1. From old mine map to exploration target
using 3D
Hein Raat, Boliden Mineral AB
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 1 2012-10-20

2. Geodata within exploration
• Geological data
•Maps
•Outcrops and boulders
•Drill core, percussion samples
•Rocktype, Alteration, Mineralogy, Structures
• Geophysical data (airborne, ground and downhole)
• EM
• Magnetics
• Gamma ray (K, Th, U)
• Susceptibility, gravity, density, seismic
• Geochemistry
• Soil and bedrock
• Outcrops and boulders
• Drill core
• Whole rock analysis/lithogeochemistry
• Assay data
• Various
• Geological, ore and block models (3D)
• Elevation, topography
• Infrastructure, land use, lakes and rivers etc
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 2 2012-10-20

3. Boliden: Software and database
• 2D GIS: MapInfo plus Discover
.dxf
• 3D CAD modeling and visualization: Bentley’s MicroStation v8(i)
• including many in-house developed .mdl applications
.dxf
• 3D visualization and interpolation: Leapfrog
Oracle database (numerical)
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 3 2012-10-20

4. Target generation
Exploration strategy
• Focus on old (historical) mine sites and surroundings
• Old mine maps
• Exploration reports
• (Possibly) old drill cores and assay data
• Geological mapping and sampling of the area
• New geophysical techniques  high resolution data and deeper
Information source
• Bolidens database and archive: 90 years of exploration history
• Swedish Geological Survey (SGU)
• Exploration package for main mining districts in GIS format
• Core and specimen archive
• Document archive (maps and reports)
• Bergsstaten: Mining Inspectorate of Sweden
• Exploration and exploitation permits and issues
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 4 2012-10-20

5. Old mine maps
Long sections and profiles
High resolution scanned mine maps
Legend
Level plans
including reference frame or local coordinate grid
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 5 2012-10-20

6. Old mine maps Old level plans stitched together (1950ies)
• Mine infrastructure inc z
• Local grid, reference cross and N-arrow
• Drift mapping (geology)
• Old drill holes nr and location
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 6 2012-10-20

7. Old mine map  digitized mine map
Georeferenced
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 7 2012-10-20

8. Digitized mine maps in 2D
All plan views have corrected xyz coordinates
All plan views have same ‘layer’ setup
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 8 2012-10-20

9. Digitized mine maps in 3D
You can also include:
• (old) drill holes and planned holes
• assay data,
• outline of known mineralization
N
Oblique view
• down hole geophysical data
• geophysical maps All data should have correct xyz coordinates!!
• structures
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 9 2012-10-20

10. Digitized mine maps in 3D
Oblique view
Only mineralization Only limestone
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 10 2012-10-20

11. Geology and assay data
Geology log
Assay results
•DH collar, dip and azimuth  exploration report
or mine map
•Assay data is easy to digitize
•Geology: simplify the units you are interested in
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 11 2012-10-20

12. Leapfrog interpolation
Interpolation of assay data
 5 minutes work
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 12 2012-10-20

13. Summary
Using 3D for visualization of geodata within exploration:
• Cheap method for target generation (use of internal
data/SGU etc)
• Identify potential at depth or missed targets
• Identify possible spatial relations
• Gives you a head start when logging new holes
Digitizing
• Be consistent when digitizing
• Think about the set-up of your project beforehand,
because it is easy to loose control…
Hein Raat – Zn Exploration Bergslagen 13 2012-10-20