Seminar presentation on COOLING TOWER for Final year mechanical students

1. INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY
LUCKNOW, PIN-226026 (U.P) INDIA
Bachelor in Technology in Mechanical Engineering
(SEMINAR REPORT ON COOLING TOWER)
SUBMITTED BY:-
SAQUIB MANSOOR KHAN
ROLL NO- 1601016089
ENROLL- 1600101603
FINAL YEAR/ 8 SEMESTER
ME 2

2. INTRODUCTION -
Cooling towers are a very important part of many chemical and other industrial plants. The primary task of
a cooling tower is to reject heat into the atmosphere. They represent a relatively inexpensive and
dependable means of removing low-grade heat from cooling water. The make-up water source is used to
replenish water lost to evaporation. Hot water from heat exchangers is sent to the cooling tower. The water
exits the cooling tower and is sent back to the exchangers or to other units for further cooling. Typical
closed loop cooling tower system is shown in Figure.

3. TYPES OF COOLING TOWER -
 Natural draught cooling tower
 Mechanical cooling tower
1. Forced draught cooling tower
2. Induced draught cooling tower

4. Natural Draught Cooling Towers -
Advantages -
• Its operating and maintenance costs are less since no
fans are needed.
• It creates its own draft assuring efficient operation
even when there is no wind.
• Longer life.
Disadvantages -
• High capital cost
• Performance varies with the seasonal changes

5. Forced Draught Cooling Tower -

7. Forced Draught Cooling Tower -
Advantages-
• More efficient.
• Problems of blade erosion are avoided.
• Fan is located at ground so more safe.
• Vibration and noise are less as mechanical equipments are
set on a solid foundation.
Disadvantages-
• Possibility of recirculation of hot humid exhaust air
coming out from the top of the tower.
• Fan size is limited to 4 meters.
• Possibility of ice formation on fan blades in cold weather.

8. Induced Draught Cooling Tower (Counter) -

10. Induced Draught Cooling Tower (Cross) -

11. Advantages-
• Coldest water comes in contact with the driest air and
the warmest water comes in contact with the most air.
• The recirculation of hot humid air is not a major problem.
• Larger fan size can be used.
• Lower first cost due to the reduced pump capacity
• Capable of cooling through a wide range.
Disadvantages-
• Not economical up to the capacity of 15000 liters of
water per minute.
• Higher power motor is required to drive the fan
compared to forced draught.
• Maintenance cost is high.
• Fan bearings need to be cooled.

12. Terms related with Cooling Tower -
Fill- The hot water from the condenser is sprayed through the nozzles over a series of
horizontal bars called fill or packing.
Drift-When the air flows from bottom to top of the cooling tower, it carries fine water
droplets along with the air.These fine droplets of water are called drift.
Approach (A):- It is defined as the difference between the exit temperature of the
cooling water (tc2) and the wet bulb temperature of the ambient air
(twb).
A = tc2 - twb
Cooling range (R):- It is the difference in temperature of the incoming warm water
(tc1) and the exit temperature of cooled water (tc2).
R = tc1 - tc2

13. Figure:- Range and Approach

14. Thank You!