Nampiah Sukarnol

1. ~Xi13 .£
-:: 6~
The 3rd Meeting of Far East Asia CoIIabonltion of
September 13-17, 2004 Nafree Resortel. Suwon, RAm~tflflll'!iilAa
~ 2! ~ ttl ~ 2t S!JTHE KOREA.-...; SOCIE1Y OF Mt:SHR<X>M SCIENCE
ISSN 1738-0294·
•

2. Vo12. ,,",0 3.pI57-162 Sep. 2004
.1ushroom Science and Producllon Printed in S. KOREA
( 2[04 by The Korean SOClety of Mushroom SClence
Development of Ganoderma lucidum on Soft and Hard Wood Logs and Determination of
Organic Germanium and Ganoderic Acid Content ofthe Fruiting Body Produced
Nampiah Sukarnol.1*, Al-Azhariati Ainil, Vhi Sumarnal, Eti Rohaeti', and Latifah K Darusman'
~~*2.~ ~~* g~0l1A1 Gancx:terma luddlm2.1 ~~J!l­
A~~j:~I2.1 Org:lnic Germa1iumJ!~ Gancx:leric Add ~~
,}'C!-"'t§/rH6! S!J'}
(?.!~'J_~ifl),/of, _t/ __l~.';
'i'l 111 A/Of.
sI6,'j'}
~ ~ B-1 AJ Q:[ S1 Al
~l 211 A11 3 ~
Journal of Mushroom Science and Production
Volume 2 Number 3 September 2004

3. Ihhmuill Scie:lCc and Production Vol. 2. No~. p157-162 Sep. 2004
~{XJ..l hy The Kllrean Society 11i" !u,;ml()111 Science Printed in S. KOREA
Development ofGanoderma lucidum on Soft and Hard Vood Logs and Determination of
Organic Germanium and Ganoderic Acid Content ofthe Fruiting Body Produced
Nampiah SukarnoU
*, AI-Azhariati Aini', Viyi Sumarna', Eti Rohaeti', and Latifah K. [)arusman'
'I'j!::r.'f}}r'!!! u{Jii,
',,'lni!l{'IH :)((']-}t'nI,'.c.;rr", 1"/1('1.1/( 1)/
f)/I;!:/fnl,'lt':: Nt
~~*2~ ~~* ~~01IAi Ganoderma ILCidumQI ~~:i!~
A~~j;11°1 Organic Germanium:i!~ Ganoderic kid gJ-~
.3* . ~-OtAot2.IOtE~ 0110lLI' . ttl ttl 4rOt2 q1
011 EI£iiHEj2 . 2.~Elliil K.ct 2 4r12l3
IISTRACT: The ohjectiH's of this experiment were to study the growth and development of fruiting body of the tWI)
(Il//Wderllla lllcidlll1l isolates Oil log of the soft wood Para,'eriallfltes falcataria and the hard wood Shorea sp., and
dd~rmination of organic germanium and crude ganoderic acid content of tlu.' fruiting bod~ produced. The two
( ,(//wderllla lucidul/I isolates US('<i were one Indonesian nathe (Indonesia isolate / and another isolate was purchased from
Fungi Perlecti, LSA (commercial isolate/.
rhe deH'lopment and quality of the primordium and fruiting bod~' of the mushroom, in general, were influenced by the
,.."Iatr~ used. The types (If w(lIKI. however. had no effect on the quality of the primordium and fruiting body produced.
I h~ Indonesian isolate pnKluc('<i better fruiting hod~ compared to that of the l'Olllmerdal isolate. The development of
'ruiting body from I}rimordium. howeer, was low for the tO isolates tested. In general. only about one third of th('
,lrimordiul11 developed further into nlllturr fruiting bodies. ncept for the comlllerdal isoblle gnmn on the soft wood
lll'flium in which more than 60'7( of the l}rimordiull1 dewloped into mature fruiting body. Apart from producing normal
'ruiting b()d~, the l'Ommerdlll isolate also produn~d an abnormal onr. which had 11 whitt' nlllture pileus, whereas the
'1' Irmal one was brim nish red.
