Cairo, Egypt February 2019

1. Education and the SDGs in the Age
of Great Disruptions
1

2. I. The SDGs as a global roadmap
II. Disruptive Technology as a critical global
megatrend
III. Investing in the people
IV. The Human Capital Project
2
Table of contents

3. ENSURE STRONG GOVERNMENT INVOLVMENT
INCREASE EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
LOCALIZE IMPLEMENTATION
IDENTIFY INTERRELATEDNESS OF GOALS AT ONSET
IMPROVE POLICY COORDINATION
INCREASE CROSS-INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATION
PROMOTE QUALITY DATA (2000-2015)
(2016-2030)
3
From Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Lessons Learned

4. Looking back at the MDG era
Comparing Arab countries to developing countries
4

5. Opportunity for transformation
Moving from silos to synergies
MDGs (2000-2015) SDGs (2016-2030)
Goals 8 17
Targets 21 169
Indicators 60 ~230
Priority Areas Human Development Holistic: Economic, Social, Environmental
Scope Developing Countries Universal
5

6. Source: IGES Research Report (2017).
SDG 4: Quality of Education
Spillover into multiple SDGs and their indicators
6
Source: UNESCO Bangkok (2018).

7. Global megatrends and challenges
Demographic transitions
Climate and resources
Commodity cycles
Technological disruptions
Fragility and violence
Shifts in the global economy
Renewed political debate about globalization
Urbanization
7

8. Demand for
skills
47% of jobs in the US will
disappear in the next 25
years, according to
Oxford University
Source: Presentation by Ben Pring, The Future of
Labor & Work in a Post Bretton Woods World,
September 2018
Source: 21 Jobs of the Future: A Guide to Getting – and Staying –
Employed over the next 10 Years, Center for the Future of Work
Technological
disruptions
8

9. Source: Anslow (2016).
Longstanding fears of technology; Man vs. Machine
9
Elizabeth I
Died 1603
Joseph Jacquard
Died 1834
Santana of
Mexico
Died 1876
Luddites
1811-16
“The summary
of economic
science”
Published 1913

10. Source: World Bank (2018).
Two-thirds of all jobs that currently exist in developing countries will be wiped out by automation. In
Ethiopia, 85% of jobs are vulnerable, compared to 77% in China and 72% in Thailand.
Job creation as the result of competing forces in technology
10

11. • Firms can grow rapidly thanks to digital
transformation—This blurs their boundaries and
challenges traditional production
patterns.
• Technology is changing the skills that
employers seek—Workers need to be good at
complex problem-solving, teamwork and
adaptability.
• Technology is changing how people work and
the terms on which they work—Even in
advanced economies, short-term work,
often found through online platforms, is
posing similar challenges to those
faced by the world’s informal workers.
The Changing Nature of Work
11

12. The risk of rising inequality is evident due to the declining shares of
(routine) labor in national income, and to the “polarization” of the
labor market – that is, the declining employment in middle-skilled
occupations relative to those in low- and high-skilled ones, and the
heightened competition for low-skilled jobs.
Labor shares in national
Income are falling in many countries,
Including some developing countries
Reshaping of
the labor
market
12

13. Investing in human capital is the priority to make the
most of this evolving economic opportunity. Three
types of skills are increasingly important in labor
markets:
• advanced cognitive skills such as complex problem-
solving;
• sociobehavioral skills such as teamwork;
• skill combinations that are predictive of adaptability
such as reasoning and self-efficacy.
Building these skills requires strong human capital
foundations and lifelong learning.
Recent technological advances accelerate growth of firms
13

14. 14
MENA – An underdeveloped digital economy
14

15. …but its youth is its biggest asset
15

16. Source: World Bank (2018).
Assessment of Education
Shortfalls in learning start early The percentage of primary school students who pass
a minimum proficiency threshold is often low
16

17. 17
More Schooling is Systematically Associated with Higher Wages

18. Source: The Changing Wealth of Nations (2018).
18
Composition of Wealth by Income Group

19. 19
Share of the top 10% of national income

20. Source: The Changing Wealth of Nations (2018).
In MENA, low return on human capital is a major challenge
20

21. Schooling
Degrees Skills
Learning
… Possible explanation..

22. Invest in resilience
(incl. social
protection)
Invest in
infrastructure
Invest in human
capital
Enablers
Achieving the SDGs
Finance Data STI
Harnessing the impact of technological changes requires a comprehensive policy
framework
22

