three dimensions of sustainability Aim This study empirically investigated the relationship between social sustainability disclosures and performance of listed ICT firms’ in Nigeria. The study is vital as it portrays the extent to which social sustainability disclosure influences firms’ performance. In order to determine the relationship between social sustainability disclosures SSDs and firms’ performance, social sustainability disclosure index by GRI was used while firms’ performance on the other hand was represented by net assets per share NAPS . Materials and Methods Four hypotheses were formulated to guide the investigation and the statistical test of parameter estimates was conducted using OLS regression model operated with STATA 15. Ex Post Facto design was adopted and data for the study were obtained from the Nigerian Stock Exchange Factbook and the published annual financial reports of the entire listed ICT firms on NSE with data spanning from 2015 2020. Results The finding generally indicates that human rights disclosure, labour practices and decent work disclosure, product responsibility disclosure and societal disclosure have significant influence on firms’ performance NAPS at 5 significant level. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study, the study concludes that social sustainability disclosure has positively improved firms performance over the years. Recommendation The study however suggests that firms should disclose more of this information in their annual reports concerning her commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families and the local communities as the level this information disclosure has exerted significant influence on firms’ performance over the years. Obiora Fabian. C. | Onuora, J. K. J. | Nworah Cynthia. N "Social Sustainability Disclosures and Performance of ICT Firms in Nigeria; an Independent and Joint Effect Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd48007.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-environment/48007/social-sustainability-disclosures-and-performance-of-ict-firms-in-nigeria-an-independent-and-joint-effect-analysis/obiora-fabian-c
Effect of Environmental Costs on Financial Performance of Oil and Gas Compani...ijtsrd
The main objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of environmental costs on financial performance of oil and gas companies listed on Nigeria stock exchange. The specific objectives were to assess the effect of Employee Health and Safety Cost on Tobin's Q of Oil and Gas Companies listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange and determine the effect of Waste Management Cost on Tobin's Q of Oil and Gas Companies listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange. Ex post facto research design was adopted for the study and data collected was analysis and tested using regression analysis with aid of E view 9.0 the result shows that employee health and safety cost has a significant positive effect on Tobin's Q of Oil and Gas Companies listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange at 5 level of significance. Another finding indicate that waste management cost has significant positive effect on Tobin's Q of Oil and Gas Companies listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange at 5 level of significance. The following recommendations were made in line with the findings and conclusion of this study Oil and gas firms should increase their involvement in Employee Health and Safety Cost since it positively affects financial performance. Oil and gas firms should get more involved in waste management activities, since cost on waste management is more committed in improving organizational performance. Osisioma, Benjamin C. | Chiamogu, Anselm N. "Effect of Environmental Costs on Financial Performance of Oil and Gas Companies Listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31140.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/31140/effect-of-environmental-costs-on-financial-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-listed-on-nigeria-stock-exchange/osisioma-benjamin-c
Environmental Management Reporting and Corporate Performance Evidence from Na...ijtsrd
This document examines the relationship between environmental management reporting and corporate performance among natural resource, agriculture, and oil and gas firms in Nigeria. It reviews definitions and frameworks of environmental management reporting/accounting. The study uses regression analysis of annual reports from 2012-2018 to analyze the impact of environmental disclosure scores on firm size, profitability, and return on assets. The results found a positive relationship between disclosure and firm size but no significant impact on profitability or return on assets. The document recommends that firms disclose more environmental information to stakeholders to improve sustainability.
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting on Performance of Oil and Gas Compa...ijtsrd
The study examined the effect of corporate social responsibility reporting on financial performance of Oil and Gas companies in Nigeria. Ex post facto research design and content analysis were adapted. A sample of ten oil and gas companies was selected for the study. The hypothesis was tested using linear regression analysis with the aid of E view 9.0. The study revealed that return on capital employed has insignificant effect on corporate social responsibility of Oil and Gas companies in Nigeria. The study recommended that the external users of corporate social responsibility reports such as the shareholders, local communities, employees and other stakeholders should device appropriate channels by which their demands for such reporting can be adequately pressed upon. Ezekwesili, Tochukwu P. | Emeneka, Ogochukwu L "Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting on Performance of Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47520.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47520/corporate-social-responsibility-reporting-on-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-nigeria/ezekwesili-tochukwu-p
The study investigates the analysis on the relationship between green accounting and green design for enterprise. Expost-facto research design was use for the study. The secondary data used in the study covered a period of 10 years (2011-2020) and were sources from Business record of vital foam Nig. Ltd, the data were analyze using multiplied linear regression. From the analysis of the data and test of hypothesis result show green accounting and green design for enterprise have both positive and negative effect on the enterprise but due to external and internal factors. It is on this account that the study therefore recommend that enterprise should make sure they have appropriate and well designed green accounting design to be able to stand the test of time.
Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on Corporate Performance of Quoted Manufacturi...ijtsrd
The objective of the study is to examine the effect of voluntary disclosure on corporate performance of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study specifically examined the effect of voluntary disclosure on ROA, ROE, and NPM. The population of the study was drawn from manufacturing firms quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. financial year. The study was based on secondary sources of data, collected from annual financial reports. The study used content analysis to analyse the voluntary disclosure items. The study finds that voluntary disclosure has a significant negative effect on profitability return on assets, return on equity and net profit margin . The study therefore recommends, among others, manufacturing firms to enhance voluntary disclosure based on a cost benefit analysis of such, and also, help “bridge the gap†between financial numbers and the true economics underlying the company’s transaction. Voluntary disclosure is also recommended as a medium to curtail the shenanigans of earnings management. Ikemefuna, Victor C. | Onuora, J. K. "Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on Corporate Performance of Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42600.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42600/effect-of-voluntary-disclosure-on-corporate-performance-of-quoted-manufacturing-companies-in-nigeria/ikemefuna-victor-c
Corporate social reporting discloses social and environmental information relating to an organisation’s interaction with its community, shareholders, physical and social environment to outsiders through corporate annual reports. Triple Bottom Line Reporting (subsequently refer to as TBLR) goes beyond the traditional way of reporting mechanism and encourages businesses to give closer attention to the whole impact of their commercial activities, over and above their financial performance. The Corporate Triple Bottom Line Reporting is based on three pillars - (i) environmental, (ii) social, (iii) economic causes. In this study, Corporate Triple Bottom Line (CTBL) disclosure items are handpicked from the annual reports/corporate social responsibility reports/sustainability reports of the sample units after a thorough examination of the contents of annual reports/corporate social responsibility reports/sustainability reports. The level of Triple Bottom Line reporting in India is in its infancy and still evolving. The three dimensions for TBL Reporting in India are people, planet and profit, which lead to sustainable development. We have considered listed companies of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) comprising BSE 500 index as our population. Considering time and resource constraints, it was decided to restrict the survey only power generating companies (15 units) among those 500 units. Accordingly, annual reports/corporate social responsibility reports/sustainability reports for these 15 numbers of listed power companies were planned to be reviewed. For measuring the extent of corporate triple bottom line reporting in annual reports/corporate social responsibility reports/sustainability reports of the companies, we have constructed a weighted disclosure index based on the previous empirical studies. The study evaluated the combined corporate triple bottom line disclosure score value of the sa
Environmental scanning an imperative for business survival and growth in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses environmental scanning, which refers to carefully examining the external environment to identify opportunities and threats for business survival and growth. It finds that environmental scanning is critical for business success globally and in Nigeria. Nigerian managers with higher education are more likely to scan the environment. Customers and competitors are the most unpredictable environmental factors but are also the most important to monitor. The document examines theories and models of environmental scanning and argues that continuously monitoring the external environment is important for organizations to adapt to changes and maintain competitiveness.
Corporate Social Sustainability Practice and Financial Performance of Consume...ijtsrd
Background Sustainability practice deals with the measurement, analysis and communication of interactions and links between social, environmental and economic issues constituting the three dimensions of sustainabilityAim This study empirically investigated the relationship between corporate social sustainability practice and financial performance of listed consumer goods firms’ in Nigeria. The study is vital as it portrays the extent to which corporate social sustainability practice influences firms’ performance. In order to determine the relationship between corporate social sustainability practice CSSP and firms’ performance, corporate social sustainability disclosure index by GRI was used while firms’ performance on the other hand was represented by return on equity ROE . Materials and Methods Four hypotheses were formulated to guide the investigation and the statistical test of parameter estimates was conducted using OLS regression model operated with STATA 15. Ex Post Facto design was adopted and data for the study were obtained from the Nigerian Stock Exchange Factbook and the published annual financial reports of the entire listed consumer goods firms on NSE with data spanning from 2016 2021. Results The finding generally indicates that human rights disclosure, labour practices and decent work disclosure, product responsibility disclosure and societal disclosure have significant influence on firms’ performance ROE at 1 5 significant level. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study, the study concludes that corporate social sustainability practice has positively improved firms performance over the years. Recommendation The study however suggests that firms should disclose more of this information in their annual reports in order to legitimize their operations by making public known about her commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families and the local communities as this disclosure is relevant for investors decision making. Obiora Fabian. | Onuora, J. K. J. | Egwuom Mary Jane. I "Corporate Social Sustainability Practice and Financial Performance of Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49501.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49501/corporate-social-sustainability-practice-and-financial-performance-of-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/obiora-fabian
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Effect of Accounting Records on Financial Performance of Small and Medium Ind...ijtsrd
This study examines the effect of accounting records on financial performance of small and medium industries in Nigeria. Specifically the study sought to determine whether small and medium industries keep accounting records of their financial transactions in Anambra state and evaluate whether sound accounting system significantly improve the performance of small and medium industries in Anambra State. Survey research designs were adopted for the study. Data were collected through survey in which questionnaire was administered on a sample of 176 was purposively collected from population of selected small and medium industries. The study found that the Small and medium industries keep accounting records of their financial transactions in Anambra state. Also that sound accounting system has significantly improved the performance of small and medium industries in Anambra State. Based on this, it recommended that the cost of operating sound accounting system should be minimized in order to encourage the adoption of in small and medium industries in the State. Okpala, Lucy Ifeoma ""Effect of Accounting Records on Financial Performance of Small and Medium Industries in Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25084.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/25084/effect-of-accounting-records-on-financial-performance-of-small-and-medium-industries-in-nigeria/okpala-lucy-ifeoma
Similar to triple bottom line accounting on financial performance of quoted industrial goods firms in nigeria (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
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Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD31844 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2020 Page 543
index, variables that encompass economic, social and
environmental factors. Those variables are converted into
monetary units. Thoughacademics agree on the definitionof
Triple Bottom Line the challenge and real trick is how to
measure it, as the three domains do not have a common
measurement unit (Slaper& Hall 2011).
