PCM Jacket Simulation Model

Mehran University of Engineering &
Technology SZAB Campus Khairpur Mir’s
 Topic: To Design & Develop Simulation Model for phase change
material based All-Weather-Jacket.
 Supervised by: Engr. Abdul Ahad Noohani
Name Roll Number
SAJID ALI
ALI ASGHAR
AIJAZ HUSSAIN
K-F16ME40 G.L
K-F16ME01 A.G.L
K-F16ME34

CONTENTS
 Introduction to PCM
 Problem Statement
 Aims & Objectives
 Literature Review
 Methodology
 Results & Discussion
 Conclusion
 Recommendation
 References
01To Design & Develop Simulation Model for Phase Change Material based All-Weather-Jacket

Introduction PCM(s)
02
 Phase Change Materials or PCM(s) are those that can absorb, store and release large
amounts of energy, in the form of latent heat, over a narrowly defined phase change
range, during which the material changes state.
 In particular, the energy storage materials such as phase change materials (PCMs) that are
added into textile fibers are also an effective method to fabricate thermo-regulation
smart textiles.
Fig. 01
To Design & Develop Simulation Model for Phase Change Material based All-Weather-Jacket

Introduction PCM(s)
03
 More than 500 natural and synthetic PCM(s) are available, based upon:
1. Phase change temperature ranges
2. Heat storage capacities.
PCM(s)
used in
textiles
Fig. 02

Working of PCM(s) in Textiles
 When a PCM based material is facing a rise in temperature due to external or internal
conditions, its solid phase encapsulations starts absorbing heat energy under constant
temperature and change to a liquid phase, thus providing a cooling effect to the user and
vice versa.
 PCM fabric referred as “Active
Smart Textile”, capable of sensing
and reacting to the conditions or
stimulus.
04
Fig. 03

Problem Statement
05
 People living or working in the frosty or hot environment have shown the need for
clothes that can keep them warm in cold season and cool in warm season.
 Traditional clothes are unable to fulfill such requirements, “Smart Textiles” is the only way
to overcome such requirements as these (Smart-Textiles) are capable to sense and
response to the outdoor conditions.
 If PCMs are integrated into the textiles, the insulation capacity of the textiles can be
greatly improved, due to large thermal storage capacity and almost constant phase
change temperature of PCMs.
 People want to wear dress which is suitable and comfortable for all seasons .
 Many attempts have made to develop a jacket that can be worn regardless of any season
of the year as it works in different climate zones.

Aims & Objectives
06
 This research aims to design & develop such PCM(s) based jacket that regulate body
temperature, i-e no change in temperature of the encapsulated PCM(s).
 Based on comfort, geometrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics, which give
insight into heat management through clothes to produce outdoor and protective clothes.
Fig. 05
Fig. 04

Aims & Objectives
07
 This conceptual framework particularly comprises the following Objectives.
1. Development of 2D Sketching and 3D Model on SolidWorks of PCM(s) based
Jacket.
2. To Simulate PCM based Jacket.
3. To study the geometrical model & thermal characteristics and comparing results
with prototype.
Fig. 06
Fig. 07 Fig. 08

Aims & Objectives
08
 A cross Sectional 3D View of the Jacket [three layers].
Fig. 09
Tubes filled with Paraffin wax
Top Layer of Jacket
[Nylon 6,6]
Bottom Layer [Nylon 6,6]
Paraffin Wax
Polyethylene Tubes

Literature Review
09
Title Authors Findings
Yea
r
01. Design &
Development of All
Weather Jacket by
Using Phase Change
Material.
R. L. Gotipamul, A.
U. Thorat, P.
Bhausaheb, S.
Shridhar, C.
Revatgaon, and A.
P. Jadhav
o They have researched, jacket has three
layers which are an external water
repellent, breathable nylon fabric layer,
a middle layer of a nonwoven thermal
bonded fabric, an internal cotton fabric
layer.
o The Combination of fabrics with
paraffin wax (as PCM) shows good
results towards functionality as per the
consumer survey of a jacket.
2018
02. TEXTILES
INTEGRATING
PCMS – A REVIEW.
E. Onofrei, A. M.
Rocha, and A.
Catarino
o Paraffin is the preferred kind of PCMs
for textile applications b/c melting
point of paraffin is very close to
temperature of the body.
o These are enclosed in a microcapsule
to prevent leakage of material during
its liquid phase.
201
0

