The document discusses the need for street light replacement in India to support the "Make in India" campaign. It notes that India faces a deficit between electricity demand and supply that hinders industrialization. Replacing traditional street lights with LED lights could help address this deficit by saving a significant amount of electricity. LED lights last longer, are more efficient, and provide flexibility in lighting that traditional sodium vapor lamps lack. The document argues that widespread street light replacement using LED technology could generate enough electricity savings to help bridge India's power gap and further the goals of the "Make in India" initiative to boost industrialization and economic growth.
Reducing energy intensity of the Indian economy, Rakesh Kumar Choudhary, Mini...ESD UNU-IAS
This lecture is part of the 2016 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers’ School on sustainable energy for transforming lives: availability, accessibility, affordability
Study of Renewable Energy Sources in India - A ReviewIRJEETJournal
Energy is at the heart of most critical economic, environmental and developmental issues facing the world today. Clean, efficient, affordable and reliable energy services are indispensable for global prosperity. India with a population of 1.2 billion people, is one of the largest and fastest growing economies in the world. There is always a very strong demand for energy, which currently comes mainly from coal, oil and other sources which are non-renewable. Also, the consumption of these energies is harmful for the environment.
This means that “India has to switch from non-renewable energy (oil and coal) to renewable energy or find some alternative options for energy sources”. The Indian government has already taken several steps and launched various agencies and platforms to achieve its goal of becoming one of the world's leading producers of clean energy. Renewable energy is the energy of a resource that can be replaced by existing energy sources such as solar, wind, water, biological processes and geothermal heat fluxes. These energy resources can be used directly or indirectly as forms of energy. In this paper we will discuss the potential areas and technological opportunities in this direction in the context of India.
Reducing energy intensity of the Indian economy, Rakesh Kumar Choudhary, Mini...ESD UNU-IAS
This lecture is part of the 2016 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers’ School on sustainable energy for transforming lives: availability, accessibility, affordability
Study of Renewable Energy Sources in India - A ReviewIRJEETJournal
Energy is at the heart of most critical economic, environmental and developmental issues facing the world today. Clean, efficient, affordable and reliable energy services are indispensable for global prosperity. India with a population of 1.2 billion people, is one of the largest and fastest growing economies in the world. There is always a very strong demand for energy, which currently comes mainly from coal, oil and other sources which are non-renewable. Also, the consumption of these energies is harmful for the environment.
This means that “India has to switch from non-renewable energy (oil and coal) to renewable energy or find some alternative options for energy sources”. The Indian government has already taken several steps and launched various agencies and platforms to achieve its goal of becoming one of the world's leading producers of clean energy. Renewable energy is the energy of a resource that can be replaced by existing energy sources such as solar, wind, water, biological processes and geothermal heat fluxes. These energy resources can be used directly or indirectly as forms of energy. In this paper we will discuss the potential areas and technological opportunities in this direction in the context of India.
Successful implementation of DR program is possible if the users participates into it willingly without compromising with their comfortable life style
DR program does not ensure same amount of benefit for all the participating players i.e, some may be incentivized whwre as some can receive penality.
The employment of DR relies on the reliable,robust and secure communication system.
Choice of efficient energy price structure is the main key factor to attract the users towards DR programs.
India’s dependence on coal for energy production is worrying. There is an urgent need to diversify energy sources; it could mean the difference between a robust economy and ones that struggles.
MSLGROUP in India’s latest public affairs newsletter analyses the government’s efforts to establish a renewable energy paradigm.
With solar power prices falling, it is clearly the focus of the push. Wind is another priority area. Ambitious targets have been set but the plan has its flaws. Critics point out that innovative funding models are required, so are tax incentives.
‘Public Affairs Round-up’ also puts under the microscope two landmark legislations – the controversial Land Acquisition Bill and the Insurance Bill. Both have been the subject of intense debate. While industry has lauded both of them, critics say the bills would have an adverse social and economic impact.
Similarly, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) finds itself at the centre of a political storm. A consensus among the states on it was elusive even as the government committed to implementing it next year.
What will they mean for India and will they help achieve the economic resurrection the country needs?
We hope you enjoy reading it. For more information or feedback connect with our India team @MSLGROUP_India or reach out to us on Twitter @msl_group.
