HVPE

1. Leadership in Indian Ethical
Perspective
UNIT -III

2. Content
1.Leadership, Pre-requisites of Leadership
2.Approaches to Leadership, Leadership Styles
3.Ethical Leadership
4.Values in Leadership

3. Leadership
“Be the servant while Leading” — Swami Vivekananda
•Leadership means many things to many people. This is due to
the changing environment of leaders in different roles in
different functions in different settings starting from leadership
of the family to the top positions in multinational
organizations. However, the essentials of leadership are the
same to all leaders in all positions.

4. Leadership Prerequisite
• Due to the variation in the skills required, roles played,
functions performed, issues tackled and the relationships
promoted, different leaders have different perceptions of
leadership.
• As such, several attributes have been made both for the success and
failure of leadership in the form of properties and processes or
traits and styles of leaders.
• Leadership is a necessary part of the social process. Any group,
association, organization or community functions the way its leader
leads it. It is more true in the collectivistic cultures like India where
people follow the path shown by the great people.

5. Listed below 10 prerequisites for future leaders:
1. Passion: Leaders must have an ongoing burning drive to make things
better, to make a difference, and to persevere and overcome all barriers to
achieve success.
2. Perspective: Today’s leaders need to understand where you have been,
where you are, and where you want/need to go. It’s an ever-changing world
today. The speed of technology, for instance, has never been faster. Having
your eyes on the horizon regarding members’ growing needs, growing
regulatory requirements, evolving infrastructure, etc., is so critical.
However, one of the most critical components is keeping your pulse on
your employees and your culture, which have such a powerful impact on
the member experience and the growth of a credit union.

6. 3. Creativity: Use your creativity to find new and more effective ways
to do things. It’s the fun part of the job that requires the complete
opposite – risk taking, which is what credit unions are in the business to
do. This approach takes creativity to venture outside the proverbial box
that can many times help leapfrog over the competition. Try new things;
be curious.
4. Organizational skills: Transferring your broad vision into a very
well organized, practical, step-by-step program takes effort. This
prerequisite, however, is vital to running a well-oiled machine in
keeping tasks, responsibilities, and order in check and on target.

7. 5. Teamwork: Leading any major change involves engaging,
persuading, and working with other people while keeping the
organization’s best interests at heart. Very few great things in life occur
from one person – especially professionally. Being an aligned team from
top to bottom just about guarantees success as long as the direction has
been clearly defined for all staff. But this alignment and direction starts
at the top, the leader and must clearly communicate to everyone in the
organization to act as one.

8. 6. Persistence: Passion gets you started; persistence is what carries you
through. Highs and lows are not only part of life, they are part of business,
too. A leader that can weather these fluctuations and keep steaming ahead
can keep the credit union heading toward achieving its goals. Setbacks
occur, but being persistent can quell those speed bumps – keeping the
passion that sparked it all at full stoke. Getting and keeping everyone
focused on the goal and putting simple action plans in place is critical to
remain steadfast and persistent in your mission and vision.

9. 7.Open-mindedness: Change leads you into unchartered waters and involves a
good measure of “learning by doing.” Therefore, you must be very comfortable
with ambiguity. It’s somewhat similar to both creativity and perspective,
keeping options open for anything new and, yes, proven. Therein lies the
calculated risk that an open mind craves. A mighty fine prerequisite for today’s
credit union leader.
8.Integrity: Honest and genuine; motivated by your deeply held values to
make your organization and team better. Nothing matters more in a leader.
9.Empowerment and Accountability: Empowerment and accountability go
hand in hand. One does no good without the other. Great leaders are
comfortable delegating and empowering their teams to excel and do the right
thing to get the right results. Conversely, great leaders hold their teams
accountable as well.
10.Fun: Leaders know how to incorporate fun along the journey!

10. Definitions:-
The word ‘leader’ means ‘to travel’ or ‘show the way’. It has been derived from the
verb “to lead.” This also implies “to advance,” “to stand out,” to guide and govern
the actions of others.Aleader is a person who leads a group of followers.
• Leadership is an attempt at influencing the activities of followers through the
communication process and toward the attainment of some goal or goals.
• Leadership is an influence process that enable managers to get their people to do
willingly what must be done, do well what ought to be done.(Cribbin, J.J.
‘Leadership: strategies for organizational effectiveness’)
• Leadership is defined as the process of influencing the activities of an organized
group toward goal achievement.(Rauch & Behling.)

11. Definitions:- Contd.
• Leadership is discovering the company's destiny and having the courage to follow it.
( Joe Jaworski - Organizational Learning Center at MIT.).
• Leadership is interpersonal influence, exercised in a situation, and directed, through the
communication process, toward the attainment of a specified goal or goals.
( Tannenbaum, Weschler & Massarik)
• Leadership is not a person or a position. It is a complex moral relationship between
people, based on trust, obligation, commitment, emotion, and a shared vision of the good.
• Leadership is that process in which one person sets the purpose or direction for one or
more other persons and gets them to move along together with him or her and with each
other in that direction with competence and full commitment.