In other to analyze triple bottom line accounting on the
financial performance we formulate the following
hypotheses, “There is no significant relationship between
Economic Cost, Social Cost and Environmental Cost and
Market Value Per Share of Quoted industrial goods
production firms in Nigeria.”
Review of Related Literature
Brundtland (1987) defined sustainability as the
“development that meets the needs of the present
generations without compromising the ability of the future
generations to meet their own needs”. This ideological
disposition hinges on the fact that organizational survival
and performances is contingent on the sporadic use of the
natural environment. Beredugo, Ihendinihu and Azubike
(2019) Enumerates on the indispensabilityofenvironmental
resources and energy for economic growth and that where
this is not checked, itcould undermine the survival of future
generation to meet their needs. It follows therefore that for
organizations to outperform its competitors they must not
only account for their economic activities but must include
information on company’sinteractionwith the environment
and people within and outside the organization.
Driven by sustainability, Triple Bottom Line provides a
framework for measuring the performance of the business
and the success of the organization using three lines:
economic, social, and environmental (Goel 2010). Triple
Bottom Line expresses the expansion of the environmental
agenda in a way thatintegrates the economic and sociallines
according to (ALhaddi, 2015). Triple Bottom Line places an
equal level of importance on each of the three lines (Alhaddi,
2015).
Elkington (2004) introduced the sustainability concept as
triple bottom line. Triple Bottom Line Accounting captures
the essence of sustainability by measuring the impact of an
organization’s activities on the world. This accounting
practice goes beyond the traditional measure of profit,
returns on investment and shareholders’ value to include
environmental and social dimension. Such reporting can be
an important tool to support sustainability goals (Onyali,
2014). Although, Jackson, Boswell and Davis,( 2011), states
that there is no real consensus as to the exact dimension
used for performance measurement. However, according to
them, performance can be measured based on the impact of
companies on the society as a whole both now and into the
future. Social and environmental information disclosure is
also commonly referred to as corporate social responsibility
reporting (Abbot &Monsen, 2009). It can also be defined as
an environmental management strategy to communicate
with stakeholders, which makes it corporate social and
environmental reporting.
Chapman and Milnne (2004) defined triple bottom line
reporting as the measurement, management and reporting
of economic, environmental and social performance
indications in a single report. They added that triple bottom
line reporting is therefore best seen as a process that
includes managing, measuringand publicly reporting multi-
dimensional performance and integrating it with
management process. It goes beyond the traditional way of
reporting and encourages businesses to give closerattention
to the whole impact of their commercial activities over and
above their financial performance (Dutta, 2011). Choi and
Gary (2008), explained that Triple bottom line reporting is
closely related to corporate social responsibility reporting
and sustainability reporting. Social responsibility reporting
refers to the measurement and communication of
information about a company’s effect on employee welfare,
the local community, and the environment. Information on
company welfare may involve working conditions, job
security, equality opportunity, workforcediversity,andchild
labor. Environmental issues may include the impact of
production process, products, and services on air, water,
land, biodiversity, and human health. Social responsibility
reporting is the communication about a company’s
responsibility for social and environmental aspects
surrounding the business. This reflects that companies owe
stakeholders an annual accounting of their social and
environmental performance as the financial information
they provide to shareholders.Goel, (2010).explained that
Triple Bottom Line is an important issue in contemporary
international debates. Central to Triple Bottom Line is a
concern for sustainability, particularly for environmental
sustainability, as this is crucial for long-term success and
survival even in financial terms by which firms normally
judge their success. Indeed many corporate reports, which
used to be designated as environmental reports and
subsequently as Corporate Social Responsibility reports
have now been repackagedas sustainability reportsortriple
bottom line report. Triple Bottom Line isa concept whereby
companies integrate social and environmental concerns in
their business operations and in their operations within
their stakeholders on a voluntary basis.
Slaper and Hall (2011) argue that looking to Triple Bottom
Line sustainability measures, the economic measures are
straightforward money-related and financingfigures,while
the environmental sustainability measures incorporate
measuring the potential influences of business
environmental impacts on natural resources and their
viability. Environmental variables should represent
measurements of natural resources and reflect potential
influences on their viability. This would incorporate the
contamination impact of water and air quality, greenhouse
gas emissions, material recycling rates, water consumption,
energy consumption, pollutant gases and substances,waste
management of hazards, landfill, and material waste
management. The social sustainabilitydimension‘smeasures
incorporate an education level in the local community,
equity level, welfare, careers retention, charitable
contributions, level of health care and well-being, rate of
unemployment, quality of life, per capita violent crimes,
relative poverty, and social capital. In brief, the firm‘s
stakeholders are the right party to determine the
appropriate set of Triple Bottom Line sustainability
measures applicable to subjected business tasks and
activities that would remain flexible and dynamic during
changes in business circumstances. The firm‘s stakeholders
and experts can develop and establish an adaptive genuine
progress indicator (GPI) for the firm/entity with business
related variables that incorporate social, economic and
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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environmental perspectives converted to monetary units
and ultimately presented as a monetary value.