Renewable Energy: An Assessment of Public Awareness in Jhansi Neeleshkumar Maurya
ABSTRACT India is one of the countries with the largest production of energy from renewable sources (solar light, bio gas, hydro, bio diesel, wind etc). Jhansi city has a very good scope to generate renewable energy due to their geographical situation and environmental factors. Diffusion methods are a key factor in promoting renewable energy production. Present time Indian government uses different types of effective extension education and diffusion method a deep gap which needs to be addressed in the area of energy education and awareness in India. This study aims to address the awareness of renewable energy and running Indian government different subsidy scheme like Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), Government Yojana: Solar Energy Subsidy Scheme, UDAY Scheme, SECI scheme, ROOFTOP scheme. Methodology used sample size was 250 respondents from Jhansi three different local area were chosen Shiva Ji Nagar, Veerangana, Kochha Bhanwar its duration from November 2018 to February 2019. Questionnaire based on self-structured questionnaires including demographic data that includes gender, age, income, education, area of residence, life quality, and interest of implementation. The statistical analysis used percentage and ratio, stated that middle class and rural respondents were more (76%)interested to use renewable energy, government launched different schemes but 96 % respondent had no knowledge. The government needs to improve its diffusion method that changes Indian people’s view of renewable energy not only economically but eco-friendly and helpful in various type of health issues. Keywords: Awareness -Renewable Energy, Diffusion method, government subsidy, eco-friendly.
India renewable energy sector analysisRajesh Sarma
"India Renewable Energy Sector Analysis” Report gives detailed overview on the following aspect related to renewable energy sector in India:
Significance of renewable energy for India
Installed capacity by various renewable energy resources.
Government support and incentives for promotion of renewable energy by segment.
Current Scenario of decentralize/off grid renewable energy.
New sources of renewable energy: Hydro, Geothermal & Tidal energy.
Detailed policy framework related to renewable energy sector.
Future outlook for renewable energy in India
Foreign policy has topped the agenda of the Narendra Modi government in its first few months. Soon after taking charge, Prime Minister Modi completed a strategic engagement with the world’s three largest economies – Japan, China and the US – which together account for approximately 40% of the global GDP. This was part of a larger international reach-out that included neighbouring countries.
The government’s foreign policy accentuates three elements: economic engagement, security cooperation and energy security. The latest edition of MSLGROUP in India’s ‘Public Affairs Round-up’ (PAR) newsletter analyses the significant progress of the policy.
A rejuvenation of the economy cannot be achieved without reforms that are in keeping with the business environment and needs. These include achieving a critical balance between ecological conservation and industrial expansion, as well as more efficient public sector governance. This edition of PAR includes an infographic on the key reforms required.
For all of the above, a digital ecosystem could prove to be the game-changer. India has flagged off the Rs 1,13,000 crore ‘e-Kranti’, or ‘Digital India’, initiative – the world’s most ambitious broadband project. MSLGROUP in India puts the initiative under the microscope.
We hope you enjoy reading it. For more information or feedback connect with our India team @MSLGROUP_India or reach out to us on Twitter @msl_group.
Successful implementation of DR program is possible if the users participates into it willingly without compromising with their comfortable life style
DR program does not ensure same amount of benefit for all the participating players i.e, some may be incentivized whwre as some can receive penality.
The employment of DR relies on the reliable,robust and secure communication system.
Choice of efficient energy price structure is the main key factor to attract the users towards DR programs.
India’s dependence on coal for energy production is worrying. There is an urgent need to diversify energy sources; it could mean the difference between a robust economy and ones that struggles.
MSLGROUP in India’s latest public affairs newsletter analyses the government’s efforts to establish a renewable energy paradigm.
With solar power prices falling, it is clearly the focus of the push. Wind is another priority area. Ambitious targets have been set but the plan has its flaws. Critics point out that innovative funding models are required, so are tax incentives.
‘Public Affairs Round-up’ also puts under the microscope two landmark legislations – the controversial Land Acquisition Bill and the Insurance Bill. Both have been the subject of intense debate. While industry has lauded both of them, critics say the bills would have an adverse social and economic impact.
Similarly, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) finds itself at the centre of a political storm. A consensus among the states on it was elusive even as the government committed to implementing it next year.
What will they mean for India and will they help achieve the economic resurrection the country needs?
We hope you enjoy reading it. For more information or feedback connect with our India team @MSLGROUP_India or reach out to us on Twitter @msl_group.