12. Definitions:- Contd.
• Leadership is the behavior of an individual when he is directing the activities of a group
toward a shared goal.(Hemphill )
• Leadership is the capacity to translate vision into reality. Warren G. Bennis
• Leadership is the incremental influence that a person has beyond his or her formal
authority. (Vecchio, 1988)
• Leadership is the influential increment over and above mechanical compliance with the
routine directives of the organization.( Katz & Kahn 1978, p. 528)
• Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to
achieve a common goal (Northouse, 2004)
• Leadership is the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational
objectives through changes. (Lussier &Achua, 2004)

13. Some characteristic of Leaders
a)Adaptable of situations b)Alert
towards social situation c)Cooperative
d) Significant
e) Dependable
f) Assertive (Positive, Decisive)
g) Confident and Persistent (Determined, Strong Headed)
h) Knowledge

14. Principle Role of Leaders-
•Negotiator
•Coach and Motivator
•Team Builder
•Friend
•Advisor
•Guide
•Mentor

15. Behavior and attitude of Trustworthy Leader
• Reliability
• Truthfulness
• Consistency
• Walking the talk
• Readiness to accept
feedback
• Confidence
• Collaboration
• Cooperation
• Communication
• Predictable

16. Key Elements in any Leadership Situation
•Leadership is an activity or a process
•The leadership process involves such things as
influence, exemplary behavior or persuasion
•It involves actors who are both leaders and followers
•The leadership process has various outcomes – most
obviously the achievement of Goals, but also
commitment of individuals to such goals.

17. Leadership roles
A. Create an Inspiring Vision & Lead by Example
B. Empower, Inspire, and Energize People
C. Build and Lead a Team

18. Create an Inspiring Vision & Lead by Example
• Create an inspiring vision; establish shared values;
give direction and set stretch goals
• Manage change strategically, take risks, create
change; lead change; manage resistance to change. Lead
by example; practice what you preach; set an example,
and share risks or hardship
• Demonstrate confidence; win respect and trust
without courting popularity

19. Empower, Inspire, and Energize People
•Be enthusiastic; inspire and energize people; create a
positive work environment
•Empower people; delegate authority; be open to ideas;
have faith in the creativity of others
•Communicate openly and honestly; give clear
guidelines; set clear expectations
•Empathize; be willing to discuss and solve problems;
listen with understanding; support and help

20. Build and Lead a Team
•Use team approach; facilitate cooperation; involve
everyone; trust ones group; rely on their judgment
•Bring out the best in ones people; have common touch with
them; coach and provide effective feedback
•Permit group decision; help ones team reach better
decisions
•Monitor progress, but don't micromanage, lead ones team;
avoid close supervision; do not over boss; do not dictate; lead
team self-assessment

21. Leadership Styles in business
• Autocratic Leadership Style
• Bureaucratic Leadership Style
• Democratic Leadership Style
Autocratic Leadership Style
• The classical approach
•Manager retains as much power and decision-making authority
as possible
• Does not consult staff, nor allowed to give any input
•Staff expected to obey orders without receiving any
explanations
• Structured set of rewards and punishments.

22. Bureaucratic Leadership Style
• Manages “by the book¨
• Everything done according to procedure or policy
• If not covered by the book, referred to the next level above
Democratic Leadership Style
• Also known as participative style
• Encourages staff to be a part of the decision making
• Keeps staff informed about everything that affects their work and
shares decision making and problem-solving responsibilities

23. Types of Leadership
•Visionary Leader
•Integration Leader
•Fulfillment Leader
•Transactional Leader
•Transformational Leaders
•Charismatic Leader

24. Visionary Leader
It is the one who has a long-term perspective, who is
externally oriented and has a broad interest in industry,
economy, regulations, and politics.
His tasks include forming a mission statement, vision and
values. He is supposed to transform and structure the
organization to ensure survival and growth.
Example of visionary leader can be a director, senior
executive, chair and head of school, senior partner etc.

25. Integration Leader
It is the one who has medium-term perspective.
He has an inside out orientation where his main focus is
on his own organization.
His main function is to develop organization’s systems
and processes. He reconciles conflicting interests. He
develops and create a strong culture.
He ensures effective running of whole organization by
using and innovating corporate knowledge and
recruiting and retaining talent.

26. Fulfillment Leader
It is the one who has a short-term perspective.
He is a knowledge expert who is result oriented
and who has customer service thinking. He
pleases the customer by delivering results on
time.
He makes continuous improvement by unlocking
individual potential and optimum usage of
resources.