rhe organic germanium l'Oncentration of the fruiting blKI~ produn'<i on the hard wood, in general. Wll'i higher than that
.! ~rown on the soft wood. The fruiting bod~ from commercial isolate had higher organic gennanium l'Oncentratioll
.IIll1l}arl'<i to that of Indonesian i.,ollite in both (I(KI types. The two isolates used. however, had almost the same value of
:Ill' lTude gamKleric add concentmtioll ill hoth types of 11(1{) tested. The Indon('Sian isolate hlld higher total yield of both
.rl,!anic germanium lind crude ganlKieric acid of the fruiting hll{).' 1)I'(Kluced compared to that of the commerdal isolate.
r-EYORI>S : Gal10derllla lllcidulI/. Paraseri{/I/fhesfalmfaria. Shorea sp.. IllUShl'(I()I11 primordium. fruiting b(l{)j', organic
grrmaniul11. and crude gamKieric add.
INTRODUCTION
. iu(/el'lllCI luchlulll (Jnt' (l th,' kl1() n
1.1 tI ll11lShr(Jollls cilld it hel'-. iJVVI1 IISt'd )1' cl
111 Chil1~l ~1l1c1 I"im ~il1d l"il11. :i~i~i).
iJi(leiCti't~
111','li,'imtl
)() j: Lu, ISl~JS):
a.'icl i" 1)11(' of
ane! this
,Ill< 'nUll ru;~ ll:-i
'l::;' 'z11uE' (U
that
(lc'id III thl lIsdul metabolitt''' hich
he
. h~PIT~('Il"i()n. di,liJ(i( ':-i
~! Hl-I: ,IS
ctrli1l'iti:.. bWllc'hiris,
CI:~'t':'" l! In!;
,,!lei
{'Il ell'L'LllllC:lll'C] th'lt
" lnding authur:

4. 158
:mri tum()r :1l1cl ilnti 111
,I!ll')' n:1 (:r
,l('r:n,lIlitl:ll (.",(1, 1~J:-;(l), (k.l(:llli,' g,'I'I1;llllilll1;
1111j)()l'1 ;];~ 1 ro: (' ::1 t Ill' I;, iIllul III i()11 IJI' I hl' i1'lIl'lllW
""k:ll, C11l1 1
()<;icbnl, ;tllli'-i~l·ht':llil·, "l1li~,dlli,)icl,
Iinei 1.II1:llgl';;' , Ti'("iW,'ifi,' dc,ti"11 ,:f till' ,
gcn:lalliulll i Oil 1"1. Tlli' r
f( Winill iOIl
1:1:-,,: 1
Cn
I ' ,
1;!ii(}(J(
"II
lirtifici::i Illc·diilill ,d~ ('111](111,',·,1 III 1;.:;-;- lind Ill'
cltitiC!li'H] of ;il,' 11ll1~hr()()n: ('1111 11[ ,'illTi.. ,!! :lUI ii";l!
, lOci C(J1l1
il 1 ciW.c1 ( II I,
III ()()d (li/lilli>, 1;)(1;1: llj('I1, 1:1;;(1),1':'('11 liloll,v:L lil,'
:ni:~hr(l(1111 ,'<Ill il'· ['ltlli';lI('c! ilill lill "lIllCli(ll1l!i
slll)~)IIIII'('I. lIC 11](' ;'],lIilill,C:; I)()d~ pI'[HI: ""il III,'
inCllICIl('('ri, 11m, (if Ih'll; i) lil,' I;.H' i)C '])('rlil'lll
(TOils r'i Iii.. ):1;1 II, II hll" 1>"1'11 [','il( III th:I' ,Ill'
ll111~IlI'tl()l~l gn) ,] 111 Ih" 1l,1I't! (Iud hilt! 1')1111,'111
()r gl'rll1cl11iulll IIUll :hd: 'Jf .g"() 11 :n lill' i r: : H
] 'IJ;-;(i),
Jllc/(llH'sill 1:-. '"ll' of Iill' IO()el pr:)c]",','!' )li11l1';",.; III
lile' import:llll ~llr: lind I'llI'd (Hid il'ldgl'()1 II
li:llI1Hlilillil i:l lili:, ('(llll1l (1" "I,ill II, 1:1 Ii:
,[I~ k 11: J 11
'Illl'
Jl<Jri ill llil pI'lm In'(', or ,llm'ih'l!l::i
lll11s11ro(Jl1l L)IIC!i. I ~J,S:i: )Jlrln ;
of1<']1 foulld ill 11](' 1,) ll!l('''; ()f ;;1..
