artificial intelligence and neural networks

1. Intelligence
The Ghost in the Machine

2. Algorithms
Hardware
Software
Strategy
Interface
Automation &
Intelligence
Key Topics
What is intelligence
Brute Force
Machine Learning
Neural Networks

4. Image Source: 2001 a space Odyssey, Directed by Stanley Kubrick 1968

5. Independent
Semi Autonomous
Dependent
Hardware
Software
Spellcheck (Word) Smart Guides (Solid Works) Facial Recognition (Facebook)
https://youtu.be/-CRJLam3BNc
General Intelligence
(Singularity)

6. “The real problem of humanity is the following: we have paleolithic emotions; medieval
institutions; and god-like technology” – E.O.Wilson

7. Definitions
Automationis the creation and application of technologies to produce and deliver goods and services
with minimal human intervention. The implementation of automation technologies, techniques and processes
improve the efficiency, reliability, and/or speed of many tasks that were previously performed by humans.
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/32099/automation
Although the term mechanization is often used to refer to the simple replacement of human labour by machines,
automation generally implies the integration of machines into a self-governing system.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/automation
https://www.hillselectricalltd.co.uk/robotics-vs-automation-whats-the-difference/
Artificial Intelligence According to John McCarthy (2004) “It is the science and engineering of making
intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers
to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically
observable.” https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/what-is-artificial-intelligence
2}Alan Turing’s definition would have fallen under the category of “systems that act like humans”. At its
simplest form, [A.I] is a field, which combines computer science and robust datasets, to enable problem-solving.
It also encompasses sub-fields of machine learning and deep learning, which are frequently mentioned in
conjunction with artificial intelligence. https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/what-is-artificial-intelligence
3) The ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with
intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the
intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or
learn from past experience. https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence
Artificial Intelligence Nov 17, 2014 Computer History Museum (8:00) https://youtu.be/NGZx5GAUPys

8. “The Brain” (Neurons) “The Mind” (Consciousness)
Hardware (Human) Software (Human)
Cognitive
Pathway
CPU Machine Language
Hardware (Machine) Software (Machine)
Mechanical
Pathway

9. Mechanical Pathway
Moore’s Law The observation that steady technological improvements in
miniaturization leads to a doubling of the density of transistors on new integrated circuits
every 18 months. The 18-month pattern held true into the 21st century, though as
technology approaches the point where circuits are only a few atoms wide, new
technologies, possibly not involving transistors at all, may be required for further
miniaturization. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/moore-s-law?s=t
https://siliconangle.com/2021/04/10/new-era-innovation-moores-law-not-dead-ai-ready-explode/
https://builtin.com/hardware/moores-law
Quantum Computers
Supercomputers
Quantum Computers are machines that use the properties of quantum physics to store data
and perform computations. Classical computers, which include smartphones and laptops, encode
information in binary “bits” that can either be 0s or 1s. In a quantum computer, the basic unit of
memory is a quantum bit or qubit. Qubits are made using physical systems, such as the spin of an
electron or the orientation of a photon. These systems can be in many different arrangements all at
once, a property known as quantum superposition. Qubits can also be inextricably linked together
using a phenomenon called quantum entanglement. The result is that a series of qubits can
represent different things simultaneously https://www.newscientist.com/question/what-is-a-quantum-
computer/#ixzz7MXRer4nE https://www.ibm.com/quantum-computing/what-is-quantum-computing/
Quantum Computers Explained – Limits of Human Technology Dec 8, 2015 Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell
(7:16) https://youtu.be/JhHMJCUmq28

10. IBM Watson: Final Jeopardy! and the Future of Watson Feb 16, 2011 IBM (10:14) https://youtu.be/lI-M7O_bRNg
How Intelligent is Artificial Intelligence? Sep 27, 2013 Computerphile https://youtu.be/hcoa7OMAmRk

11. Neural Networks
Cognitive Pathway
Neural Networks in biology it refers to a group of neurons that conduct impulses in a
coordinated manner, as the assemblages of brain cells that record a visual stimulus. Also
called neural net. a computer model designed to simulate the behavior of biological
neural networks, as in pattern recognition, language processing, and problem solving, with
the goal of self-directed information processing. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/neural-
network?s=t
In machine learning and cognitive science, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a family of
models inspired by biological neural networks (the central nervous systems of animals, in
particular the brain) and are used to estimate or approximate functions that can depend
on a large number of inputs and are generally unknown.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network
Machine Learning is the science of getting computers to act without being explicitly
programmed. In the past decade, machine learning has given us self-driving cars, practical
speech recognition, effective web search, and a vastly improved understanding of the human
genome. In short, machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms that
can learn from and make predictions on data. Such algorithms operate by building a model
from example inputs in order to make data-driven predictions or decisions, rather than
following strictly static program instructions. https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning
Machine Learning

12. The Backwards Brain Bicycle Apr 24, 2015 Smarter Every Day (7.55) https://youtu.be/MFzDaBzBlL0
The Machine that Changed the World - Episode 4 - The Thinking Machine BBC Jan 20, 2015
https://youtu.be/enWWlx7-t0k