Renewable Energy: An Assessment of Public Awareness in Jhansi Neeleshkumar Maurya
ABSTRACT India is one of the countries with the largest production of energy from renewable sources (solar light, bio gas, hydro, bio diesel, wind etc). Jhansi city has a very good scope to generate renewable energy due to their geographical situation and environmental factors. Diffusion methods are a key factor in promoting renewable energy production. Present time Indian government uses different types of effective extension education and diffusion method a deep gap which needs to be addressed in the area of energy education and awareness in India. This study aims to address the awareness of renewable energy and running Indian government different subsidy scheme like Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), Government Yojana: Solar Energy Subsidy Scheme, UDAY Scheme, SECI scheme, ROOFTOP scheme. Methodology used sample size was 250 respondents from Jhansi three different local area were chosen Shiva Ji Nagar, Veerangana, Kochha Bhanwar its duration from November 2018 to February 2019. Questionnaire based on self-structured questionnaires including demographic data that includes gender, age, income, education, area of residence, life quality, and interest of implementation. The statistical analysis used percentage and ratio, stated that middle class and rural respondents were more (76%)interested to use renewable energy, government launched different schemes but 96 % respondent had no knowledge. The government needs to improve its diffusion method that changes Indian people’s view of renewable energy not only economically but eco-friendly and helpful in various type of health issues. Keywords: Awareness -Renewable Energy, Diffusion method, government subsidy, eco-friendly.
India renewable energy sector analysisRajesh Sarma
"India Renewable Energy Sector Analysis” Report gives detailed overview on the following aspect related to renewable energy sector in India:
Significance of renewable energy for India
Installed capacity by various renewable energy resources.
Government support and incentives for promotion of renewable energy by segment.
Current Scenario of decentralize/off grid renewable energy.
New sources of renewable energy: Hydro, Geothermal & Tidal energy.
Detailed policy framework related to renewable energy sector.
Future outlook for renewable energy in India
Foreign policy has topped the agenda of the Narendra Modi government in its first few months. Soon after taking charge, Prime Minister Modi completed a strategic engagement with the world’s three largest economies – Japan, China and the US – which together account for approximately 40% of the global GDP. This was part of a larger international reach-out that included neighbouring countries.
The government’s foreign policy accentuates three elements: economic engagement, security cooperation and energy security. The latest edition of MSLGROUP in India’s ‘Public Affairs Round-up’ (PAR) newsletter analyses the significant progress of the policy.
A rejuvenation of the economy cannot be achieved without reforms that are in keeping with the business environment and needs. These include achieving a critical balance between ecological conservation and industrial expansion, as well as more efficient public sector governance. This edition of PAR includes an infographic on the key reforms required.
For all of the above, a digital ecosystem could prove to be the game-changer. India has flagged off the Rs 1,13,000 crore ‘e-Kranti’, or ‘Digital India’, initiative – the world’s most ambitious broadband project. MSLGROUP in India puts the initiative under the microscope.
We hope you enjoy reading it. For more information or feedback connect with our India team @MSLGROUP_India or reach out to us on Twitter @msl_group.
Trata-se de uma dinâmica interativa em sala de aula, com o uso de software educativo , afim de construir o conhecimento de uma forma lúdica e eficaz, motivando o aluno a aprendizagem
Negociar prestações no financiamento habitacionalGilberto Melo
Veja as dicas para negociar as prestações do seu crédito imobiliário.
Imprevistos acontecem e acabam impactando a vida financeira, por isso apresentamos algumas dicas que podem ajudar você a se organizar de forma mais saudável possível e negociar prestações.
Pós NRF 2015 BTR|NOVAREJO Vistas Técnicas - Circuito Inovação. Renato Muller fala sobre as visitas técnicas exclusivas para a Delegação BTR|NOVAREJO com atenção ao Circuito Inovação. 8 Tendências para o Varejo. Eduardo Terra é sócio da BTR Educação e Consultoria e Presidente da SBVC (Sociedade Brasileira de Varejo e Consumo). O Pós-NRF BTR|NOVAREJO trouxe uma retrospectiva detalhada do melhor conteúdo apresentado no NRF BIG SHOW 2015. Com análises inteligentes e conclusões instigantes, o objetivo foi compartilhar ideias e informações valiosas apresentadas para garantir que executivos como você possam assimilar as melhores práticas e estratégias decisivas para orientar os seus negócios.
India’ s energy consumption is set to grow by 4.2 per cent a year by 2035, faster than that of all major economies in the world .