~l';11!)~'"~ i(> c''--llt! tl"
hOIl'It'J'. nol
'c1 hllcl h"iil
rill, lI"i 'd ()Il til<'
C:',' i ,'nil lilt'(I
tht' bi()11l11S~ 'lUI lib,) bl
jlrt'SeIKt' ill tI~(' pmduCi (l5,
lucirlum (in lhe I)f
it b i0:3 U i E:' l' () I1l P() :~ cI II S i ll1iHvria] f(Jl'
mushroo:11 grclth mt'ciium ht'i~~'t' this
The i,ims (if this
til(' 1)1'
ei ni..
:IIIpuII nrI~
fu,'iciwil Illl llll' Innl II (nd S/]OJ'l'ii
)(Jc] !)::r:f>'i'J";;lil(hl',~' (:dC':flt:ri{( ;J:-:d c1('t('rnliniJlioll (
t () r
~I), Ililci
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Mushroom Species, Log Preparation, Cultivation
Methods and Experimental Design
;'(1:, I,~,l', lS 1 hie!'
Tlli, [o;e,I:IlI' II il' 1)(, rd,'ITI'C
1:111, ill li,i, pilj)IT, Til(, (,lIi1ll1'(''; Il:
II i , 'I ·1 iI ill:
, 'd til
·ds
(1:11 :-; 1'( il' I() jill 1;:11 Oil [h" I)(ld hiP:,
'I'h, 1,; : I P(
,(I ill [ili" (',jllTillH'l1[ 1'
till
illlill.l~ ),) l'1l~ II.
II (, ('lIl Ii (' ,)1) ,'Ill i()!lg [iJ1(] ('li,'I',
Slrh' ()I lil,' , ill iii'.', 1 (11'11 1(,t11(1 III 1)1 ill,' '2" iill]l TL,
i)ll(h '1'(' :-.l('ill11('(' 1'( II) ht)[tr~ ill lil(' ~,)() liler>
r:rull'l. 11]("1
'011'1'1;" ,'(([I')1l lil~!/ 1,,;1(1 "d 1111, t"
P:'V'('I;
liUi, Eil"h
j.
t ...III'·'()
],(,'I1i()c'cl UIlCI 1u' logs ';~rl' llkt'c'd
ill!) 'iiler, Till' :)b';i~n Ilti()ns on de uf
;:lUshron;il Ilml fruitil",,: 1 ere ('Clrrieci
() I,ll b~ CI)1I11li!1g fhi::' Ilumlwr of Drcl illlll
illlcl l1limbvr of [rulll
m()rcl iLi TI, ,- [t t' r I1l Cli ' fni:tl
Tre
hanc'sted ;ll~ci lh, 1'1',':;h and cliarnelH' Ien
Ihe fruit
i:i' ),':II;.lll1 fn 1111 ill1ll11id III [lil'].,,('(1 lind

5. ,)(h'rma
, ill' >;0 ft
: Jltivation
:,IW II'
i;1 :wei
I~il'h
:('iTt'C]
1"1 'S ()f
<),()111l
, lillill
II :h,
;:'n'
':ll 111
',lCiJ
" dried in the 0'('11 ill (iOC [or I::! iWlIr:'" ---he
()1:! for Ii ll1'ILl:;:. illll'!" leg
ith j
,'if'Cil111'(', h~ !lUlll';:]] tl"..;t (1'< IUl.)) It'r(' llsl'ci I,)
II' Ill(' d:II:1 in [hi" (
=xtraction and Determination Procedures of Organic
::;ermanium and Crude Ganoderic Acid
li1';,Id,'n' Ih' S;,llljl' ',;
