Chapter-2 of Computer Architecture

1. 1
CIS775: Computer Architecture
Chapter 2:
Fundamentals of
Computer Design

2. 2
Course Objectives
 To evaluate the issues involved in choosing and
designing instruction set.
 To learn concepts behind advanced pipelining
techniques.
 To understand the “hitting the memory wall” problem
and the current state-of-art in memory system design.
 To understand the qualitative and quantitative
tradeoffs in the design of modern computer systems

3. 3
What is Computer Architecture?
Technology
Programming
Language
Interface
Interface Design
(ISA)
Measurement &
Evaluation
Parallelism
Computer
Architecture:
Applications
OS
Hardware Organization

4. 4
Computer Architecture Topics
Instruction Set Architecture
Pipelining, Hazard Resolution,
Superscalar, Reordering,
Prediction, Speculation,
Vector, DSP
Addressing,
Protection,
Exception Handling
L1 Cache
L2 Cache
DRAM
Disks, WORM, Tape
Coherence,
Bandwidth,
Latency
Emerging Technologies
Interleaving Memories
RAID
VLSI
Input/Output and Storage
Memory
Hierarchy
Pipelining and Instruction
Level Parallelism

5. 5
Computer Architecture Topics
M
Interconnection NetworkS
PMPMPMP
° ° °
Topologies,
Routing,
Bandwidth,
Latency,
Reliability
Network Interfaces
Shared Memory,
Message Passing,
Data Parallelism
Processor-Memory-Switch
Multiprocessors
Networks and Interconnections

6. 6
Measurement and Evaluation
Design
Analysis
Architecture is an iterative process:
• Searching the space of possible designs
• At all levels of computer systems
Creativity
Good IdeasGood Ideas
Mediocre Ideas
Bad Ideas
Cost /
Performance
Analysis

7. 6
Measurement and Evaluation
Design
Analysis
Architecture is an iterative process:
• Searching the space of possible designs
• At all levels of computer systems
Creativity
Good IdeasGood Ideas
Mediocre Ideas
Bad Ideas
Cost /
Performance
Analysis