However, India’ s per capita consumption of electricity stood at 1075 kWh in 2015-16 , the lowest amongst the BRICS countries. India is last among the top 10 developing and developed nations on this front. The country’ s per capita consumption is almost a third of what is required to grow in the
contemporary world and almost one twelfth of the nations like the USA, Canada and China. The figures suggest that India is going to need more power than it currently produces to upkeep its development, economy and the growth story intact. This is not going to be easy through its conventional energy sources. Now, with the increasing emphasis on clean power and rising concern of climate change, a lot of it must be powered by renewable energy.
India is endowed with 300 days of sunshine a year . While it has a huge landmass, the country is densely populated which leads to scarcity of large tract of unused land for solar parks. Little wonder then, RTS is going to be the key to India’ s current power needs. With strong sunshine beating down on rooftops, the future of solar in India is bright indeed.
India's power sector is one of the most diversified in the world. Sources of power generation range from conventional sources such as coal, lignite, natural gas, oil, hydro and nuclear power to viable non-conventional sources such as wind, solar, and agricultural and domestic waste.
Achieving Universal Electrification in India: A Roadmap for Rural Solar Mini-...The Rockefeller Foundation
Access to electricity has been an essential force in India’s recent growth and progress. If India is to become a true leader on the global stage, such progress needs to continue, particularly for low-income rural communities. Unlike in decades past, however, India can no longer provide electricity to its citizens purely from conventional sources like coal, gas and large hydroelectric dams. It is time to turn the page, and to embrace the new generation of clean technologies.
The sheer number of Indian citizens without reliable electricity underscores the magnitude of the challenge. At the same time, the scale of the Indian market presents a tremendous opportunity for innovative solutions. Solar power has made inroads into the Indian market, and can soon become cost competitive with conventional sources. However, a number of technological and business innovations are needed to make it affordable, especially for India’s rural poor. This report analyses the underlying challenges in making solar power a reality in rural
This report analyses the underlying challenges in making solar power a reality in rural India and identifies what actions can be taken to overcome them. In doing so, it lays a strong foundation for helping India achieve universal electrification. It also introduces a roadmap for helping India become a true global leader in clean energy, not just for itself, but also for the rest of the developing world.
Mr Dhanendra Kumar's was invited to deliver a lecture primarily addressing the students at the USC Marshall School of Business -University of Southern California on the theme of the transition to renewables in India.
complete overview of power sector in india with the total share in generation and introduction to ntpc ltd including the detailed description of ntpc dadri power plant mainly gas power plant and its auxillary are explained in detail
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water Industry Process Automation and Control Monthly - May 2024.pdf
“Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity for Make in India Campaign”
1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org || Volume 6 Issue 1 || January. 2017 || PP—39-44
www.ijbmi.org 39 | Page
“Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity for Make in
India Campaign”
Smita Shirsale1
; Prakash Khillare2
; MissSanjivani Lokhande3
1
Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, MS, India
2
Research Scholar, School of Management Studies, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, MS, India
3
Assistant Professor, SSBT’s College of Engineering & Technology, Bambhori, Jalgaon, MS, India
ABSTRACT:The government of India introduced the Make in India Campaign for boosting the growth of
economy and GDP. The Make in India campaign mainly focuses on the rapid industrialization through the
foreign direct investment (FDI) by other countries in the different sectors. India is a developing country. It has
scarce resources. The Make in India campaign needs electrical power to provide to industrial sectors which are
going to be newly start up through this campaign. As per the Power Ministry of the government, India has a
huge gap between the demand and supply of the electricity since last few years. In such a condition, it is not
possible to provide electricity to those industries which will come through Make in India campaign because
there is already deficit in existing scenario. In such a condition the government needs to generate more
electricity and to generate electricity, huge investment is required as existing coal reserve may not be sufficient.
It is not possible for government to invest huge amount on generating the electricity as it is not sustainable.
Therefore, researchers try in this research paper to find the alternative solution for this problem. After study, it
is found that the replacement of streetlights in the country can fulfill the deficit of demand and supply of
electricity and it can be a motivator factor for the successful implementation of the Make in India campaign. In
this paper, researchers focus how street lights can play vital role in the economy as well as try to provide
alternative solutions to save a huge amount of government.
Keywords: FDI, Make in India, Technology, Energy, LED
I. INTRODUCTION
Make in India is creativity of the GOI to hearten multinational, as well as domestic, businesses to
produce their products in India. It was hurled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25 September 2014. India
would emerge, after commencement of the program in 2015, as the top destination globally for FDI,
exceeding China as well as the United States.
The main objective behind the initiative is to put efforts on job formation and skill development in
twenty-five sectors of the economy. The initiative also targets at high quality standards and decreasing the
impact on the environment. The initiative focussesto attract capital and industrial investment in India.