'('( ('cl II) , :11(' 11111 In:llllll',"I:--- 11(':'('
hoc II CiS ()I('ll ciri"ci :11 (i(l (
-;-l hllll],:-; llwl ,1.([,()lll1Ci('(l. I:ill' ,1.(1':1111:-; 1)1'1111' ,1.(1'Ii1l1l(II'cl
'1IIg 1)(Jcll 11'1'1' hl'illl,r1 1111,1111 (' "(11':: h')lll'>, ('lIllie'cl
II) 1111 1I1111il ,)' Ile II
l:l(' :<111
",'d 1111(1111[' ll(,lIl'lll pie 111,:;1' "dIrIU' Ii'" S'::)Y" "'('
, fill' d,'lt'r:ll:Il,1l (,I' "l'glll];,' "'I'1111l1 1111
, l'llcil' glll]i)( It
".)r()rlll, '11'11
I I( 'id 1
11'1111'<1 111](1 (',! ,r! fllnih 1)1 .,'illl)['1 11':]1 1111,,1
r I: I 1 TIlt' l'lli"i'''!';) frll,'li":l II lj',
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
:>1 ( 159
In ,Jw vocluL'tiol1 of primordium
f,l:'ter thim tInt oi Inciont-'sia
of 1 om!. COIllI1wrciai is()Ull('
f:I:'[l'r ill [iH' S/JOJ'Cii :'p, l'(lllljlilrcc
10 Ihd[ ill' ill Illt' l'ilI'iISeriilw/)('s {nlc:ll:lriil. lOJl1IlH'rci"i1
lill' <Iwnu ::.j).. Ilwn
I" ,(,(1 !:wrl' ,hll1 11"l T I( :ee ;li()I'I:I:ll j()ll. Th(,
)(II[ ee! hlCIIlI) ('rrCCl 0:1 jlrillHnliulll""
til;!:l I Illt)I}111S ::fll'1' illf)['lillllioll [il jll'OrlUl'<'
q'<iiulll in IJul 11()()(lllllc':; [1,:-;[(,(1.
Til,' (kll
)1'1 illi'clilllcc, l':-'I'I'Jlt It' lilt, IllcifliW<:lll iSI,IIIlI' ill
'[Hli l III' ,",'!Jun'il SI). ill 11:1:,,11 j'I'q;lin,c!:i lirl',
11'1'c' ,;1(111 !'r li'I::11 ()IIl' 1)'('1 i'Hh n'",i1h
lilt' ell!; l~ 1)(';-: 01 I()()(I f()r th('
lJlll ']:II!'S l<,ukltll() ('l ;II.. ~il();l).
)];1[1':' prOcilll'C'd
Irdiliin ill [Ill' I II I)
!;It diu;;: 1
I)()(I~ LI< i ir:"'I'['Il! ill 1hz' [f)
,<[) :: I, S, III )1'1 fruilill:.! 1)I)!lj, dc' ("lljll'(i
'1"'!11 jll'::l1['!'ciill til<' 1'lllllll!:'r,'i:11 isol:lll' The'
rl'<lIll:, ,,1)1:[]I1I'I; i,l ('''lill'rilll!'lli 11'1'" 111111'11 il!ll'"
ihilll [hilt (i( 111 lilli' pr,'1 i[)ll'; IIII 1'-',[I,l.(lllillll II:-;ill:.! till'
:-;:111 (Ill:" 1l1l'liilllll ill II hl,'I] tilll! :llllIlh! :111 "I' 11ll'
'ci iJI Ilw pnldu"li(11l Ill' lllc,:-;ilrl)IJ:1l )rcliIE'] Tic: (IIIIEII Iii hr
,"POll ('! ill.. 1:1:!ii), Thl' lilli' 1", Ij~ II'I [.; 1'1".' :-;1' V1 cI I' ~ II I'!