23. Infrastructure
• Roads
• Energy
• Broadband
• DNA
Sustainable
• Greening growth
• Water management
Private sector
• Job creation
23
Invest.. Invest.. Invest

24. Education has long been critical to human
welfare, but it is even more so in a time of rapid
economic and social change.
The best way to equip children and youth for
the future is to place their learning at the
center.
Learning to realize education promise in the 21st century
24

25. "Human capital" – the potential of individuals – is going to be the most
important long-term investment any country can make for its people’s future,
prosperity and quality of life
Investing in Human Capital is crucial to achieve the SDGs
25
Human
Capital: Main
indicators
Survival – Will kids
born today survive to
school age?
Health – Will kids leave
school in good health
and be ready for further
learning and/or work?
School – How much
school will they
complete and how much
will they learn?
Human Capital
Project:
Main
Objectives
Build demand for more and better
investments in people
Improve how we measure human
capital
Help countries strengthen HC strategies &
investments for rapid improvements in outcomes

26. • HCP is a global effort to
accelerate more and better
investments in people for
greater equity and economic
growth.
• The cost of inaction on human
capital development is going
up
• HCP is expected to help create
the political space for national
leaders to prioritize
transformational human
capital investments.
• The Human Capital Project
launched the Human Capital
Index
26
Human Capital Project

27. Source: WDR 2019 Team
Human Capital Index
27

28. 28
Human Capital Index

29. 29
• Focuson early years(Pre-K-3)
• Modernize teachingpractices
• Measurelearning
• Support private providers of technical vocational educational training &
tertiary education
• Leveragetechnology for skillsdevelopment
• Reform curricula for relevantskills
Education
• Strengthen health systems,including through increased private
participation
• Pursueuniversal health coverage
• Support refugees and other vulnerablepopulations
• Leverageuseof technology-enabled diagnostics anddelivery
Health
• Guaranteed minimum protection with human capital promotionand
tech-enabled transfers to replacesubsidies
• Labor market flexibility and economic inclusion programs tofacilitate
employment in the digitaleconomy
• Modernized social insurance and flexible retirement savingschemes
• Flagshipreport being prepared on socialprotection
SocialProtection
• HCP:10 MENAearly
adopters
• Priorities include: female
labor force participation,
efficiency of humancapital
spending, sector
governance, private sector
partnerships, & ECD
• Education Flagship: Push
for learning, Pull forskills,
and Pactfor education
• Strengthen social
protection systems for
those that may get left
behind in the newMENA
Economy
HumanCapitalinAction
Modernizing education, improving health and social protection systems

30. Launching a digital moonshot
• MENA’sTechInitiative;
Africa-MENA“Digital
Moonshot”
• Businessplan, including
action plan fordoubling
broadband and
promoting digital
payments
• Digital ecosystem
diagnostics in response
to clientdemand
• Technologyin operations
(Morocco DPF,Egypt,
Mashreq)
DigitalinAction• Double broadband accessin the region by2021
• Increase the utilization of internet and mobile payment systems
• Support the development of local platforms for e-commerce
• Ensurethat increasing digital connectivity is inclusive, providing
benefits to women, refugees/IDPs,and citizens oflagging regions
Digital publicgoods
• Reform regulatory apparatus to catalyzeinnovation
• Encouragecompetition by creating spacefor new marketentrants
• Transformpublic utilities into modern, efficient serviceproviders with
new business lines that leveragedata for improveddelivery
Modernize
regulationsand
utilities
• Support digital skills development and entrepreneurshiptraining
• Usetechnology to create opportunities for SMEsto delivergoodsand
services to governments
• Improve sector governance, legal infrastructure, and promote
cybersecurity and data protection
• Support investment platforms that increaseseedfunding/fin-tech
opportunities
Entrepreneurship
andGovTech
30

31. 31
… Realizing the SDGs with emphasis on learning and technology
• Give all children an opportunity
to learn
• Promote great teachers and
school leaders
• Tailor instructional practices to
student needs
• Address the language of
instruction challenge
• Apply learning assessments
effectively
• Leverage technology
Promising EdTech
solutions
Strong public
support
Human factor is
critical
National
leaders
Employers &
Entrepreneurs
Parents & Civil
Society
MediaStudents
Learning

32. Mahmoud Mohieldin
Senior VP
Thank You
worldbankgroup.org/sdgs
Follow us on twitter @WBG2030
Mahmoud-Mohieldin
on
@wbg2030
worldbank.org/sdgs