Engineering Graphics Laboratory manual

Engineering Graphics
Lab Manual/ Question Bank
 CHAPTER 1: LOCI OF POINT
 CHAPTER 2: ENGINEERING CURVES
 CHAPTER 3 : PROJECTION OF LINE
 CHAPTER 4 : PROJECTION OF PLANE
 CHAPTER 5: PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
 CHAPTER 6: SECTION OF SOLIDS
 CHAPTER 7: ORTHOGRAPHIC / SECTIONAL ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTION
 CHAPTER 8: ISOMETRIC PROJECTION

CHAPTER 1: LOCI OF POINT
1. In figure OAB is simple slider crank chain mechanism in which
OA is a crank of 30 mm length. AB is a connecting rod of 90 mm
length. Slider B is sliding on a straight path passing through point
O. Draw the locus of the mid-point of the connecting rod AB for
one complete revolution of the crank OA.
Figure 1
2. Figure 2 shows an offset slider crank mechanism. Crank OB is
30 mm long and rotates in clockwise direction. Connecting rod
AB is 128 mm long. Offset is 40 mm. Draw the loci of two points
P and R. PB and BR are 45mm and 30 mm respectively.
Figure 2
3. In an offset slider crank chain OBA as shown in Fig. 3, the crank
OB is 300 mm long and the connecting rod BA is 1000 mm long.
Slider A slides in a horizontal guide 150 mm below the horizontal
axis from O. Draw the loci of points P and Q where the point P is

a point on the connecting rod BA, 250 mm from B and the point
Q is the end point of PQ, a rod attached at right angle to
connecting rod AB at P.
Figure 3
4. A modified Watt’s straight line motion mechanism as shown in
Fig. 4. Driving and driven cranks O1A and O2B are both 80 mm
long and swing about O1 and O2 respectively. The connecting link
AB is 60 mm long. Draw the locus of the midpoint H of AB.
Figure 4
5. A simple pendulum ‘OA’ 90 mm long swings through 90˚ from
extreme left to extreme right mean while a ‘fly’ moves from ‘O’
and reaches ‘A’. Assume swing of pendulum and the movement
of the ‘fly’ to be uniform. Trace the path for the fly.
6. Figure 5 shows a mechanism in which OB is a crank of 30 mm
length revolving in clockwise direction. BC is a rod connected to
the crank at the point B by turning pair and rod BC is constrained

to pass through the guide at O1 called trunnion. Draw the loci of
points P and C for the one complete revolution of the crank. The
point P is 30 mm from B on the rod BC. Length of BC is 150 mm.
point O1 is 80 mm on the right and 15 mm below the point O.
Figure 5
7. A link 80 mm long rotates about center for one revolution. During
the same time an insect moves from one end to another end. Draw
the locus of an insect.
8. A pendulum OC pivoted at O is 120 mm long. Its swings 30° to
the right of vertical and also 30° to the left of vertical. Insect,
initially at O reaches the point C, when the pendulum
completes two oscillations. Draw the path of the insect, assuming
motion of insect and of pendulum as uniform.
9. The crank OC rotates clockwise about O with a constant angular
velocity. In one revolution of the crank, the end A of the
connecting rod AB moves from the outer most position C to the
inner most position O and back to C at a constant speed, while the
end B moves along a horizontal line through O. Draw the loci of
point A and the midpoint M of AB for one revolution of the crank
OC.
10. OABO1 is a four bar link mechanism shown in Fig.-6 with ‘OO1’
as a fixed link. Driving link OA is 35 mm long while driven link
O1B is 60 mm long. Connecting link AB is 100 mm long. Trace
the locus of the midpoint P on the connecting link AB when crank

OA completes one revolution.
Figure 6
11. Link OC hinged at O is 100 mm long. It carries a circular disc at
C of radius 25 mm capable of rotating about the center point C,
link OC initially vertical turns uniformly towards the right side by
an angle of 45˚ & then towards the left side by the total angle 90˚
& then to the initial vertical position & during the same time the
disc revolves uniformly in the clockwise sense through one
complete revolution. Draw the locus of the point P on the disc
initially at the lowest position.
12. As seen in the plan AD & BD are two equal size portions of
folding door hinged joint at D. Span CB of the door is 150 mm.
The end B is fixed & the end A is constrained to move along the
line BC. Draw the locus of the folding door. See in Fig.-7.
Figure7