to 111('
:hl,' l. Thc <['cragc or minimal timc rcquircd 1m primordium dec!opmcill and hud) from primordium
of the 110 (jdl1l}(/CI'IIW IIICidll1ll !c,cd,
Primordiulll dc clopcJ dcclopcd
Lug
(On) after inoculation) IDay alkr prinHlrdiul11 dccil'peci)
G./II"idulll G. II/dr/II/II G,lilcidlllll G. /th'idlllil
(Commercial 1 Iincione,ia I (Commercial) (Indonesia)
'reU sp. 3..Ub 122.7a IS.3a SO.llb
,,/,eriul1rlies 96.7a 12S.0a 17,2a 15,7a
,rdlc)'cd by the similar letter me not ,ignifical1ti) differem at P< (J,OS,

6. 160
Table 2. The <iyera:::c numbcr of fungal primordium and fruiting hody produced GlIlloliCl"II1II 1[{lilil(l1/ per log in the dlll'lllion
of 6 l11<lIl1h, after inllclliarinn'
f'ern:lllage llf Primmdiulll
NUillber of :ul1lbcr 01
Log Dc c!npcd t() r:ruiting Body
Primordiul1l fruiting B()d~
('j }
(j, /licit/lIlil ! Commcrciall 1(I,7a 3-1,6a
S/)(II'(,({ 'p,
(;, /lIciillllll (Indllnc,ia I 1,711
G. IlJlidlllll (ComnlCn:iall 'i,7a
PI Int.('I'il 1111 he )il/c(IIII I'il I
(I, IlIntilllll (Ind')llc,ia I I.7h 3-1,Oa
Data inll()cd h tile' ,imi"II' I"ltl'r arc Iwt different at 1'< (UI),
"Pril11ordium ami fruitini' produccd alkr (, mOIlII1 l'l.' Il(lt inl'hllkd,
,gl""I,11111111111 III~ ili.I~Il'1' 111 :ill' 1:-;1,11111'" .';I'!) 1 11 Oil lill'
hlll'd (locl "f ,,,'/)II!'I'II :-;]1,1111111 lit:'! Ill" Illi 11](' ';IJC! I)(Jci
fJr /);I!',~iS()r//I17!h{i,~ i':U',"U:i!-j,'J. '1'!1 dirl-(I"('lh'('~ "(;rc'
":':I)('I'II1H'11I II~I: Illl' II!);! I, ::nd "Iii' IlI'I'i(ll eil
Ihillc: lilt' '';:Idu:-;I, i~ "'I11,d ;kll !h' 'lllll:tll'l,i:cll ,1111;'
'IIIIl'("lll'lllil :: 1:!1l1 .; kgiw: l(l;ll1 11::11 1;/1.(1'01111 UI1 lill'
Fj;l!lfit('>' !:lh':J{;iri,'f, 'l'~h' I(!l:!i ~H iel or !hl (lI",~'(l!li('
i';I)llill' III' II pl "I' (11)(1, TIl' I.tilll''; ill' :111' ()I'l!lllll,'
IITI' ~Iil:ilil
l'i'll. Til" ltil:lIJI'II::d 1,11i1UI'I'
fill, 1IIId II 'j ,;f thl' ILilli '1'111IUiI1l1ll lil)I;;illl'(: ::1 Ihi< 1''.lh'l'it1 j('lil ('1'1' ;n 1111
1'11:11.;1' ();' Illl' !liJi)I,j•. i]('d j', 1;I:c. !'I'll' I,d 1 IlIh,!'