Slaper( 2019) states that economic variables ought to be
variables that deal with the bottom line and the flow of
money. It could look at income or expenditures, taxes,
business climate factors, employment,andbusinessdiversity
factors. Environmental variables should represent
measurements of natural resources and reflect potential
influences to its viability. It could incorporate air and water
quality, energy consumption, natural resources, solid and
toxic waste, and land use/land cover. Ideally, having long-
range trends available for each of the environmental
variables would help organizations identify the impacts a
project or policy would have on the area. Social variables
refer to social dimensions of a community or region and
could include measurements of education, equity andaccess
to social resources, health andwell-being, quality oflife, and
social capital.
Habib&Bahar (2014). States that relation between one
quantity or performance indicator over another, expressed
mathematically and tries to summarize a huge database for
one eye view regarding the financial performance of a firm.
Financial performance principally reflects business sector
outcomes and results that shows overall financial health of
the sector over a specific period of time. It indicateshowwell
an entity is utilizing its resources to maximize the
shareholders wealth and profitability. However, a complete
evaluation of a firm’s financial performance takes into
accounts, many other different kind of measures. Market
Value Per Share: The market value per share or fair market
value of a stock is the price at which a stock can be readily
bought or sold in the current market place. Peavler(2018)in
his article state that, the market value per share is the going
price of a share stock. A company’s worth or total value is
called its market capitalization or market cap, and it is
represented by the company’s stock price multiplied by the
number of shares outstanding (Accountancy tool 2019).
Theoretical Review
Two theories are presented in this work Stakeholder theory
will help us explain triple bottom line while Stewardship
Theory will help us explain financial performance.
Stakeholders Theory: Freeman and Reed (1983) have
identified stakeholders as ‘those groups who have an
interest in the actions of the Corporation’. In a follow-up
study, freeman and Reed (1984) revisited stakeholders
theory and redefined stakeholders ‘as any individual or
group who has aninterest in the firm becuase they canaffect
or is affected by the firm’s activities’ . From this definition, it
is understood that the meaning of stakeholdersisverybroad
indeed, going beyond those that have purely formal or
contractual ties to the organsition. other authors
subsequently writing on the subject have defined
stakeholders similarly. Evan and Freeman (1988) clarified
the definition by stating that stakeholders are ‘those groups
who have a stake in or a claim on the firm’. They hav
specifically outlined suppliers, customers, employees,
stockholders, the local community and management as the
stakeholder groups of an organisation. Casanova (2010)has
defined a stakeholder as ‘any individual or group who can
affect or is affected by the actions, decisions, policies,
practices, or goals of the organisation’. Stakeholders can be
identified by the legitimacy of their claims which is
sustantiated by a relationship of exchange between
themselves and the organisation, and hence stakeholders
include shareholders, creditors, managers, employees,
customers, suppliers, local communities and the general
public. Hill and Snell, (2008) argued that term stakeholder
refers to groups of constituents who have a legitimate claim
on the firm. This legitimacy is establsihed through the
existence of an exchange relationshipo, that is, an
identifiable contract can be shown to exist between two
parties. Stakehoders include stockholder, creditors,
managers, employees, customers, suppliers, local
communities and the general public. Each of these groups
can be seen as supplying the firm with critical resources
(contributions)and in exchange eachexpects its intereststo
be satisfied.
Stewardship theory: takes an opposite persepctive, it
suggests that the agens are trustworthy and good stewards
of the resoruces entursted in them, whichmakes monitoring
unecessay (Donaldson, & Preston, 2005).Sincemanagersare
not opportunistic and act in the best interests of owners,
they should also be given autonormy based on trust,andthis
reduces the cost of monitoring and controlling their
behaviour. Donaldson, and Preston (2005), (Ihendinihu,
2009) observes, “Organisational role – holdersareconceived
as being motivated by the need to achieve and exercise
responsibility and authority, to gain satisfaction through
effectively performing essentially challenging work, and to
gain recognition from peers and bosses”. According to
stewardship theory, the behaviour of the steward is
celective, because the steward seeks to achieve the
organisation’s goals (e.g profitability). This in turn, benefits
the principals through the positive effects to profits on
Earnings Per Share, Economic Value Added, Net Asset Value
Per Share, Market Value Per Share, etc (Davis, Hillier &
McCollgan, 2007) managers believe that there interests are
aligned with those of the firm’s owners. Baily, Harte and
Sugdai, (2007) argue that managers also want to protect
their reputations as expert decision makers. As a result,
managers run the firm a manner that amplifies finanacial
performance, includes shareholder returns, as the firms’
performance impacts directly on perception of their
individual performance.