CHAPTER 2 : ENGINEERING CURVES
1. Draw a rectangular hyperbola, given the co-ordinates of a
point x = 30 mm and y = 120 mm.
2. The foci of an ellipse are 120 mm apart and the minor axis is 70
mm long. Draw the ellipse by concentric circle method.
3. Construct an Archimedean spiral of one convolution given the
maximum and minimum radius as 55 mm and 31 mm
respectively. Draw tangent and normal to the curve at 60 to the
horizontal axes.
4. An elastic string is unwounded to a length of 120 mm from a
drum of diameter 30 mm. Draw the locus of the free end of the
string which is held tight during unwinding. -Involute of circle
5. The major axis and minor axes of the ellipse are 125 mm and 75
mm respectively. Construct an ellipse by (i) arcs of circle
method, (ii) concentric circle method and (iii) oblong
method.
6. Inscribe an Ellipse in a parallelogram having sides 150 mm
and 100 mm long and included angle of 120˚.
7. A point ‘P’ moves towards another point ‘O’ 100 mm from it
and reaches it while moving around it once, its movement
towards ‘O’ being uniform with its movement around it. Draw
the curve traced out by point ‘P’.- Archimedean spiral
8. A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on the circumference of
another circle of 150 mm diameter and outside it. Draw the
locus of point P on the circumference of the rolling circle for
one complete revolution of it. Take initial position of point P at
the contact point between two circles. Name the curve and draw
tangent and normal to the curve at a point 150 mm from the
center of the bigger circle.-Hypocycloid
9. The distance between a fixed point and a fixed straight line is 60
mm. Draw the locus of the moving point P such that its distance

from the fixed point is
(i) twice its distance from the fixed straight line, (ii) equal to its
distance from the fixed straight line and (iii) half its distance
from the fixed straight line. Name the three
curves.(Hyperbola,Parabola & Ellipse)
10. Show by means of drawing that when the diameter of a rolling
circle is half the diameter of the directing circle, the
hypocycloid is a straight line.
11. If the major and minor axes are 125 mm and 90 mm long
respectively, draw the half ellipse by concentric circle method
and another half by arcs of circle method.
12. A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls along a straight line without
slipping. Draw the curve traced out by the point P on the
periphery of the circle. Take the initial position the point at the
bottom on vertical centre line of the circle. Name the curve
and also draw tangent and normal to the curve at suitable point
on the curve.- cycloid

CHAPTER 3 : PROJECTION OF LINE
1. A line AB 60 mm long has its end A 15mm in front of V.P and
10 mm above H.P. It is inclined at 45˚ to the H.P. and 30˚ to the
V.P. Draw its projections.
2. A line AB 75 mm long is inclined at an angle of 45° to HP and
30° to VP. One of its end points A is in HP as well as in VP.
Determine its apparent inclination with VP.
3. A line AB 75 mm long has its end point A 15 mm above HP and
10 mm in front of VP and end point B 45 mm above HP and 50
mm in front of VP. Determine true inclination of line AB with
HP and VP.
4. The top view of a straight line AB, 60 mm long measures 46 mm
while front view measures 53 mm. the one end A is 15 mm above
H.P. and 20 mm in front of V.P. Draw the projection of straight
line AB and find its inclination with H.P. and V.P.
5. A straight line PQ 60 mm long is inclined at 45˚ to the H.P. and
30˚ to V.P. The end P is 10 mm below H.P. and 20 mm Behind
V.P. Draw its projections.
6. The line AB 90 mm long is inclined at 30˚ to H.P. and its
elevation measures 65 mm. its end A is 15 mm below H.P. and 30
mm behind V.P. Draw the plan of line AB and its inclination with
V.P.
7. The distance between end projectors of a straight line PQ is 130
mm point P is 40mm below H.P. and 25 mm in front of V.P.
Point Q is 75 mm above H.P. and 30 mm behind V.P. Draw the
projection of a line and find out its true length and inclination
with H.P. and V.P
8. A line AB has a point P on it such that AP : PB = 1 : 2. The end
A is in the first quadrant and it is 20 mm above H.P. while the
end B is in the V.P. The point P is 35 mm from the H.P. The line
is inclined at 30° to the H.P. and the elevation length of the line is
70 mm. Draw the projections of the line AB and the point P. Find