fzd( ':11: wi:;, I'l '''1)( '('I
Till' 1'llIH'I'I1I!'lllilll1 "I UI'g:lllIl' "'llllllllll11 111 l!1l'
Imll;1i:c.h
Table 3. Quality Ill' fruiting hoily prudllcc't! hy the l() I~olatl'~ 01 (;({/lOd<'1'I1I1I IIICilill1ll te~ted,
1)( Iii i, ''', ':i:- '
II hi :111' 1I<,!'lll:iI ()I1,'< l'I'I'
Log
r",'rage hc1l Wcight 01
Indiidllal Frllting Hody
Ig)
,AI erage' Dry Weight or
Indildual rrulinl:' Bod:
Ig)
r l'ragc Diamcter or
Indhidllal rnlting Body
(L'll1 )
(,.iUCU/1II11
I Commercial)
G.llfCidlllll
I lnd(lne,ial I
G.lllcidlflll
I C011lmcre'ial)
(;,Iuciillill/
(Indone,ia)
(J,llfciduIII
IC,llllmer,'iall
Ull/ciilUIII
(Inde1l1c,ia J
Sho/'ed 'p, h,-Ia ,6a I (),()b 3,9a 7,Ob
I'll /'(1.1('rill/II hes )illi'l11(/li(I 7,l); j() I b ,9<1 ,+,6a
Data loll()ed by the ,jlllilar I':Her IIrc J1l>t ,ignifil'llinly ditkrent lit P< (UI),
Table 4. Concentration and tlllal eoment of the organic germanium in the fruiting body per lelg of the twu isolates te,lecL
Concentration Ippm I Total Content (ll1gJ
Log (I'/!/cidllll1 G,I{{cii/lIm G.lllcidlllil (J, Il/cit/lIl11
(Commercial) I Indonesia I (Comll1ercial.l (Indonesia)
S/IOI'/?a sp, 6.68 (] ,01 0,07
Paroserial/tiles/lllc1I fa rill 'i,37 2,25 O,(}I 0,02
The biomass of fruiting hodies was [lUlled due to nor 'Sufficient material for replicati()n,

7. 161
,Iural iun
,1 Uill
il'1(1
.Ihle 5. Com:entration and total content of the crude gannderic acid in the hody per log of the two isolate, tested,
Concentration ('ie)
G, il/cilil/III
(Culllll1ercial)
G, 1II"idlllil
(Indune,ia)
Total Content (g)
...........~~ ...-~---
Gjllci,11I1II
(Comll1ercial)
G, lueidl/III
(Indonesia)
2,61 ()o:n 0,260
"I raI'eri,IIllhes.liI/cala riu 2.0.'1 .'1,11 O.O-.f 1 0,.'109
" biollHlSS ot bodie, 'as pulled due to 110t ,ufficicill material t(l!' rcplicatinll.
.'L I
111 ),1 ()1
],'r1l' <lei,j ~I;'; 111;[ il,rl','!I'1 h "i'11I'I' Ill(' JI;I'( iJI' 91' 111 "1 'hi]:)1 1.2;( Till ~1l11111l1
[11' or '(lot! I(':,!(',i. TOLiI I it'I,I'I( lT1Iell' ;";;IIlI),:('I'i,'
!Il(' o!IH'i' himel, dl'il('llri('(i ()!1 llll'
'il 11ll' :'Pl ill' 'd'((1. Thr' ISi)I:lli' l:lll! Pl'(I(:lIl'('(: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ii Iill, :,J",I) il:I(' Cl Ili.l.2;il,'1' lul:1 lid,i d
'IHII' ,l.2;lll1()(jl'ri,' ik'id, The l:Il:1 ,>In:linc'tI in till"
EdllC:il )11 !)r(},l'T~ll1l rOl E
1), l)i],('cI{)r~I)(' or Iii ,'I' EduCllliol1,
:lllt: 1)1l I )i'[)Urtll1l'l1! oC !lli()l1ld i~dll,'III()I1, TIl' 1~('jllliJli(' of
'Ill!" :2()()::) ill,,1 f)'lIlI illI!, hI lIlC';.;ill :)1' !ill' lil'lllr1ll:l'lll I Hilli, ,F11C1ill ur
illllll'I1Uli,,':-; il::c1 ;llur::! :--:"ll'I('( llogorg:'il'lIllur;ti
11iCicll'II(:vd til" IlilJlllil:,,; (me! 01',1..;111 Ii,' l Ili l 'I':..:i! ' (luI' llillllk:-; ;ti:.;()
':"11 oj' tIw tl() (;;;iJ(J(it'rmd IUI'i(lum g() II) i )1'( )1'1
rll' ('llIlglI:n l 11:(
. (,I' t Ill] lill' I,on'lln l"illlSlllliOI1.