Empirical Review
Deegan (2002) in his work titled “The Legitimizing Effect of
Social and Environmental Disclosures” claims that
organizations should provide ‘accounts’ of not only their
financial performance, but also of their social and
environmental performance. Moreover, he dismiss the
traditional financial reporting frameworks suggestions. He
also highlights the apparent absurdity ofusingmarket-based
mechanisms, suchascap and trade systemsfor pollutantsto
solve social and environmental problems that were
effectively caused by ‘the market’. He having questioningthe
role of accounting and business educators in instilling some
form of personal social responsibility in the minds of
students.
Slaper (2018) in an article tittled The Triple Bottom Line:
What Is It and How Does It Work?. This article reviews the
Triple Bottom Lineconcept, explains how itcan be usefulfor
businesses, policy-makers and economic development
practitioners and highlights some current examples of
putting the Triple Bottom Line into practice. There is no
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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universal standard method forcalculating theTripleBottom
Line. Neither is there a universally accepted standard forthe
measures thatcomprise each of the three TripleBottomLine
categories. This can be viewed as a strength because it
allowsa user to adapt the general framework to the needsof
different entities businesses or nonprofits, differentprojects
or policies infrastructure investment or educational
programs, or different geographic boundaries (a city, region
or country). Both a business and local government agency
may gauge environmental sustainability in the same terms,
say reducing the amount of solid waste that goes into
landfills, but a local mass transit might measure success in
terms of passenger miles, while a for-profit bus company
would measure success in terms of earnings per share.
McElroy, (2019) in an article titled “An ode to the triple
bottom line” using monocapitalism to multicapitalism to
analyze Sustainability performance, as a measure of the
degree to whichan organization’s impacts on vitalresources
are sustainable. Just as the financial performance of a
company can be assessed in terms of its impacts on
economic capitaland a broader performance be interpreted
in terms of impacts on all capitals: natural; human; social;
constructed; economic; and intellectual resources.Whatthis
shows is not only the important distinction we can make
between instrumentalist and sustainability accounting but
also the related difference between instrumentalist and
context-based metrics. Whereas the latter (context-based
metrics) take situational and capital-specific circumstances
explicitly into account (such as limits in availability), the
former (instrumentalist metrics)do not. Only context-based
metrics take the idea of sustainability performance to heart,
yet barely a handful oforganizationsactually do it. Arguably
most important inall of thisis the need to understandthatin
order to take effective action, managers and policymakers
must haveaccess to information that is bothauthentic(truly
fit for purpose) and reliable. This is no less the case when it
comes to managing sustainability performance. In order to
measure up, sustainability metrics mustbecontext-based,as
must the Triple Bottom Line itself so long as it purports to
comprise a measure of sustainability performance (McElrol
2019).
Methodology
This studyadopt a cross-sectional and ex-postfastoresearch
design, we will examine the inter-relationship among
variables using data obtained from Nigeria Stock Exchange
on a cross section of listed manufacturing firms inconsumer
goods product in specific periods of 2013 to 2017. From the
daily official list, it is stated that there are twenty one (21)
publicly-owned quoted firms under consumer goods firms
(Biliamin, 2017). the predictor variable of this study: Triple
bottom line Accounting and the criterion variable: Financial
Performance in the secondary data wasmeasured(Baridam,
2011). The Secondary data, the predictor and criterion
variables of this study were cardinal information (data
derived from the annual report of quoted manufacturing
firms in Nigeria as obtained from the Nigerian Stock
Exchange (NSE) (Biliamin, 2017). The independent
(predictor) variable which is Triple bottom line Accounting
is indicated by Economic Cost, EC(Fund Employed ), Social
Cost, SC (Education Tax), Environmental cost, EVC
(Environmental Cost). (OECD 2003; USC 2011;
Investopedia.com, 2018). While the dependent (criterion)
variable (Financial Performance indicators is, Market Value
Per Share).In order to ascertain the truth andconsistencyof
our result, the results obtained will be subjected to statisical
test using the parametric statistical procedures. In this
regard, the parametric statistical test is to be adopted in
testing our hypotheses at a significant level of 0.05. A
significant level of 0.05 shows that; there are 5 chances in a
hundred that a true null hypothesis would be rejected. This
test is said to be significant if the hypothesis is null (H0)
disregarded at 0.05 significant level, while the hypothesesin
alternate (H1) accepted. Therefore, the parametric test that
is to be used, is Panel Least Square regression and Multiple
Regression.
Data Analysis
The descriptive analyses of the variables in this work were conducted for the Industrial Goods in this section. Financial
performance of quoted production firms in Nigeria formed a panel studies data; and the descriptive analyses of each of the
series were taking to assess the measure of variability obtainable in the series before further estimations will be carried out.
Table 1.1: Result of Descriptive Analysis
MVPS EC EVC SC
Mean 687.3115 8.20E+08 44791292 4840355.
Median 31.91000 2283489. 1852.000 45335.00
Maximum 8553.000 1.44E+10 6.62E+08 1.01E+08
Minimum 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
Std. Dev. 1857.897 2.96E+09 1.47E+08 17876151
Skewness 3.288539 3.535721 3.626747 3.987730
Kurtosis 12.74684 14.12146 14.63060 18.83964
Jarque-Bera 316.8431 398.0448 430.5678 720.7342
Probability 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
Sum 37802.13 4.51E+10 2.46E+09 2.66E+08
Sum Sq. Dev. 1.86E+08 4.74E+20 1.16E+18 1.73E+16
Observations 55 55 55 55
Source: Researcher’s Eviews Output 2019
The four variables in this work were all selected to have coverage of almost all the important indicators of industrial goods in
production firms in Nigeria. The selected variables include Market Value Per Share (MVPS) which is the dependent variable
while the independents variables are: Economic Cost (EC), Social Cost(SC) and Environmental Cost (EVC). Thecombinationof
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD31844 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2020 Page 546
these indicators in this researchis believed by the researcher to be able to generate the true picture of the production firms in
Nigeria.