There are total 25 different industries that are included in Make in India Mission. They are - thermal
power, tourism and hospitality, automobiles, Automobile Components, Aviation, media and entertainment,
mining, oil and gas, pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology, chemicals, electronic systems, food processing,
Information Technology and business process management, leather, renewable energy, roads and highways,
space, ports and shipping, railways, textiles and garments, construction, defense, manufacturing, electrical
machinery and wellness.
All the 25 sectors in Make in India campaign are going to accelerate the rapid industrialization in the
country. Industrialization enhances the economic growth to achieve the target of GDP of the country. Other
countries will come to India and bring investment in above 25 sectors to make this mission work. Although,
India has an availability of the resources required for the industrialization i.e. human resource, land, machinery
etc., there is lack of one resource which is the most essential for industrialization and without it the industries
cannot be developed thus would cause the failure of the campaign of Make in India. Therefore, the government
needs to overcome that essential factor which is going to affect the campaign i.e. the lack of electricity.
2. ―Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity For Make In India Campaign‖
www.ijbmi.org 40 | Page
II. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
To study the traditional as well as modern street light management system.
To find out the gap between demand and supply of electricity.
To measure the economic value of street lights.
To study the role of street lights replacement in Make in India Mission.
Electricity and Economic Growth:
Electricity is a key infrastructural component for economic growth. It is a resourceful energy currency
that encourages a wide range of products and services that increase the excellence of life, increase worker
productivity and cheer entrepreneurial activity. This makes electricity consumption to be certainly connected
with real per capita GDP. Electricity is used in both domestic areas and industries. In today’s modern world, the
rapid industrialization mainly depends upon the continuous and sufficient supply of electricity.
The utility electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 308.83 GW as of 30 November
2016. Renewable power plants formed 28.9% of total installed capacity. The gross electricity generated is
1,106 TWh and 166 TWh by captive power plants during the year 2014–15. The gross electricity generation
includes auxiliary power consumption of power generation plants. India is the world's third largest producer and
fourth largest consumer of electricity.
During the fiscal year 2014-15, the per capita electricity generation in India was 1,010 kWh with total
electricity consumption of 938.82 TWh or 746 kWh per capita electricity consumption.
Power Supply Position:
The power supply position in the country during 2009-10 to 2015-16:
Although, electrical power plays a key role in the industrialization, the current power scenario of the
country is not favorable for the growth of the industries. As per the Power Ministry, India has a deficit between
demand and supply of the electricity which is shown below in the table-
Table 1Source:http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/annual/lgbr/lgbr-2016.pdf
Energy Peak
Year Requirement Availability Surplus(+)/Deficits(-) Peak Demand Peak Met Surplus(+) / deficits(-)
(MU) (MU) (MU) (%) (MW) (MW) (MW) (%)
2009-10 8,30,594 7,46,644 -83,950 -10.1 1,19,166 1,04,009 -15,157 -12.7
2010-11 8,61,591 7,88,355 -73,236 -8.5 1,22,287 1,10,256 -12,031 -9.8
2011-12 9,37,199 8,57,886 -79,313 -8.5 1,30,006 1,16,191 -13,815 -10.6
2012-13 9,95,557 9,08,652 -86,905 -8.7 1,35,453 1,23,294 -12,159 -9.0
2013-14 10,02,257 9,59,829 -42,428 -4.2 1,35,918 1,29,815 -6,103 -4.5
2014-15 10,68,923 10,30,785 -38,138 -3.6 1,48,166 1,41,160 -7,006 -4.7
2015-16* 8,37,958 8,19,225 -18,733 -2.2 1,53,366 1,48,463 -4,903 -3.2
The total renewable energy sources generation is nearly 15% of the total electricity generation in
India.Under the 12th Plan, the total capacity addition for power generation was 88537 MW.The actual capacity
added till December 2014 was 49058.22 MW. It clearly suggests that the government has to take up the
challenge of improving power distribution and consumption, as much as increasing power generation capacity.
Since the demand for power is vastly increased, it’supmost important to save the power as well as power
generation to bridge the gap between demand and supply.
3. ―Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity For Make In India Campaign‖
www.ijbmi.org 41 | Page
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is conducted in the North Maharashtra University campus only.
The study is based on Sodium bulb’s street lights in NMU campus area.
The data is collected for the period 2013-15 only.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Type of Research- Comparative Study
Sources of Data- primary and secondary sources of data.
