sex education

1. Sex Education
R Ó W E L L D S . U L Á N G
H U M S S 1 1 - A
M R S . A N A L Y N M . T A N A W A N

2. Sex Education
Sex education is an instruction on issues relating to
human sexuality like emotional relations and responsibilities,
human sexual anatomy, sexual activity, sexual reproduction,
age of consent, reproductive health, reproductive rights, safe
sex, birth control and sexual abstinence.
Sex education helps people gain the information, skills
and motivation to make healthy decisions about sex and
sexuality. Planned Parenthood is the nation’s largest provider
of sex education, reaching 1.5 million people a year.

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Sex Education
Sex education is about a
variety of topics related to sex
and sexuality and its values and
beliefs and gaining the skills to
manage one’s own sexual health.
Sex education may take place in
schools, in community settings,
or online.
Traditionally, adolescents
in many cultures were not
given any information on
sexual matters, with the
discussion of these issues
being considered taboo.

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ADULTS SUPPORT SEX EDUCATION PARENTS OF SECONDARY
STUDENTS
According to SIECUS, the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the
United States…
According to SIECUS, the Sexuality Information and Education
Council of the United States, 93% of adults they surveyed support
sexuality education in high school and 84% support it in junior high
school. In fact, 88% of parents of junior high school students and 80%
of parents of secondary school students believe that sex education in
school makes it easier for them to talk to their adolescents about sex.
93% 84% 80%88%
SUPPORT IN JUNIOR HIGH PARENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH

5. The progressive education movement of the late 19th century
led to the introduction of "social hygiene" in North American school
curricula and the advent of school-based sex education. Most of the
information on sexual matters in the mid-20th century was obtained
informally from friends and the media, and much of this information was
deficient or of dubious value, especially during the period following puberty.
This deficiency was heightened by the increasing incidence of teenage
pregnancies. As part of each country's efforts to reduce such pregnancies,
programs of sex education were introduced, initially over strong opposition
from parent and religious groups.

6. Burt defined sex education as the
study of the characteristics of
beings—a male and female, and it
makes up the person's sexuality.
Sexuality is an important aspect of
the life of a human being and almost all people, including
children, want to know about it. Sex education includes all the
educational measures which - regardless of the particular
method used - may center on sex. He further said that sex
education stands for protection, presentation extension,
improvement and development of the family based on accepted
ethical ideas.

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OTHER DEFINITONS
Leepson
Leepson sees sex education as
instruction in various physiological,
psychological and sociological aspects
of sexual response and reproduction.
Kearney (2008) also defined sex
education as "involving a comprehensive
course of action by the school, calculated to
bring about the socially desirable attitudes,
practices and personal conduct on the part of
children and adults, that will best protect the
individual as a human and the family as a
social institution."
Kearney

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EvidenceEvidence shows that a combination of
comprehensive sex education and access to birth control
appears to decrease the rates of unintended pregnancies
among teenagers. Numerous studies show that curricula
providing accurate information about condoms and
contraception can lead to reductions in the risky
behaviors reported by young people as well as
reductions in unintended pregnancies and STIs.
Programs that teach only abstinence have not been
shown to be effective.

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Evidence
According to UNFPA, "A 2010 review found
that 'gender-focused' curricula – meaning
curricula that integrate gender equality into the
learning material – were substantially more
effective in reducing risky behaviors than
programmes that did not consider gender."

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Evidence
Research has also shown that delay in sexual
initiation, use of condoms and practice
contraception has been a result of young people
adopting egalitarian attitudes about gender roles.
These individuals were also found to be less likely
engaged in violent relationships and have a lower
rate of STIs including HIV and unintended
pregnancy.

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Evidence
By emphasizing rights and gender issues,
these programs help reduce gender-
based violence and bullying, promote safe
schools, empower young people to
advocate for their own rights, and
advance gender equality

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The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) recommends comprehensive sexuality
education, as it enables young people to make informed decisions about their sexuality.
According to UNFPA, "It is taught over several years, introducing
age-appropriate information consistent with the evolving capacities
of young people. It includes scientifically accurate, curriculum-based
information about human development, anatomy and pregnancy. It
also includes information about contraception and sexually
transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. And it goes beyond
information, to encourage confidence and improved communication
skills. Curricula should also address the social issues surrounding
sexuality and reproduction, including cultural norms, family life and
interpersonal relationships."