The result of the descriptive analyses asshown on table 4.8 indicates that the MVPS whichis the dependentvariable,hasahigh
level of spread as its values range from the minimum value of 0.0000 to maximum of 8553.000. This suggests that the
variations in the industrialgoods in this studyare not normally spread ascan be deduced by its median score of 31.91000and
mean score of 687approximately. It indicates that these tripled bottom line have much variation in their behavioralpatternas
regarding MVPS. The standard deviation of 1857.897 obtained for the series also suggests that the observationsarenotclosely
clustered around the mean.
EC hasa low level of spread. Thisisin consideration of the maximum value of 0.00000000144asagainst the minimumvalueof
0.000 as well as the median score of 2283489. This shows that EC of industrial goods has a wide level of variability within the
study time frame of 2013 to 2017. It also suggests that EC may have improved over time or fluctuated significantly. EC is also
found to have some data points lyingawayfrom the meanscore of 0.00000082 pointing to the factthatEChasmoredatapoints
that are close to the minimum score that those closer to the maximum score. The central valueof22604258i.e.themedianisfar
from the maximum value and beinga value at the middle, it implies thatmore than half of the data points on ECarelessthanor
equal to 2283489; hence we can say that the performance of the listed manufacturing firms within the five years period
covered by the study is relative low side considering the maximum score of 0.00000000144. The standard deviation of the
variable also supports this findingas its value of 0.0000000296 implies a minimal deviationfromoftheobservationsfromtheir
mean.
EVC is another variable in the industrial goods from the standpoint of frequencies, according to the result obtained on the
above table 1.1, EVC ranged from the minimumvalue of 0.000000 times to maximum of 0.000000662inayearacrossthelisted
manufacturing firms in Nigeria. However, these extreme values will not be enough to make a logical conclusion without
recourse to the mid-values as depicted by the mean and median values which are 44791292 and 1852.000 respectively. The
mean asa measure ofcentral tendency herein suggests that average industrial goodsamong our panel has44791292inayear.
The median value of 1852.000 also indicates the observations are well spread around their mean suggestingthat theselected
banks in this study have varying degree of EVC frequencies which are not tilted to any one side of the two extremities.
SC is another variable in the industrial goods, from the descriptive analysis result obtained, the minimum value of 0.000
suggests that in a year, at least one of the industrial goods in the study panel has a SC of 0.000. But the maximum value of
0.000000101. The observations for SC appears not to be well dispersed judging from its median score of 45335.00.
Summarily from the results of the descriptive analysis, the data obtained and described above showed a manageable level of
spread though they all have a Jarque-Bera probability values of less than 5%, hence the researcher deemed it fit to be utilized
for the purpose of analyzing the objectives raised in the initial section of this work.
Panel unit root test was conducted in this section for the industrial goods to check for possible stationarity in the data series
prior to the estimation ofco-integration test and panel regression of the variables. The Levin, Lin &Chu (LLC)andADF-Fisher
Chi-square methods for common and individual unit root processes respectively were adopted and results for each of the
variables at level are shown on table1.2 above.
From the results obtained on table1.2, with respect to all the variables at level, all the series except for asingle variable that
have a probability value of less than 5% with the assumption of common unit root processes so it is concluded that one of the
variables in this study still possess unit root at level when the assumption ofcommon unit root is made.However,inthesecond
process whichassumesan individual unit root process, some variables do not have unit root. Hencewe proceedtoconductthe
test again at first differencing since all the variables are not integrated at the order 1(0).
Panel Unit Root Test Results for Industrial Goods
Table 1.2: Panel Unit Root at Level
Method Statistic Prob.** Cross-sections Obs
Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)
Levin, Lin & Chu t* 5.54440 1.0000 10 40
Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)
Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat 2.51922 0.9941 10 40
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 10.2448 0.9635 10 40
PP - Fisher Chi-square 8.08561 0.9913 10 40
** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi
-square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.
Source: Researchers’ Eviews Output 2019
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Table 1.3: Panel Unit Root at First Differencing
Method Statistic Prob.** Cross-sections Obs
Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)
Levin, Lin & Chu t* 36.4535 1.0000 10 30
Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 23.2507 0.2767 10 30
PP - Fisher Chi-square 29.8734 0.0719 10 30
** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi
-square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.
Source: Researchers’ Eviews Output 2019
The panel unit root conducted again at first differencing yielded the results as shown on table 1.3 above.
The probability values ofall the series at first differencingare less than 5%, hence we reject the null hypotheses proposedthat
the series each possess a unit root thereby accepting the alternative hypotheses for all the series. Thus we conclude that the
series are integrated in the order 1(1).