Sample Size- 400 HPS street lights in NMU Campus.
Street Lights:
A street light, light pole or lamp is an uplifted source of light on the edge of a street or highway. They
are in use since the invention of lamps by Thomas Edison and are used to in night to illuminate the streets.
Many street light systems are connected underground instead of wiring from one utility post to another.
Types of Lamps Used in Street Lamps:
1) Incandescent lamps
2) High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps
3) Mercury Vapor Lamps
4) Metal Halide Lamps
5) High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps
6) Fluorescent lamps
7) Compact fluorescent lamp
8) Induction lights
9) LED lights
Street lighting technology comparison:
Table 2Source: http://www.ecosolenergy.com/documents/Why_Go_for_LED.pdf
light
technology
life time Lumens/
watt
color
temperature
CRI (color
rendering index)
ignition time considerations
incandescent
light
1.000 -5.000 11 - 15 2.800K 40 instant very inefficient, short
life time
mercury vapor
light
12.000 - 24.000 13 - 48 4.000K 15 - 55 up to 15 min very inefficient,
ultraviolet radiation,
contains mercury
metal halide
light
10.000 - 15.000 60 - 100 3.000-4.300K 80 up to 15 min high maintenance UV
radiation, contains
mercury and lead, risk
of bursting at the end
of life
high pressure
sodium light
12.000 - 24.000 45 - 130 2.000K 25 up to 15 min low CRI with yellow
light, contains
mercury and lead
low pressure
sodium light
10.000 - 18.000 80 - 180 1.800K 0 up to 15 min low CRI with yellow
light, contains
mercury and lead
fluorescent
light
10.000 - 20.000 60 - 100 2.700-6.200K 70 - 90 up to 15 min UV radiation, contains
mercury, prone to
glass breaking,
diffused non-
directional light
compact
fluorescent
light
12.000 - 20.000 50 - 72 2.700-6.200K 85 up to 15 min low life / burnout,
dimmer in cold
weather (failure to
start), contains
mercury
induction light 60.000 -
100.000
70 - 90 2.700-6.500K 80 instant higher initial cost,
limited directionality,
contains lead,
negatively affected by
heat
LED light 50.000 -
100.000
70 - 150 3.200-6.400K 85 - 90 instant higher cost(slashed
recently)
4. ―Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity For Make In India Campaign‖
www.ijbmi.org 42 | Page
Below is the comparison between high and low pressure sodium vapor lamp versus LEDs. It indicates how
LEDs outperform sodium lamps in every technological perspective, including economic too.
Specification High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp LED
Correlated
Color
Temperature
High Pressure Sodium lights are well-known for their
warm yellow glow (CCT values around 2200K). The
downside is that there are very few options outside the
narrow range to choose from.
LEDs are available in a wide range of color
temperatures that generally span from 2200K-
6000K (ranging from “warm” yellow to light or
“cool” blue).
Cycling
(Turning
On/Off)
High pressure sodium bulbs may flicker and/or cycle on
and off as the bulb reaches the end of its useful life.
LEDs are an ideal light for purposely turning on
and off because they respond rather
instantaneously (there is no warm up or cool
down period). They produce steady light without
flicker.
Dimming HID lights can be manually dimmed through the use of
different electric or magnetic ballast but the process
changes the voltage input to the light and can
consequently alter the light characteristics.
LEDs are very easy to dim and options are
available to use anywhere from 100% of the light
to 0.5%. LED dimming functions by either
lowering the forward current or modulating the
pulse duration.
Directionality All High Intensity Discharge lights (of which HPS and
LPS are examples) emit light Omni directionally. This
means they emit light for 360 degrees, requiring fixture
housings or reflectors to direct a large portion of the
emissions to the desired target area.
LEDs emit light for 180 degrees. This is typically
an advantage because light is usually desired over
a target area (rather than all 360 degrees around
the bulb.)
Efficiency High Pressure Sodium lights are the only light whose
source efficiency compares to LEDs (values range
between 50 and 160 lumens/watt for LPS and slightly less
for HPS). They lose out to LEDs in many cases because
their system efficiency is often much lower due to losses
associated with omnidirectional light output and the need
to redirect it to a desired area.
LEDs are very efficient relative to every lighting
type on the market. Typical source efficiency
ranges 37 and 120 lumens/watt. Where LEDs
really shine, however, is in their system efficiency
(the amount of light that actually reaches the
target area after all losses are accounted for). Most
values for LED system efficiency fall above 50
lumens/watt.