the true length, the plan length and the inclination of the line with
V.P.
9. A line AB 75 mm long has its end A 20 mm below H.P and 25
mm behind V.P. The end B is 50 mm below H.P. and 65 mm
behind V.P. Draw the projection of line AB and finds its
inclination with H.P. and V.P.
10. A line CD has its end C 15 mm above H.P. and 10 mm in front of
V.P. The end D is 60 mm above H.P. The distance between the
end projectors is 50 mm. The line is inclined to H.P. by 25˚.
Draw the projections and find its inclination with V.P and true
length of line CD.

CHAPTER 4 : PROJECTION OF PLANES
1. A regular pentagonal plate of 40 mm side is resting on the H.P.
on one of its sides which is inclined at 45° to the V.P. and surface
of the plate is inclined to the H.P. at 30°. Draw the projections of
the plate.
2. Draw the projections of regular hexagonal plane of 25 mm side
having one of its corner on the H.P. and inclined at 60° to V.P.
and its surface making an angle of 45° with H.P.
3. A square plane ABCD of 40 mm sides has its corner ‘A’ on the
H.P. its diagonal ‘AC’ inclined at 30° to the H.P. and diagonal
‘BD’ is inclined at 45° to the V.P. Draw its projections.
4. A circular plane of 60 mm diameter is resting on H.P. on a point
A of its circumference. The plane is inclined at 30° to the H.P.
The diameter AB of the plane makes an angle of 45°with the V.P.
Draw the projections of the circular plane.
5. ABCD is a rhombus of diagonals AC = 100 mm and BD = 70
mm. Its corner A is in the H.P. and the plane is inclined to the
H.P. such that its plan appears to be a square. The plan of the
diagonal AC makes an angle of 20° to the V.P. Draw the
projections of the plane and finds its inclinations with H.P.
6. A rectangular plate PQRS, 25mm X 40mm size, is in space with
shorter edge parallel to H.P. and 15mm above it. Plate PQRS is
perpendicular to V.P. and inclined by such an angle so that its
plan becomes square. Draw the projections.
7. ABC is a triangle of sides AB = 75 mm, BC = 60 mm and CA =
45 mm. Its longest side is in H.P. and inclined at 30° to V.P. Its
surface makes an angle of 45°with the H.P. Draw its projections.

8. Draw the projection of a circle of 60 mm diameter resting on the
H.P. on a point A of the circumference. Plane is inclined to the
H.P. such that the plan o f it is an ellipse of minor axis 35mm. The
plan of the diameter through the point A, is making an angle of
450
with the V.P. Measure the angle of the plane with the H.P.
9. An isosceles triangular plane XYZ having its base XY = 50 mm
and altitude 60 mm is resting on HP on its base XY with its
surface making an angle of 450
to HP. The base XY which is in
HP makes an angle of 600
to VP. Draw projection of plane.
10.Draw an equilateral triangle of 75mm side and inscribe a circle in
it. Draw the projections of the figure, when its plane is vertical
and inclined at 300
to the V.P and one of the sides of the triangle
is inclined at 450
to the H.P.

CHAPTER 5 : PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
6: SECTION OF SOLIDS
1. A cone diameter of base 60 mm and height 90 mm is resting on
H.P. on the point of periphery of the base. Axis of the cone makes
60° with the H.P. and 30° with the V.P. Draw the projections of the
cone, when the apex is nearer to V.P.
2. A square pyramid, side of base 50 mm and axis 80 mm long has
one of its triangular faces in the V.P. and edge of its base contained
by that face makes an angle of 30° with the H.P. Draw the
projection of a square pyramid.
3. A right square prism edge of base 30 mm and height 65 mm rests
on one of its base corners on H.P. with its axis inclined at 45° to
H.P. and the top view of the axis inclined at 30° to V.P. Draw its
projections.
4. A regular pentagonal pyramid of base 40 mm sides and height 70
mm rests on one of its slant edges on the H.P. The plan of axis is
inclined to V.P. at 30° with apex is nearer to the V.P. Draw the
projection of regular pentagonal pyramid.
5. A cube of 40 mm edges is resting on the H.P. on one of the edges
of the base with face containing that edge making 30° with the H.P.
The edge on which the cube rests on the H.P. is making 30° with
the V.P. Draw its projections.
6. A right circular cylinder, diameter of base 50mm and length of
axis 70mm rests on H.P. on its base rim such that its axis is
inclined at 45 0
to H.P. and the top view of the axis is inclined at 60
0
to the V.P. Draw its projections.
7. A right regular tetrahedron, edge of base 30mm is held on ground
plane on one of its base corner points such that the slant edge
containing the base corner is inclined at 60 0
to H.P. and the base
edge opposite the corner point inclined at 450
to the V.P. Draw its
projections.