Literature Review
10
Title Authors Findings Year
03. SMART
FUNCTIONAL
TEXTILES CREATED
BY THE
APPLICATION OF
MACRO-
ENCAPSULATED
PHASE CHANGE
MATERIAL
B. Pause o A phase change material (PCM)
absorbs or releases a large amount
of so-called “latent heat” in a
material specific temperature range
while its temperature remains nearly
constant. .
2019
04. Phase change materials,
their synthesis and
application in textiles—
a review
Kashif Iqbal,
Asfandyar Khan,
Danmei Sun,
Munir Ashraf,
Abdur Rehman,
Faiza Safdar,
Abdul Basit &
Hafiz Shahzad
Maqsood
o This review paper summarizes the
investigation and analysis of the
available organic and inorganic
PCMs, different encapsulating
techniques, characterization
techniques, incorporation into fiber
and pad application on textiles with
practical applications in the field of
smart textiles
2019

Design & Material Selection
 Required properties of PCM(s) in Textiles
1. Melting point between 18 and 35 °C.
2. Large heat of fusion.
3. Small temperature d/f between melting and crystallization point.
4. Harmless to the environment.
5. Low toxicity & Non-flammable
6. Good stability for repeated phase change.
7. Large thermal conductivity.
8. Ease of availability & Low price
 Paraffin wax meets most of the mentioned properties, it is an excellent material for storing
heat, with a heat of fusion of 200–220 J g−1.

Design & Material Selection
 Besides, the PCMs with a phase change temperature range from 18 °C to 35 °C is the most
suitable for application in clothing.
 Selected materials is Paraffin wax (or petroleum wax), it is a soft colorless solid derived
from petroleum, coal or shale oil.
 As this material meets most of the required parameters for textile usage.
12
Fig. 11Fig. 10

Methodology
Research Methodology
Design
Procedure
Jacket
Geometry
Encapsules
Geometry
Model
Specification
CAD Modeling
2D Sketching
Designing
Tools
3D/Isometric
View
Material
Selection
Material
Specifications
Material
Properties
Results &
Discussion
Conclusion
 The objectives involve sketching of the jacket, developing the 3D model by adding the
required material & finally meshing & simulation process to analysis temperature
fluctuations among three layers. Theses can gain by following methodology.

Methodology Objective No. 01
Research Methodology
Design Procedure
Jacket Geometry
Encapsules Geometry
Model Specification
CAD Modeling
2D Sketching
Designing Tools
3D/Isometric View
 Development of 2D Sketching and 3D Model on SolidWorks of PCM(s) based Jacket.

Methodology Objective No. 02 & 03
Defining Material
Properties
Model Meshing
Apply Boundry Conditions
Solution/Results
 To Simulate PCM based Jacket.
 To study the geometrical model & thermal characteristics and comparing results with
prototype.
Comparison of the Results
Prototype
Results
Simulation
Results

Results & Discussion
Time [seconds] Top Layer
Temp: [oC]
Middle Layer
Temp: [oC]
Bottom Layer
Temp: [oC]
0 20.2 20.2 20.2
3600 33.13352 32.98376 33.13352
7200 47.07315 33.45321 33.10453
10800 51.52891 33.22356 33.20234
14400 50.25523 33.45321 33.44561
18000 42.33015 34.10252 33.87612
21600 40.09887 33.87627 33.42501
25200 39.74784 32.78653 32.55602
28800 32.04125 32.52308 32.37823
 Prototype Temperature vs Simulation Results
Time T1 [Top Layer
Temp: oC]
T2 [Bottom Layer
Temp: oC]
09:00am 34.5 27.2
09:15am 34.7 27.7
09:30am 36.1 28.4
09:45am 36.9 29.1
10:00am 37.1 29.6
10:15am 38.9 30.2
10:30am 39.0 30.2
10:45am 39.4 31.3
11:00am 41.5 31.4
11:15am 41.9 32.6
12:30pm 45.5 32.3
Prototype Temperature Software based/Simulation temperature

 Temperature distribution, a small 20cmx20cm portion of jaket

 Prototype and its temperature measurements
Temperature Sensor
[Inside the jacket]
Temperature Sensor [Top
Layer Temperature]

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0s 3600s 7200s 10800s 14400s 18000s 21600s 25200s 28800s
Temperature[oC]
Time [Seconds]
Top Layer of Jacket
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0s 3600s 7200s 10800s 14400s 18000s 21600s 25200s 28800s
Temperature[oC] Time [Seconds]
Middle layer & bottom layer
Middle Layer Temp: [oC] Bottom Layer Temp: [oC]
 Simulation Results