This section deals with the estimation of panel co-integration test of all the variables in this study. The essence is to assess the
possibility of having a linear combination of one or more of these variables producing a long run relationship. The study
applied the Kao Engle Granger based method to analyze the extent of possible co-integration that exists among the variables;
results obtained are presented on table 1.4 below.
Panel Co-integration Analysis Result for Industrial Goods
Table 1.4: Panel Co-integration Test for Industrial Goods
Kao Residual Cointegration Test
Series: D(MVPS) D(EC) D(EVC) D(SC)
Date: 08/18/19 Time: 08:39
Sample: 2013 2017
Included observations: 55
Null Hypothesis: No cointegration
Trend assumption: No deterministic trend
Automatic lag length selection based on SIC with a max lag of 0
Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel
t-Statistic Prob.
ADF -12.75014 0.0000
Residual variance 866596.2
HAC variance 810935.1
Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation
Dependent Variable: D(RESID)
Method: Least Squares
Date: 08/18/19 Time: 08:39
Sample (adjusted): 2015 2017
Included observations: 33 after adjustments
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
RESID(-1) -1.284286 0.087315 -14.70861 0.0000
R-squared 0.869533 Mean dependent var -120.6788
Adjusted R-squared 0.869533 S.D. dependent var 1095.329
S.E. of regression 395.6353 Akaike info criterion 14.82870
Sum squared resid 5008874. Schwarz criterion 14.87405
Log likelihood -243.6735 Hannan-Quinn criter. 14.84396
Durbin-Watson stat 0.403717
Source: Researchers’ Eviews Output 2019
The findings on the table reveal that there could be long run association between Triple Bottom Line AccountingandFinancial
Performance of Quoted Industrial Goods Production Firms in Nigeria. The t-statistics of the Augmented Dickey-Fuller has a
probability ofless than 5% so weaccept that the variables may possess significant long run relationship and therebyconclude
that Economic Cost (EC), Social Cost (SC) and Environmental Cost (EVC) exhibit a long run relationship with their Financial
Performance of Quoted Industrial Goods Production Firms in Nigeria.It is therefore logical to assume that Triple Bottom Line
Accounting variables can possibly influence Financial Performance of Quoted Industrial Goods Production Firms in Nigeria
using the Market Value Per Share model.
Discussion of Industrial Goods Regression Results
The estimation of the nature and direction of relationship between Triple Bottom Line Accounting indicators and Financial
Performance of Quoted Production Firms inNigeria was conducted in this section using multiple regression analysis;andalso
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adopting the fixed and random effect model for panel data. Using the fixed/random effect model entails making a choice
between the fixed effect regression and random effect regression output. This choice was to be made on the basis of the
outcome of hausman test probability value.
Table 1.5: Hausman Test for Fixed and Random Effects Models
Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test
Equation: Untitled
Test cross-section random effects
Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob.
Cross-section random 5.833942 3 0.1200
** WARNING: estimated cross-section random effects variance is zero.
Cross-section random effects test comparisons:
Variable Fixed Random Var(Diff.) Prob.
D(EC) -0.000000 -0.000000 0.000000 0.8894
D(EVC) 0.000013 0.000007 0.000000 0.0158
D(SC) -0.000001 -0.000004 0.000000 0.4637
Cross-section random effects test equation:
Dependent Variable: D(MVPS)
Method: Panel Least Squares
Date: 08/18/19 Time: 08:42
Sample (adjusted): 2014 2017
Periods included: 4
Cross-sections included: 11
Total panel (balanced) observations: 44
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C -142.8111 134.4134 -1.062477 0.2965
D(EC) -2.56E-08 7.05E-08 -0.362973 0.7192
D(EVC) 1.26E-05 3.05E-06 4.136184 0.0003
D(SC) -8.39E-07 1.10E-05 -0.076451 0.9396
Effects Specification
Cross-section fixed (dummy variables)
R-squared 0.384725 Mean dependent var 30.59955
Adjusted R-squared 0.118105 S.D. dependent var 884.0655
S.E. of regression 830.2193 Akaike info criterion 16.53463
Sum squared resid 20677922 Schwarz criterion 17.10232
Log likelihood -349.7618 Hannan-Quinn criter. 16.74516
F-statistic 1.442973 Durbin-Watson stat 2.432815
Prob(F-statistic) 0.197513
Source: Researcher’s Eviews Computation 2019
The Hausmantest proposes a set of hypothesis in the null and alternative forms as follows:
H0: Random effect regression model is more appropriate
H1: Fixed effect regression model is more appropriate.
According to the result obtained for the hausman test for manufacturing sector on table 1.6 above, there is a significant result
for the Chi-square statistics of the hausman test.
The null hypothesis of the above test proposes the acceptance of the random effectmodel whichassumesa mean value forthe
intercepts of the various listed manufacturingfirmswhereas the alternative hypothesissuggeststhatthefixedeffectregression
model is appropriate including the assumption that though intercepts may differ among the various firms, it remains time
invariant.
However, the result of the Hausman test havinga probability value of less than 5% accepted benchmarkwillleadtoacceptance
of the alternative hypothesis and conclusion that fixed effect regression model is the appropriate model for this analysis.