8. A cylinder diameter of base 50 mm and height 75 mm is lying on
H.P. on one of its generators with the axis parallel to V.P. It is cut
by an Auxiliary inclined plane, inclined to H.P. by 30°, passing
through a point on axis 30 mm from one end. Draw its projections
and the true shape of the section.
9. A square pyramid, base 40 mm side and axis 60 mm long has its
base in H.P. and all edges of the base are equally inclined to V.P. It
is cut by a section plane perpendicular to V.P. and inclined at 45°
to the H.P. such that it bisects the axis. Draw its sectional top view,
sectional side view and true shape of the section.
10. A cone of the base diameter 60 mm and axis 75 mm long is resting
on its base on H.P. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to the
V.P. and inclined at 55° to the H.P. The V.T. of the section plane
passes through axis at a point 50 mm above the H.P. Draw
elevation, sectional plan, and true shape of section.
11. A square pyramid, base 40 mm side and axis 65mm long, has its
base on the H.P. And all the edges of the base equally inclined to
the V.P. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to the V.P.
inclined at 45° to the H.P. and bisecting the axis. Draw its sectional
top view, sectional side view ant true shape of the section.
12. A frustum of a cone, having base diameter 60 mm, top base
diameter 25 mm and axis 45 mm, is resting on one of its generators
on H.P. The axes of the frustum makes and angle of 300
with V.P.
Draw the projections of the solid.

CHAPTER 7 : ORTHOGRAPHIC / SECTIONAL
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
Q.1 Refer the object shown in FIGURE: 1. Draw the following
orthographic views using the FIRST angle projection method. Use the
Aligned System of dimensioning. (1) Front View from the direction X
(ii) Top View (iii) Left Hand Side View.
FIGURE: 1
Q.2 Fig.-2 shows pictorial view of an object. Draw the following views
using first angle projection method. (1) Sectional Elevation from X (2)
Top view (3) Right hand side view.

FIGURE 2
Q.3 Figure 3 shows the three dimensional pictorial view of an object.
Draw using first angle projection method, front view, top view and side
view.
FIGURE 3
Q.4 Fig.-4 shows pictorial view of an object. Draw the following views
using first angle projection method. (1) Sectional Elevation from X (2)
Top view (3) Right hand side view.

FIGURE 4
Q.5 Draw the front view, top view and left hand side view of the object
given in figure 5.Use first angle projection method.
FIGURE 5
Q.6 Figure.6 shows the Pictorial view of an object. Draw the following
view using first angle projection method (a) Sectional Front elevation at
arrow X (b) Top view (c) Side view from left.

FIGURE: 6
Q.7 Fig.7 show pictorial view of an object. Draw following views (a)
Sectional Elevation from – X (b) Plan and (c) Right hand side view
FIGURE: 7
Q.8 The following figure shows pictorial view of an object. Draw to the
full scale the Following views, using first angle projection method.
Insert all dimensions.

1. Front view looking in the direction of arrow X2. Top view,3. Right
hand side view
FIGURE: 8
Q.09:Using the first angle projection method, draw the following view
for the figure:-09. Give the dimensions using the Aligned dimensioning
method.
(i) Sectional front view by taking section along C-D
(ii) Sectional left hand side view by taking section along A-B
(iii) Top view-----
Q.10:Draw orthographic view (i)
Elevation (ii) Top view (iii) Left Hand
Side View of the following figure
10,U
se 1st
angle
proje
ction
syste
m----

CHAPTER 8 : ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
Problem: 1
Problem: 2

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