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Human rights issues, gender equality and gender roles
should be integrated into every aspect of these discussions.
This includes human rights protection, fulfillment and
empowerment; the impact of gender discrimination; the
importance of equality and gender-sensitivity; and the ideas
underlying gender roles. Sexual abuse, gender-based
violence and harmful practices should also be discussed.
Taken together, all this information teaches young people the
life skills necessary to assume responsibility for their own
behavior and to respect the rights of others."

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Comprehensive sexuality education "enables
young people to make informed decisions about their
sexuality and health. These programmes build life
skills and increase responsible behaviors, and
because they are based on human rights principles,
they help advance human rights, gender equality and
the empowerment of young people."

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Morality
There are two opposing sides of the sex education argument
amongst parents. Sexual liberals see knowledge on sex as equipping
individuals to make informed decisions about their personal sexuality,
and they are in favor of comprehensive sexual education all
throughout schooling, not just in high school. Sexual conservatives
see knowledge on sex as encouraging adolescents to have sex, and
they believe that sex should be taught inside the family in order for
their morals to be included in the conversation. Sexual conservatives
see the importance of teaching sex education, but only through
abstinence-only programs.

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What Role Does Planned Parenthood Play In Sex Education?
Planned Parenthood education staff reach 1.5 million individuals
each year, and 64% of those individuals are middle school and high
school aged youth.
Planned Parenthood education departments provide a robust range
of programming options, including: Evidence-Based education
programs for young people, adults and priority populations
Peer Education Programs promote programs and other community-
driven, culturally relevant health education programs.

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Planned Parenthood believes that parents
play a critical and central role in providing sex
education.

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Characteristics of Effective Sex Education
Experts have identified critical characteristics of highly effective sex
education and HIV/STI prevention education programs. Such programs:
1. Offer age- and culturally appropriate sexual health information in a
safe environment for participants;
2. Are developed in cooperation with members of the target
community, especially young people;
3. Assist youth to clarify their individual, family, and community
values;
4. Assist youth to develop skills in communication, refusal, and
negotiation;

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5. Provide medically accurate information about both abstinence and also
contraception, including condoms;
6. Have clear goals for preventing HIV, other STIs, and/or teen pregnancy;
7. Focus on specific health behaviors related to the goals, with clear
messages about these behaviors;
8. Address psychosocial risk and protective factors with activities to
change each targeted risk and to promote each protective factor;
9. Respect community values and respond to community needs;
10. Rely on participatory teaching methods, implemented by trained
educators and using all the activities as designed.

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Sex Education is probably one of the
sensitive topics as far as the Philippines is
concerned. It has been a subject of debate
whether to incorporate this in the school
curriculum. The reason behind it is to address
the problems of pre-marital sex and teenage
pregnancies among teenagers, and to check
the spread of sexually-transmitted diseases
(STDs).

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Most recently, the Department of Health
announced a plan to distribute condoms to high school
students. They said this is in conjunction with
introducing sex education to these students in order to
address the aforementioned problems.
This move was met with strong if not harsh
criticism from the conservatives of society. While the
aforementioned measure will address the said
problems, the issue here is whether the youth are
mature enough to understand the nature of sex.

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The concern of these groups is that these youths might
be further encouraged to engage in (pre-marital) sex since
these condoms are an assurance they can do it safely without
the risk of transmitting STDs or getting their partner
pregnant.
According to the data collated by the Philippine Statistics
Authority (PSA), among 10 Filipinas aged between 15 and 19
years old, one has gotten pregnant; 8% have become
mothers and 2% are pregnant with their first child.

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From the
Department of Health
(DOH), the data they
have gathered showed
there have been over
30,000 AIDS /HIV cases
recorded between
1984 and 2016.

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The outbreak of AIDS has given a
new sense of urgency to sex education.
Some international organizations such as Planned
Parenthood consider that broad sex education programs
have global benefits, such as controlling the risk of
overpopulation and the advancement of women's rights.
The use of mass media campaigns has sometimes
resulted in high levels of "awareness" coupled with
essentially superficial knowledge of HIV transmission.

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According to Columbia University
researchers, virginity pledge programs
increase pledge-takers’ risk for STIs and pregnancy. The
study concluded that 88 percent of pledge-takers initiated
sex prior to marriage even though some delayed sex for a
while. Rates of STIs among pledge-takers and non-pledgers
were similar, even though pledge-takers initiated sex later.
Pledge-takers were less likely to seek STI testing and less
likely to use contraception when they did have sex.

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We all have heard about
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
(STDs) but we live our lives thinking
that it will never happen to us and we
don't really know everything we
should about the whole topic.

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THANK
YOU!