REFERENCES
!IIT qUdlllil Ill' lill' r:'ullim.: Ili)CI, The, eTucil'
'it' i)l'i(i,'(llllC'lll ill' I lit' lliI li;:!l''' Il':-;tc'd ill Ih:s
(JIl (lil ]rL'C' (fi:lI) guineilsi,; JIl'< [,) :mel :Ill' "ffv"h of.'111 ldS higil ,'llllljl:lI'11 l() till' jlul)ii:-;lw(1 J'c'llllrl:';
,(IlI:lg(lllislic ll1icr()I)I).,:llli,'im,s (in Inel()n('"i::):), F()rum
P:ISlIISIlI']:l!l(I, 12(2):/1 ':;2,
,- ("()P"lI;lI.." C, C, Iims, 1 Ibkkl'll. (19l)())
Ill:rl;d'iC](Ji' ml'()I, 0.. SOIl.', Inc It',
Yurk) ,
,nonlll(lu.S, (]l)-(» ,-n(cll'lil':cI method" for falll1l'
~pe('in oP! ili'ian TL'l'iltn)n I'll', !.ld,
;S:Ii. I":', (!')hlil Org:l11ic g('rmaniul1l {Ltr,ll1 1'1Ihlic:!tllll1S,
lknj.lI11iL1, R.F, Pl'tl'r, L.(~. Bnl(l,',; (1 1)')1) k::t! (111d dlL'ir
l'(ll11l'lllll1li:; in rill' c'Jwlwnn1c'nt:d ('c'inl1l'i111, 1,,' Y()rk),
Bo);. B, ,1. lllTO'il', B, 'rllhLT, 1 ] ]mlzllr,). ] , F,
(;:lllc)(il'rlll:i illc'iciulll
LIlli (Pl~r,,) Pilt
fj'(l'l~ SOI'(:nian ;;a')ita[:
culth'anon, i.,ol:ltion, and I"sting of ;Idi e
.I. d leel, -'lushr, 6: 1:;'32,
D" Huelz:!!'. D" i)olnicu, D" Bef()ic. 1" and
I'oheer: F l.':()I)()) b(lla~ion :Inc: Cllllln:ificlLior: 'If
:lc'id,-; frnI;1 G:i1lcx/ernJ:l :Ippl:m:llum of ]strian

8. 162
urigin. Food TechnoL Biotechnoi. :,>x( I): 11 IX.
Chang, S. T. (J9H(') I:npro"ed meth()d~ (11' ~lSSa' tor
germaniulll in crude drugs. .I Tai"~m, l'harm
33H.
!ucidurn
ida",) a 111edic:n:d
lw.lsllroom, Int.). 'kelic. lush. 1: ];'llJ-I·j("
ChL'!1, A. W' (I ')l)9) Cui,i ~lli(m ()F rhL' medicinal 1ll1lshro(jl11
G;IlJoc/CI"IlW lucie/lIllJ (Curt. :Fr. )1'. Kar~t, meisili) in :()rlh
America. Jnt, J. .kelic. lush. I :2(,j-2x2,
ChcI;, D, H. and Chen X·. K. D. (2I)U.)) ]ktemiIDti():l ()~.
acids it: In:erpc'lloid (()nSritLcI;[S of (;;II1()(icrrn:!
:sug:lc',.I0 urnal ()f Food :lncil)rllg I](~): I')':; 2()]
, S. It 1. '!esdl1', :. :akall1ur:1. Y, Tezuka,
M. 11:lttmi, KkiliChi. I';. Sliill1()tolll1o, T. K~I"al1:iu. :md
T. Olak(',
suhSt:lIXL'.S from (;:/IJ(l(/crlll:1 /OCh/UllI,
I()'il-Iei"'.
(;()()Lilllan, S. I ()xx. Tiin:lp(,lIt i.s l'tll'Cl.S ()f ()rganic
gLTl1l:l!1I11I11 , :kd IIYJ!()[ilc'sc·s. Y2U--l'i. "
nchi. !lIm. )1'. XI)I Ent 1'0.' qUCI,.
