Contains the Definitions and brief History of Plant Breeding

1. PRINCIPLES OF PLANT BREEDING
NAME:-ROSHAN .SANJAY. CHANDURKAR
REG NO:- 2020A/102M
DEPT:- PLANT PATHOLOGY
COURSE NO:-GP-503
COURSE TEACHER:-DR JAYKUMAR DESHMUKH SIR

2. CONTENTS:-
1. PLANT BREEDING-
DEFINITION
2. INDIAN & WORLD HISTORY
OF PLANT BREEDING {PRE &
POST MENDELIAN ERA}

3. 1. DEFINITION
Plant Breeding can be defined as a science as well
as an art of improving the genetic make up of plant
in relation to their economic use.
Plant Breeding is defined as a technology of
developing superior crop plants.
Plant Breeding is the art and science of improving
the heredity of plants for the benefit of mankind.

4. History Of Plant Breeding
Plant breeding started with sedentary agriculture,
particularly the domestication of the
first agricultural plants, a practice which is estimated to
date back 9,000 to 11,000 years. Initially, early human
farmers selected food plants with desirable characteristics
and used these as a seed source for subsequent
generations, resulting in an accumulation of characteristics
over time.

5. PRE
MENDELIAN
HISTORY OF
PLANT
BREEDING:-
YEAR SCIENTISTS CONTRIBUTION
1694 R.
Camararious
Discovered sexual reproduction in plants.
1717 Thomas
Fairchild
Developed first INTER-SPECIFIC hybrid
between Sweet William* Carnation
popularly known as “Fairchild Mule”
He is known as “Father of Plant Breeding”
1800 T. A. Knight First used artificial hybridization in fruit
crops.
1890 Rimpu Made first INTER-GENERIC cross between
BREAD WHEAT [TRITICUM AESTIVUM] &
RYE [SECAL CEREAL] which later gave rise to
TRITICALE.

6. MENDEL’S CONTRIBUTION
 GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL was an Austrian Botanist
who laid the foundation of the science of Genetics.
 He worked with GARDEN PEA [PISUM SATIVUM] and
formulated two important laws of Inheritance.
 He presented his results at meetings of Natural History
Society and his work was published in The Proceedings
of the Society in 1866.
 However, his results were neglected for 34 years until
they were rediscovered in 1900.

7. The two law’s formulated by Mendel are:-
1.Law of Segregation.
2.Law of Independent Assortment.

8. POST MENDELIAN HISTORY OF PLANT
BREEDING:-
YEAR SCIENTISTS CONTRIBUTION
1900 Hugo de Vries, Carl
Correns, Tschemark
Rediscoverd Mendel’s laws of inheritance
independently.
1903 W. L. Johannsen Coined the term gene, genotype, phenotype &
developed the concept of pure line.
1914 G. H. Shull First used the term Heterosis for Hybrid Vigour
.
1917 D. F. Jones Gave the idea of Double Cross Hybrid in Maize.

9. YEAR SCIENTIST CONTRIBUTION
1928 Muller & Stadler First used X-rays for induction of mutations.
1953 N. E. Borlaug First outlined the method of developing Multi Lines
in Wheat in GREEN REVOLTUION.
1956 H. H. Flor Developed the concept of Gene for Gene
hypothesis in Flax for Flax Rust.
1963 Vander Plank Developed the concept of Vertical & Horizontal
resistance.
1968 Donald Developed the concept of crop ideotype in Wheat.
1978 Yuan Long Ping Developed world’s first Pigeon pea Hybrid [ICPH-8]
for commercial cultivation in the world.
1983 Fraley Development of World First Transgenic Plant
[Genetically Engineered] in Tobacco in USA.

10. - 1871 – The Government of India created the Department of Agriculture
- 1905 – The Imperial Agricultural Research Institute was established in Pusa, Bihar
- 1934 – The buildings of the institute damaged in earthquake
- 1936 – Shifted to New Delhi
- 1946 – Name was changed Indian Agricultural Research Institute
- 1901-05 – Agricultural Colleges were established at Kanpur, Pune, Sabour, Llyalpur,
Coimbatore
- 1929 – Imperial council of Agricultural Research was established
- 1946 – Name was change to Indian Council Agricultural Research
- 1921 – Indian Central Cotton Committee was established – Notable researches on breeding
and cultivation of cotton. Eg : 70 improved varieties of cotton
- 1956 – Project for intensification of regional research on cotton, oilseeds and millets
(PIRRCOM) was initiated to intensify research on these crops – located at 17 different centres
through out the country
- 1957 – All India Coordinated maize improvement project was started with objective of
exploiting heterosis
- 1961 - The first hybrid maize varieties released by the project
- ICAR initiated coordinated projects for improvement of the other crops
- 1960 – First Agricultural University established at Pantnagar, Nainital, U.P.
History of
Plant
Breeding in
India

11. Contribution
of Some
Indian Plant
Breeder’s
Dr M. S. Swaminathan-He is a famous plant breeder who developed high yielding varieties
of Wheat & Rice which was responsible for Green Revolution. He is known as “Father of
Green Revolution” in India. He received World Food Prize in 1987.
T. S. Venkatraman- He was an eminent Sugarcane breeder. Developed several varieties of
sugarcane having high yield & sugar content, known as “Nobalization of Sugarcane”.
Dr B. P. Pal- He was an eminent breeder known for his contribution to the breeding of
disease resistant varieties of Wheat. He was the first DG of ICAR.
Pushkarnath- A famous Potato breeder. He was director of CPRI, Shimla.
C. T. Patel- He was a famous Cotton breeder. Developed world’s first cotton hybrid [H-4] in
1970 for commercial cultivation in India. He is known as Father of Hybrid Cotton.

12. Dr K. L. Chadda- He was a
prominent Pomologist.
Known as Father of GOLDEN
REVOLUTION in India.
Dr N. G. P. Rao- Famous
Sorghum breeder. He was
chairman of ASRB and Vice
Chancellor of VNMKV.
K. Ramiah- Prominent Rice
breeder. He was Director of
CRRI, Cuttack.
Dr R. S. Paroda- Forage
breeder. He was DG of ICAR.
D. S. Athwal- Prominent Bajra
breeder.
Bosisen- Prominent Maize
breeder.