27. Transactional Leader
These are the ones who take the initiative in
offering some form of need satisfaction in return for
something valued by the employees, such as pay
promotion, improved job satisfaction or
recognition.
The leader sets clear goals and is expert at
understanding the needs of employees and selects
appropriate, motivating rewards.

28. Transformational Leaders
It is the process of engaging the commitment of
the employees in the context of the shared values
and the shared vision.
It is particularly relevant in the context of
managing change. It involves relationship of
mutual trust between the leaders and the
followers.

29. Charismatic Leader
Till now we have read about different types of leaders
but sometimes it happens that we are awed by a leader
and follow him/her blindly.
The personal charm of the person influences us. These
types of leaders are known as charismatic leaders.
Mahatma Gandhi was also an example of charismatic
leader. They have a great deal of emotional appeal.
Swami Vivekanand was another charismatic leader.

30. Approaches/theories to Leadership
Trait Approach
Behavioral Approach
Situational and Contingency Approach
Functional Approach
Relational Approach
Transformational Approach

31. Trait Approach
Theories that consider personal qualities and characteristics
that differentiate leaders from non-leaders.
Some traits increase the likelihood of success as a leader, but
none of them guarantee success.
Traits predict behavior better in “weak” than “strong”
situations.
Unclear evidence of the cause and effect of relationship of
leadership and traits.
Better predictor of the appearance of leadership than
distinguishing effective and ineffective leaders.

32. Behavioral Approach
•Behavioral leadership theory argues that the
success of a leader is based on their behavior
rather than their natural attributes. Behavioral
leadership theory involves observing and
evaluating a leader's actions and behaviors when
they are responding to a specific situation.
•This leadership theory focuses on the actions of
leaders, not on mental qualities or internal states.
According to this theory, people can learn to
become leaders through teaching and
observation.

33. Situational and Contingency Approach
• Situational theory assumes that different situations
call for different characteristics; according to this
group of theories, no single optimal psychographic
profile of a leader exists.
• The contingency theory of leadership supposes that a
leader's effectiveness is contingent on whether or not
their leadership style suits a particular situation.
According to this theory, an individual can be an
effective leader in one circumstance and an ineffective
leader in another one.

34. Functional Approach
•Functional leadership theory is a particularly
useful theory for addressing specific leader
behaviors expected to contribute to
organizational or unit effectiveness.
•This theory argues that the leader’s main job is
to see that whatever is necessary to group needs
is taken care of; thus, a leader can be said to
have done their job well when they have
contributed to group effectiveness and cohesion.

35. Relational Approach
• The relationship theory of leadership focuses on leaders
who are mainly concerned about their interactions with
others. They are often mentors for employees, scheduling
time to talk to them and working to meet their needs.
• Relational leaders empower others. They see the
strengths and weaknesses of each member of their team,
and work to build on strengths and improve weaknesses.
The professional growth of others is important to a
relational leader. Relational leaders have a clear purpose,
which they are able to communicate to others.

36. Transformational Approach
•The transformational leader motivates its team to be
effective and efficient. Communication is the base for
goal achievement focusing the group on the final
desired outcome or goal attainment.
•This leader is highly visible and uses chain of
leaders focus
command to get the job done. Transformational
on the big picture, needing to be
surrounded by people who take care of the details.
The leader is always looking for ideas that move the
organization to reach the company’s vision.

37. Ethical Leadership
Ethical leadership is a form of leadership in which
individuals demonstrate conduct for the common
good that is acceptable and appropriate in every
area of their life. It is composed of the following
three major ethical traits.
•Be the Example
•Champion the Importance of Ethics
•Communicate

38. Be the Example
A noble quality of a leader is leading by example. As an
ethical leader, it’s important to remember that actions
often speak louder than words.
People are more likely to judge someone based on how
they act, rather than what they say. By practicing and
demonstrating the use of ethical, honest and unselfish
behavior to subordinates, ethical leaders may begin to
earn the respect of their peers. People may be more likely
to follow a leader who respects others and shows
integrity.

39. Champion the Importance of Ethics
One role of an ethical leader is focusing on the overall
importance of ethics, including ethical standards and
other ethical issues, and how these factors can influence
society.
As an ethical leader, it’s important to teach peers about
ethics, especially in cases where they are faced with an
ethical issue in the workplace.

40. Communicate
Successful ethical leaders tend to be good communicators. People
communicate in different ways. Some may feel comfortable speaking in public,
regardless of personnel or situation, while others may be hesitant to speak with
a leader because of fear, anxiousness or simply not knowing how to articulate
what they are trying to say.
They might be better talking via email, rather than in person. It’s an ethical
leader’s job to communicate with each member of the team, but also allow for
open conversation, as some people may have questions and concerns that
need addressed. It’s important for leaders to build friendly relation with their
team.
Quality relationships tend to be built on trust, fairness, integrity,
openness, compassion and respect.