Kim, 11.' [Ind B. K. K:n:. B.K 19(9) ll:oIl1l'dkir;:tl
,'vkciic, I1w,il. j:():--()-.
il:trrawijaY:I, : (19H(,) In(lol1L',si:111 ()()ci.s :11l:t, I (llllll1c' I
(i)Cl'artclllL'l1l ()[' I:, '["I'S[n :gcnn' ['or t', )!"l',~tl' I{esc:l reh
~Ind B()gor),
lin, 11. S. .L J. (;:IU, :, :lk:llllUr:t, :1I1e1 .1. Haaori, 2!1(I())
frotH till' "porL'S ()r C:I!l(Jeil'nn:1 /UCic/UIll ~Illd
tlll'ir cyto[l)xiUI [I,I.;llinsI 'vlL'th-: ~Ind LLC tumor L·dls.
CIWlll, l'hlJrlll. !)uII.IH: 1()2()-1()~~
1izuno, (1999) A :ticial cuiti'atiorJ of Gano(/erm:!
luch/um Welshi) in Japan. I"'W, [oireishi.com
'reisi1icu!tiatJotl, htm,
,liZlll1(), ,( 199t) FO(ld function and l11cdicin:tl {:'f!:ects of
mushrooms
of Sili/,lInk:; (
pp 1-170
, Shizlloka)
T (l ')M:-1) , Clwmicai :!lui''>is of (n)C'S of wood
in It](.lonL'sia (in Indonesian!. J. Pc'n. I LIe., j Jut, S:207-21O.
Pllrha, H,Y (]')')2) C;:IIl()(jCl'Ill:l, :1 that
ilL'Cll11K' lllL'dlc'illL' (ir; Inc1o:wsi:ln), Bu:. I'usli:hun brihn
12:"2-'; l.
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"I', on sinn/ust 1)1' rill' F:lflls('riaIltilcs til/c:lf;lri:1 :mel thc
Shore:1 , [mel dc,term!Lll ion of ( germ:!11 iIt n, ami
cn:dc "lc'ric :Icil I C( l"tcn:, Int ('mat i()ll~t/ SYIllP( lsi lim
on BionJl'el:cinc (!~i()f:lt"ll1:tCl Iksc-:tt'eh Ccnter, ])()gor
!'nil'CTSil, ll()gm, inciollcsi:I).
Tang, Y. J. :lllel .I. ,!, Zhong, (2()().~) or :1 liquid
S,:ilic cuitu;'c l'rnn:"s ',)r lllL:cti,)]; (
~lCid th.. l:lniiullil; l:lllshr)o!1l (;:I!l()<i('rlll:l lucil/tlm,
Bi,)kciln()1. I)rog, It): IHt2-1H-I(l,
TOllg, C S. L. KiJo()ng. C. K. LLT, (19l)~1) (;r()!J
ell:! r:IClenstlc :l!lel german ium C( )1"c'111 ,)1 (;;l1)o(/el"Ilu
/ti(-;"(/!ll!J
l'li"I, 11illil'cilll(). 2:,~T-,~55,
:Iglln, II [), li:cl1l'I1. (; S:ISS:iki, '1 , L,"
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till' niltiYilti( III (If ('illl( )cit'rIl!:I ill( 'ie/Ulil h)1 :Iw PI', ,cllldiuI1
<li l)i()lI::l.~", g~lll()lk':';l :Ieil; lind
Tccl:Il()/. BiotL'l'ilrll)I.11 1-I):,rl-:"2.
:I<;'L'r, S. P, :ind ... L. 'ei" :.1. (I')')')} :-'kdlcin~!I
propcl1ies (rt "ul )st:ll1Cl'S ()Cturnng in
mushn)()llls: current /wrspcctil'('s, Inl, J, ic(li( lll~lj
,:51
rc,'sc::lrc!J or'
1':.11 Sf SpL'ciL'.s' I:; Chin:1. In. .r.