- Heat
Emissions
High Pressure Sodium lights emit heat that is absorbed by
the ballast and/or lost to the environment. Roughly 15%
of the emissions are lost due to energy dissipation and
heat losses. In some circumstances heat emissions could
be beneficial, however, it is a generally a bad thing to emit
heat as it represents an energy inefficiency. The ultimate
purpose of the device is to emit light, not heat.
LEDs emit very little forward heat. The only real
potential downside to this is when LEDs are used
for outdoor lighting in wintery conditions. Snow
falling on traditional lights like HID will melt
when it comes into contact with the light. This is
usually overcome with LEDs by covering the
light with a visor or facing the light downward
towards the ground.
Failure
Characteristics
High Pressure Sodium lights can fail in a number of
different ways. Generally they exhibit an end-of-life
phenomenon known as cycling where the lamp goes on
and off without human input prior to eventually failing
entirely.
LEDs fail by dimming gradually over time.
Because LED lights typically operate with
multiple light emitters in a single luminaire the
loss of one or two diodes does not mean failure of
the entire luminaire.
Lifespan High Pressure Sodium lights have excellent lifespan as
well (although not as good as LED) which is why they
have traditionally been used for outdoor street lighting in
municipalities where energy efficiency is at a premium.
Typical lifespan values for an HPS bulb are around
24,000 hours.
LEDs last longer than any light source
commercially available on the market. Lifespans
are variable but typical values range from 25,000
hours to 200,000 hours or more before a lamp or
fixture requires replacement.
Warranty Typically 1-4 years. Often 5 to 10 years.
Global trends in street lighting show that 18-38% of the total energy bill goes towards street lighting hence that
needs major attention. In most cities, the street lights are installed and conserved by municipalities. Most urban
cities and towns are still using a combination of fluorescent, CFL, high pressure sodium lamps or metal halide
bulbs, which are not designed to meet area wise lighting needs. Very small study is done into the illuminance
required in different areas of streets, the needs of pedestrians and street traffic. For example, the lighting needs
of vehicular traffic in high speed zones are unlike needs of low speed high traffic zones. The lighting needs of
an area with vehicular traffic will vary from that of an area with high pedestrian traffic. A one size fits all
approach to street lighting effects in inefficient deployment of power and ends up in wasted use of electricity
that could have been better used elsewhere.
The street lights stay on well past sunrise every so often. This is because municipalities switch off the
lights based on a pre decided time rather than lighting needs, which changes according to season and city
location. Wastage of electricity needs to be prevented.The government may implement Automatic Street Light
Control System using LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), which automatically switches off lights on detecting
sunlight.Also street lights must be maintained well so that no area is left without lighting.
Chennai city has 214,008 street lights maintained by the Corporation of Chennai. Of these, 84,664 use
70- watt Sodium Vapor lamps, 49,420 use 40- watt tube light, 42,250 use 250- watt Sodium Vapor lamps. The
total energy consumption in Chennai, based on above is 19 MW. It costsRs 200 lakhs per month.
5. ―Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity For Make In India Campaign‖
www.ijbmi.org 43 | Page
Consideringthe advantages of usingLED lamps over High Pressure Sodium Vapor lamp (SVL), switchover to
LED is not only financially favorable but also environmentally beneficial.
Municipal council of Mumbai has decided to convert the SVL based street lights of the Marine Drive
with LED. Several other cities are now making investments in converting existing street lighting to LED. That is
the right thing to do.It is also vital for the state governments to further direct municipalities to convert to LED, if
India has to continue to make energy available for other priority areas.
IV. DATA ANALYSIS:(NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY CAMPUS)
PARTICULARS 2013-14 2014-15
Type of light used in street lights High Pressure Sodium Bulbs LED Bulbs
Number of Street Lights 400 Lights 400 Lights
Capacity of Light 150 Watt 60 Watt
One light switched on about- 12 Hours 12 Hours
one street light consumes electricity in one night 2 Units 1 Unit
400 lights consumes electricity in one night 800 units (400 lights x 2 units) 400 units (400 lights x 1 units)
400 lights in one year consumed electricity 292000 units (800 units x 365 days) 146000 (400 units x 365days)
The cost of one unit electricity Rs. 8 Rs. 8
The cost of electricity for 1 year Rs. 23,36000
(2,92000 x Rs. 8)
Rs. 11,68000
(1,46000 x Rs. 8)
V. INTERPRETATION OF DATA
From above data analysis, it is clear that in the year 2013-14 in North Maharashtra University Campus
there were 400 HPS bulbs which are replaced in 2015-16 with LED bulbs. The capacity of each HPS bulb is 150
watts and LED bulbs is 60 watts. Each street light whether it is HPS bulb or LED bulbs were switched on for 12
hours in one night i.e. from 6 pm to 6 am. One HPS bulb consumes 2 units of electricity for 12 hours where as
one LED consumes only 1-unit electricity. If calculation is done for both the street lights for one year for 400
street lights, then it can be observed that the HPS bulb consumes 2,92000 units of electricity and LED bulbs
consumes 1,4600 units of electricity i.e. exact 50 % of energy saving.