 Prototype
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
09:00am 09:15am 09:30am 09:45am 10:00am 10:15am 10:30am 10:45am 11:00am 11:15am 12:30pm
Temperature[oC]
Time
Prototype Temperature [Top and bottom layer]
T1 [Top Layer Temp: oC] T2 [Bottom Layer Temp: oC]

Applications
 Phase change materials (PCM) are also
in consumer goods, from initial uses in
space suits and gloves.
 The thermo-regulating feature provided
against extremes of cold and/or heat,
however.
 It is only available for a limited period
and could be maximized if the wearer
repeatedly endured transient
temperatures.
PCMS
Incorporated
textiles
Space wear
and
sportwear
(space suits
and gloves)
Filter retardant
text Bedding
and
Accessories
Shoe and
Accessories
Automatic
Textile and
Medical
application
Fire retardant
textiles
Sports wears

Applications
 In future smart textiles with PCM
will play an important role because
interactive smart textiles are
commonly used in healthcare,
performance sportswear and military.
 These fibers also have been used for
producing lightweight all-season
blankets.

Conclusion
 In this study, the fundamental principles and design methods related to the materials like,
Nylon fabric 6,6, Paraffin wax inside polyethylene tubes and bottom layer of Nylon 6,6
were examined, the results identified by carrying out simulation approach are almost equal
to the actual measurements that are taken through the prototype by using the temperature
sensors.
 As per the obtained test results of the prototype and simulation results, selected fabrics are
suitable for design of an all-weather jacket.
 In case of breathable nylon fabric, the purpose of face fabric is to protect and look stylish.
 The most important aspect is that the simulation of the jacket portion (20cmx20cm) that is
carried out by giving the proper properties and specification to the different layer of the
jacket. The simulation results and actual results are almost same.

Conclusion
 The selected paraffin is suitable in all aspects. It can be concluded that, all the basic things
consumers need for a good outdoors jacket for all seasons, that’s not only light weight but
also comfort and very functional.

Recommendations
 The performance of existing model of the Phase change material-based jacket can still be
improved, especially in the aspect of change the material properties of the phase change
material by considering the following aspects.
a) Increasing the performance parameters of the phase change material like latent heat range.

References:
[1] Y. Lu et al., “Achieving multifunctional smart textile with long afterglow and
thermo-regulation via coaxial electrospinning,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 812, p. 152144,
Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152144.
[2] “Hassabo AG and Mohamed AL. Enhancement of Thermo-Regulating Textile
Materials Using Phase Change Material (PCM). Evolution Poly Tech J 2019, 2(1):
180009.,” p. 11.
[3] R. L. Gotipamul, A. U. Thorat, P. Bhausaheb, S. Shridhar, C. Revatgaon, and A. P.
Jadhav, “Design & Development of All Weather Jacket by Using Phase Change
Material,” vol. 4, no. 3, p. 8, 2018.
[4] K. Iqbal et al., “Phase change materials, their synthesis and application in
textiles—a review,” J. Text. Inst., vol. 110, no. 4, pp. 625–638, Apr. 2019, doi:
10.1080/00405000.2018.1548088.
[5] B. Pause, “SMART FUNCTIONAL TEXTILES CREATED BY THE
APPLICATION OF MACRO-ENCAPSULATED PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL,”
p. 6, 2019.

References:
[6] R. L. Gotipamul, A. U. Thorat, P. Bhausaheb, S. Shridhar, C. Revatgaon, and A. P.
Jadhav, “Design & Development of All-Weather Jacket by Using Phase Change
Material,” vol. 4, no. 3, p. 8, 2018.
[7] Y. Lin, Y. Jia, G. Alva, and G. Fang, “Review on thermal conductivity
enhancement, thermal properties and applications of phase change materials in thermal
energy storage,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 82, pp. 2730–2742, Feb. 2018, doi:
10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.002.
[8] Y. Lin, Y. Jia, G. Alva, and G. Fang, “Review on thermal conductivity
enhancement, thermal properties and applications of phase change materials in thermal
energy storage,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 82, pp. 2730–2742, Feb. 2018, doi:
10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.002.
[9] E. Onofrei, A. M. Rocha, and A. Catarino, “TEXTILES INTEGRATING PCMS –
A REVIEW,” p. 12, 2010.

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