13. Intelligence vs Consciousness

14. Daniel Dennett is an American philosopher, writer, and
cognitive scientist whose research centers on the
philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, and philosophy
of biology
According to Dennett, part of the problem in creating
computers that think like us is that some of the
engineering approaches try to replicate systems that are
efficient and hierarchical, which is not how our minds
operate. Dennett looks at individual neurons that form
networks that are more similar to a democracy than the
systematic wiring and connection of an artificial device
For Dennett, the mystery of explaining human intelligence
lies in our ability to develop abstract thoughts from
information collected by our mind and our senses. Dennett
believes that we use mental thought experiments or
strategies he refers to as intuition pumps which we use to
simplify concepts that lead us to make connections and
eventually develop new theories, which essentially is the
foundation of imagination.
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/30/books/daniel-dennett-
author-of-intuition-pumps-and-other-tools-for-thinking.html

15. In his book titled: The Intentional Stance, Dennett defines three levels of abstraction, attained by adopting one of three entirely different
“stances”, or intellectual strategies.
This is the most abstract stance, and relates to the ability of
assessing a situation without understanding the underlying
reason, what Dennett calls “competence without
comprehension” This is analogous to the mystery stage in
the knowledge funnel.
Birds & Flight
Intentional Stance
This is less abstract than before, where understanding is
derived from basic knowledge and assumptions made
about an ordered state, analogous to the heuristic stage.
Wing Properties
Design Stance
This is the most concrete of the three, at this stage
prediction are derived from knowledge and a clear
understanding of natural laws or physical phenomena.
Analogous to the algorithm stage.
Flight Physics
Physical Stance
Intuition Pumps (Learning)
Abstract Concrete
Mystery Algorithm
Heuristic

16. 10 reasons why human level Artificial Intelligence is a false promise
Mar 21, 2015 https://youtu.be/KyrUC0biqTA
A.I. Is a Big Fat Lie Jan 22, 2019 – The Dr. Data Show
https://youtu.be/xnKkHaALj1U
Ai Myth and Reality Jun 7, 2016 https://youtu.be/Jo6OM5tmjIo
Artificial Intelligence Skeptics Artificial Intelligence Optimists
How smart is today's artificial intelligence? Dec 19,2017
https://youtu.be/IJKjMIU55pE
The big debate about the future of work, explained Nov 13,
2017 https://youtu.be/TUmyygCMMGA
It’s 2020. Where are our self-driving cars?
By Kelsey Piper Updated Feb 28, 2020, 5:33pm EST https://www.vox.com/future-
perfect/2020/2/14/21063487/self-driving-cars-autonomous-vehicles-waymo-cruise-uber

17. VIDEO LINKS
How smart is today's artificial intelligence? Dec 19,2017 https://youtu.be/IJKjMIU55pE
Ai Myth and Reality Jun 7, 2016 https://youtu.be/Jo6OM5tmjIo
A.I. Is a Big Fat Lie Jan 22, 2019 – The Dr. Data Show https://youtu.be/xnKkHaALj1U
The big debate about the future of work, explained Nov 13, 2017 https://youtu.be/TUmyygCMMGA
10 reasons why human level Artificial Intelligence is a false promise Mar 21, 2015 https://youtu.be/KyrUC0biqTA
The big debate about the future of work, explained Nov 13, 2017 https://youtu.be/TUmyygCMMGA
The real cost of smart speakers Dec 28, 2020 https://youtu.be/IUEN2TAqlmU
The Infinite Pattern That Never Repeats Sep 30, 2020 https://youtu.be/48sCx-wBs34
The Backwards Brain Bicycle Apr 24, 2015 Smarter Every Day (7.55) https://youtu.be/MFzDaBzBlL0
Automation Aug 17, 2014 Alessandro Falsone https://youtu.be/XJLMW6l303g
How Intelligent is Artificial Intelligence? Sep 27, 2013 Computerphile https://youtu.be/hcoa7OMAmRk
The Rise of Artificial Intelligence Jul 11, 2013 Off Book - PBS Digital Studios https://youtu.be/53K1dMyslJg
Artificial Intelligence Nov 17, 2014 Computer History Museum (8:00) https://youtu.be/NGZx5GAUPys
Quantum Computers Explained – Limits of Human Technology Dec 8, 2015 Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell (7:16) https://youtu.be/JhHMJCUmq28
IBM Watson: Final Jeopardy! and the Future of Watson Feb 16, 2011 IBM (10:14) https://youtu.be/lI-M7O_bRNg
This Canadian Genius Created Modern AI Jun 25, 2018 Bloomberg Quicktake (8:32) https://youtu.be/l9RWTMNnvi4
How Does a Quantum Computer Work? Jun 17, 2013 Veritasium (6:46) https://youtu.be/g_IaVepNDT4
The Machine that Changed the World - Episode 4 - The Thinking Machine BBC Jan 20, 2015 https://youtu.be/enWWlx7-t0k