As per the electricity board, one unit of electricity is charged about Rs. 8 per unit. So, if the cost
analysis of both the street lights is done then it is observed that the University spent Rs. 23,36000 for only 400
HPS bulbs in the year of 2013-14 and for 400 LED bulbs in the year 2014-15 is Rs. 11,68000. The cost of
electricity is exactly half of the LED bulbs than HPS bulbs.
Findings:
After analyzing the data, the following conclusions are made-
LED bulbs are highly economical as compared to HPS bulbs since they will be available at Rs. 10 instead
of Rs. 400
LED bulbs are energy efficient than HPS bulbs.
Replacing HPS bulbs with LED bulbs can decrease the deficit of electricity.
The saved electricity can be utilized for any of the 25 sectors in Make in India Campaign.
VI. CONCLUSION
Electricity plays vital role in nation building. The Make in India program is completely dependent upon
the proper and continuous supply of electric power to the industries. The sources of electricity generation are
limited. Hence there is one option to save the electricity and utilize it into required sectors. LED lights may save
more than half of the electricity than electricity consumed by the sodium bulbs. There are millions of sodium
bulbs used as street lights in India and if other alternatives like LED lights are used instead, it may save billions
of rupees of nation which may be utilized for the growth and development of the country.
The government of India has decided to replace all street lamps with LED lamps by the year 2018, but
so far only Rajasthan and Karnataka state have started implementing it in some cities under smart city scheme.
In Maharashtra state too, only a small scale of Mumbai and Nagpur city lights have been replaced with LED
lights. Hence it is the call of hour to speed up the action and replace all of them at earliest. Because like money,
energy saved is energy earned too.
VII. FUTURE PERCPECTIVE
India has approximately 3.5 million street lights, which consumes one of the major portion of electric
power out of total electricity generated. There are different lights and tubes used in street poles in different areas
of country. If all the lights in street poles are replaced by the LED lights, then millions units of electricity can be
saved and billions of money which is used for street light systems can be reduced and may utilized for the
growth and development of nation.
6. ―Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity For Make In India Campaign‖
www.ijbmi.org 44 | Page
In Future researchers can think about the replacement of LED bulbs with solar street lights. Solar
energy is natural gift for the human being. It is used in various fields. If it is utilized in the street light systems,
then it may be more economical and energy efficient than the LED bulbs. Solar street lights are not in use in
present because the technology solar system is not so much developed and it has high installation and
maintenance cost. If the technology of solar system is developed, then it can be alternative for the LED street
lights.
REFERENCES
[1]. 12th five-year plan
[2]. Aditya Nigam, Make in India’ – Modi’s War on the poor, http://kafila.org/2014/10/20/make-inindia-modis-war-on-the-poor/
October 20, 2014
[3]. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-07-23/news/64772859_1_m-sipsmotherson-
[4]. http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/make-in- India-push- means-large- rise-in- energy-need- report/
[5]. http://powermin.nic.in/en/content/power-sector-glance-all-india
[6]. http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executivesummary/2015/exe_summary-11.pdf
[7]. http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/led-bulbs- to-be- available-at- rs-10- instead-of- rs-400- 47011
[8]. http://www.ecosolenergy.com/documents/Why_Go_for_LED.pdf
[9]. http://www.makeinindia.com/home
[10]. http://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/government/street-lighting-in-india-and-need-for-energy-efficient-solutions
[11]. http://www.stouchlighting.com/blog/led-vs- hps-lps- high-and- low-pressure- sodium
[12]. sumi-systems-investment-proposals
[13]. VikramVenkateswaran (2015), Home / Business / Make in India, A Possible Reality or Just An Illusion?
http://trak.in/tags/business/2015/01/1 4/make-in-India-reality-illusion
[14]. www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2015/IndiaEnergyOutlook_WEO2015.pdf