Based on the conclusion of the hausman test results on 1.5 above, the regression result whichwasconducted usingfixedeffect
model was adopted and shown.
Table 1.6 contains the regression result obtained for all the Triple Bottom Line Accounting indicators in this study and
Financial Performance of Quoted ProductionFirmsin Nigeria. The result shows thatD(EC) hasa negativeandsignificanteffect
on Financial Performance of Quoted Production Firmsin Nigeria. This isbecause the beta coefficient of ECatthelagofoneyear
yields a negative value which suggests that D(EC) attractsa directassociation ofFinancial Performance of Quoted Production
Firms.
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Table 1.6: Panel Multiple Regression of Triple Bottom Line on industrial goods
Cross-section random effects test equation:
Dependent Variable: D(MVPS)
Method: Panel Least Squares
Date: 08/18/19 Time: 08:42
Sample (adjusted): 2014 2017
Periods included: 4
Cross-sections included: 11
Total panel (balanced) observations: 44
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C -142.8111 134.4134 -1.062477 0.2965
D(EC) -2.56E-08 7.05E-08 -0.362973 0.7192
D(EVC) 1.26E-05 3.05E-06 4.136184 0.0003
D(SC) -8.39E-07 1.10E-05 -0.076451 0.9396
Effects Specification
Cross-section fixed (dummy variables)
R-squared 0.384725 Mean dependent var 30.59955
Adjusted R-squared 0.118105 S.D. dependent var 884.0655
S.E. of regression 830.2193 Akaike info criterion 16.53463
Sum squared resid 20677922 Schwarz criterion 17.10232
Log likelihood -349.7618 Hannan-Quinn criter. 16.74516
F-statistic 1.442973 Durbin-Watson stat 2.432815
Prob(F-statistic) 0.197513
Source: Researcher’s Eviews Computations 2019
The results on table 1.6 above shows the regression result
obtained for Triple BottomLine Accountingin thisstudyand
Financial Performance of Quoted Production Firms in
Nigeria. The result shows thatSocialCost (SC) of these firms
as an integral part of Triple Bottom Line Accounting have a
positive effect on Financial Performance of Quoted
Production Firms in Nigeria. This is because the beta
coefficient of ECat the lag of three years hasa positive result
which suggests that Social Cost (SC) of the Triple Bottom
Line Accounting moves in the same direction with Financial
Performance of Quoted Production Firms in Nigeria. The
significance of this result is 72%as shown by the probability
value of the Economic Cost (EC) t-statistics.
So the study argues on the merit of thisfinding thatFinancial
Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria of
selected industrial goods is directly responsive to their
Economic Cost (EC) albeit at a non-statistically significant
level. So we conclude that Economic Cost (EC) hasa negative
but not significant effect on the Financial Performance of
Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria.
The Environmental Cost (EVC) is another variable of Triple
Bottom Line Accounting, it hasa positive significanteffecton
the Financial Performance of Quoted Production Firms in
this study. The findings on table 1.6 above suggests that
increased frequencies of Environmental Cost (EVC) for the
Triple Bottom Line Accounting in this study are associated
by a corresponding increase in the Financial Performanceof
Quoted Production Firms.
Social Cost (SC) has a negative and non-significant effect on
the Financial Performance of Quoted Production Firms as
evidenced by the beta coefficient value of –0.00000839.This
implies that Social Cost (SC) of Triple Bottom Line
Accounting does not move together with their Financial
Performance of Quoted Production Firms.
However, the residual statistics of the multiple regression
model suggests that our regression model which regressed
Triple Bottom Line Accounting on Financial Performance of
Quoted Production Firmsiswell-fitted. Thisis becausether-
squared outcome of 38% underscores the ability of the
selected explanatory variables to predict changes that occur
in the Financial Performance of Quoted Production Firms.
The probability value of the f-statistics is significant at 1%
lending credibility to regression equationand powers of the
independent variables in predicting changes that occur in
the Financial Performance of Quoted Production Firms in
Nigeria of the selected industrial goods. The regression
model is also supported by the outcome of the Durbin-
Watson statisticsis in the neighbourhood of 2indicatingthat
possible absence ofautocorrelation in the regression model.
Hence the study argues that Triple Bottom Line Accounting
attributes jointly explains the variations that occur in
Financial Performance of Quoted Production Firms to a
significant extent.
CONCLUSION
It is clear that Triple Bottom Line Accounting jointly have
significant influence on Financial Performance of Quoted
Production Firms in Nigeria, it was established that
Economic Cost(EC) and Environmental Cost (EVC) have a
positive and significant effect on the variables of financial
performance of Quoted Production firms in Nigeria while
Social Cost have negative and non-significant effect on the
variable of financial performance of QuotedProductionfirms
in Nigeria. Hence, the following recommendationsaremade.
The regulatory authorities, such as the Financial Reporting
Council (FRC), Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) and Securities
and Exchange Commission (SEC) to be able to issue out
necessary compliance directives and improve their
compliance monitoring mechanisms to ensure a reasonable
level of compliance byall companies to presenttheiraccount
reports in compliance with triple bottom line accounting
pattern. Business management and managers should adopt
triple bottom line as a guide to report to stakeholder on the
allocation of benefits not only to shareholders but to other
stake holders.
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