THIS SLIDE WILL GIVE YOU A BRIEF INFORMATION REGARDING SUPERCOMPUTERS IN UK

1. SUPER COMPUTERS
IN UK
PRESENTING BY
SUHAS JAVALGIKAR
SOLAPUR

2. OVERVIEW
• DEFINITION
• HISTORY OF SUPERCOMPUTER
• APPLICATION OF SUPERCOMPUTER
• LIST OF SUPERCOMPUTERS IN UK
• CURRENT STATUS IN THE UK
• DETAILS OF VARIOUS SUPERCOMPUTER IN UK
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3. DEFINATION
• A supercomputer is the fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very
expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require large
amounts of mathematical calculations.
• A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of computing performance
compared to a general-purpose computer.
• Performance of a supercomputer is measured in floating-point operations per
second (flops).
• The majority of supercomputers today run linux-based operating systems.
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4. HISTORY OF SUPERCOMPUTER
• The history of supercomputing goes back to the early 1920s in the United
States with the IBM tabulators at Columbia University and a series of
computers at Control Data Corporation (CDC), designed by Seymour Cray to
use innovative designs and parallelism to achieve superior computational peak
performance.
• The CDC 6600, released in 1964, is generally considered the first
supercomputer.
• Progress in the first decade of the 21st century was dramatic and
supercomputers with over 60,000 processors appeared, reaching petaflop
performance levels.
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5. APPLICATIONS
• Cryptography
• Nuclear Weapons Design
• Weather / Climate
• Scientific Simulation
• Petroleum Exploration
• Aerospace Design
• Automotive Design
• Pharmaceutical Design
• Data Mining
• Data Assimilation
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6. LIST OF SUPERCOMPUTERS IN UK
• Colossus(1943-1944)
• Manchester Mark I(1945-1950)
• Ferranti Atlas 1
• HECTOR
• ARCHER
• Ferranti mercury
• English Electric KDF9
• CDC cyber 205
• Cray T3E
• Cray XC40
• COSMOS
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7. Current Status in the UK
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• The UK maintains about 7% of the top 500 supercomputer power (6% in
2006).
• Even though the total CPU power has increased by 35x since 2000.
• To get into the top 500 you’ll need about 1000 processor cores at 2.4Ghz
or better
UK Supercomputing Performance
0
20
40
60
80
100
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
Percentage
Percentage in UK
Relative Power

8. Ferranti Atlas 1
• The Atlas Computer was a joint development
between the University of Manchester, Ferranti, and
Plessey. It was a second-generation machine, using
discrete germanium transistors.
• The first Atlas, installed at Manchester University
and officially commissioned in 1962, was one of the
world's first supercomputers, considered to be the
most powerful computer in the world at that time.
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9. HECTOR(High End Computing Terascale
Resource)
• HECToR was a British academic national supercomputer service funded by EPSRC, Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC) and BBSRC for the UK academic community.
• The HECToR service was run by partners including EPCC, Science and Technology
Facilities Council (STFC) and Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG).
• The Phase 3 upgrade took place in November and December 2011. It involved extending the
XT6 system to 30 cabinets containing 704 compute blades, and upgrading the processors to
16-core, 2.3 GHz Interlagos Opterons, giving a total of 90,112 cores. The operating system
was also upgraded to CLE 4.0.
• HECToR's operating system is Cray Linux Environment (CLE), formerly known as
UNICOS/lc.
• The HECToR Service is now closed and has been superceded by ARCHER.
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10. ARCHER
• ARCHER is the UK National Supercomputing Service.
The ARCHER Service is:
• A world-class supercomputer located and run in the UK.
• An invaluable resource for researchers who study problems with a global impact.
• Part of the PRACE initiative giving leading scientific users access to a European pool of
supercomputers.
• The ARCHER Service is based around a Cray XC30 supercomputer and is provided by the
ARCHER Partners: EPSRC, NERC, EPCC, Cray Inc. and The University of Edinburgh.
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11. ARCHER
• ARCHER service nodes contain a single 2.7
GHz, 12-core Intel Xeon E5-2697 (Ivy
Bridge) series processor.
• Peak performance of 1.65 PF
• #19 in November 2013 top 500 list fastest
(known) computer in the UK
• Designed to provide 3-4 times scientific
throughput of HECToR
• HECToR #50 in top 500 with830 TFlop/s
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12. ARCHER Components
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Service Provision
(EPCC, DL)
• Overall Management
• Helpdesk
• Project Administration
• System Setup/Maintenance
• Documentation
Computational Science and
Engineering
(EPCC)
• In-Depth Support
• Training
• eCSE
• Best Practice
Hardware
(Cray Inc.)
• Hardware support
• Provide software updates
• Centre of Excellence
Accommodation
(UoE, EPCC)
• Building
• Power
• Cooling
• Networking
• Security

13. METOFFICE
• Able to do more than 16000 trillion
calculations a second. Its power
allows it to take in hundreds of
thousands of weather observations
from all over the world which it
then takes as a starting point for
running an atmospheric model
containing more than a million
lines of code.
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14. Met Office : Supercomputers
• The Met Office of England purchased its first Supercomputer Ferranti Mercurry in
1959.It was also called Meteor.It was capable of doing 30,000 calcuations per
second.
• As our understanding of the atmosphere improved and number of weather
observations increased the need for more computer power also grew .
• The Met Office brought a new supercomputer known as an English Electric KDF9
in 1965. It was capable of doing 50,000 calculations
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15. Ferranti mercury
(1959)
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16. ELECTRIC KDF9
• An English Electric KDF9 supercomputer was capable of doing 50,000 calculations
per second.
• This was more then 60% faster .It allowed for more complex forecasts to be made.
• This pattern of advancing technology increased and increasingly complex models
continued with the Met Office buying successively quicker computers every five to
ten years .
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17. ELECTRIC KDF9
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18. CDC cyber 205
(1982)
• By 1982 Met Office got CDC Cyber 205
which could do 200 million clculations
per second
• By 1997 a Cray T3E was doing more
than a trillion (1,000,000,000,000)
calculations per second
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19. Cray XC40
2015
• The Met office brought the another supercomputer
that upon its completion in march 2015 is the
largest in the UK and europe and among the worlds
top20.
• It performs 16,000 trillion calculations per second.
• It gives more detailed forecast
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20. Cray XC40, Xeon E5-2695v4 18C 2.1GHz,
Aries interconnect(2016)
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21. COSMOS Supercomputer
• UK National Cosmology Supercomputer, part of
DiRAC - UK distributed HPC Facility. Sponsored by
DBIS UK, STFC, SGI and Intel
• COSMOS is a supercomputing facility dedicated to
research in cosmology, astrophysics and particle
physics.
• It was founded in January 1997 by a consortium of
leading UK cosmologists, brought together by
Stephen Hawking. It was funded at the time by SGI,
Intel, HEFCE and PPARC.
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22. COSMOS
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23. REFERENCES
• http://www.hector.ac.uk/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HECToR
• www.archer.ac.uk/
• www.metoffice.gov.uk/news/in-depth/supercomputers
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputing_in_Europe
• https://www.top500.org/site/49064
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