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Using Values and Norms to Model Realistic Agents
1. Using Values and Norms To
Model Realistic Agents
Rijk Mercuur, Virginia Dignum and Catholijn Jonker
Delft University of Technology
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2. Using Values and Norms To
Model Realistic Agents
Rijk Mercuur, Virginia Dignum and Catholijn Jonker
Delft University of Technology
what one finds important in life a standard or rule in society
reproduces human behavior
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10. The UG can have different amount of rounds
The one-shot UG or repeated UG
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11. In the 1x UG, we ask: why do humans make
fair demands?
Demand 56% of the $1000
Accept 81% of the demands
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N = 5950
Cooper, D. J., & Dutcher, E. G. (2011). The Dynamics of Responder Behavior in Ultimatum Games: A Meta-Study.
12. In the 10x UG, we ask: how come humans start to
demand and accept more after 10 rounds?
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13. In the ultimatum game,
the realism of agents
can be improved
with values and norms.
Result:
Method:
Case:
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14. The realism of agents is evaluated by
comparing human behavior to agent behavior
Micro data Macro data
Other (e.g.,
Turing Test)
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15. We simulate the behavior of a group of agents
We distinguishing two types of learning
Evolutionary learning In-Game learning
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16. To reproduce first round behavior we let
agents ‘evolve’ until they are stable
Demand 56%
Accept 81%
?
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17. To reproduce repeated UG behavior we check
human learning against agent learning
95% CI of human play
Simulated agent play
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18. In the ultimatum game,
the realism of agents
can be improved
with values and norms.
Result:
Method:
Case:
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34. In the ultimatum game,
the realism of agents
can be improved
with values and norms.
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35. Implications
• Potential for agent-based simulations of psychological
experiments
• Shows some models are more realistic than others
• Simple models are not enough
• Groundwork for more complex social agents
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-the checkmarks means ‘does reproduce human behavior’
-Note that this is a result we found by simulating, but we do not fully understand analytically
-Leo repeats successful actions; that gave him a good reward;
-Note that this is a result we found by simulating, but we do not fully understand analytically
-Leo repeats successful actions; that gave him a good reward;