41. Impacts of Ethical Leadership
Ethical leaders can help establish a positive
environment with productive relationships over
three levels: the individual, the team and the
overall organization.
Nurturing the relationships at each of these
levels can lead to positive outcomes and benefits
for ethical leaders.

42. The Well-Being of the Individual
Maintaining a positive working atmosphere is an
important responsibility of a strong ethical leader.
Ethical leaders who lead by example may influence
others to do the same.
Generally, people are affected by the interactions that
occur around them. Positive communication among co-
workers may help influence job productivity and
attitude.

43. The Energy of the Team
Ethical leadership can also involve the management
of conduct and collaboration within a team.
Typically, morale is higher in the workplace when
people are getting along with each other.
When co-workers are working as a team, it can help
build relationships in the workplace and help the
overall performance of the group. Generally, strong
leaders lead by example.

44. The Health of the Organization
The importance of maintaining a positive attitude in the
workplace has a lot to do with improving the overall health
of the organization.
When people can show respect for one another and can
value other’s opinions, it may help create a productive
working environment.
An ethical organization can occur when communities of
people work together in an environment of mutual respect,
where they can grow personally, build friendships and
contribute to the overall goal.

45. 4-V Model of Ethical Leadership
The 4-V model helps align the internal beliefs and values
with the external behaviors and actions for the purpose of
the common good.
The four V’s stand for Values, Vision, Voice and Virtue, the
characteristics that help create a strong ethical leader.
In the end, the main goal of an ethical leader is to create a
world in which the future is positive, inclusive and allows
the potential for all individuals to pursue and fulfill their
needs and meet their highest potential.

46. leadership values
• Values are the underlying beliefs that guide our decisions
and actions and ultimately shape our days and careers.
• Leadership values are a subset of those values that positively
influence one’s ability to lead effectively or be a ‘good leader.’
• You can foster and develop leadership values with time.
However, as with many character traits, you will probably
have a tendency toward one specific leadership skill or
another.

47. The importance of a leader with values
• Anyone in a leadership role should be aware of the values
they hold, their strengths, and the areas they can improve
on as they grow as a leader.
• Because your values determine how you execute leadership,
the team environment you create, and the success of your
company. The values you display as a leader will permeate
your entire organization and affect its performance.
• Leaders who adhere to their values earn respect and
commitment from their teams. Value-driven leadership
can inspire others not just to follow them but to adopt
those values as their own.

48. Important values of a leader
•Empower and
development
•Vision
•Communication
•Reinforcement and
influence
•Empathy
•Humility
•Passion and commitment
•Respect
•Patience
•Resilience
•Honesty and
transparency
•Accountability
•Integrity

49. Empowerment and development
•As a leader, you are in a position of power.
•Instead of trying to keep all that power and
control for oneself, an effective leader
empowers others and amplifies their own
impact as a result.
•This empowerment can come from formal
employee training, ongoing coaching, and
workforce development. Mentorship and the
delegation of responsibilities can also help.

50. Vision
• Leaders have the important responsibility of creating and
maintaining the organizational vision. When you center
vision as a leadership value, this means you keep the big
picture at the forefront of your decision-making.
• It also means employing foresight to plan for obstacles.
Keep an eye out for anything that may get in the way of
your company’s vision, and be ready to update the vision
as you gain more experience and information.
• Successful leadership also includes the leader’s ability to
communicate that vision to their team members. The
message must be shared in a meaningful, actionable, and
engaging way.

51. Communication
•Communication is the foundation of any relationship.
•In a work setting, centering communication as a core
leadership value manifests in many ways. It can take
the form of conveying context to employees. Or it can
be setting clear expectations for individuals and
teams.
•A leader may have a clear vision, but unless
communication is a driving value, others will not be
able to share it.

52. Reinforcement and influence
• Positive reinforcement and recognition to your team
members are important forms of communication.
• When things are busy, it can be all too easy to speed along
without making an effort to show that you noticed
someone’s contribution.
• However, positive reinforcement is a huge aspect of
improving employee motivation and engagement. Not only
that but in lifting your influence as a business leader.
• By demonstrating appreciative behavior, you encourage
others to reinforce each other too. This helps boost morale
across the organization.

53. Empathy
• Empathy is the ability to understand others, see from their
point of view, and feel what they are feeling. It is a value
that is held in high regard by many senior executives and
good business leaders.
• you can build a far stronger team by exercising empathy
and understanding each person’s motivations with whom
you work.
• Empathy will help you match people’s strengths and skills
to roles where they can make the most impact. It will help
you build and sustain positive and productive relationships.
It will also help you recognize the core values of others on
your team.

54. Humility
•Leaders must constantly be learning. To be in that
receptive state of mind requires humility.
•Opportunities to build wisdom can easily be lost if you
are not willing to recognize and process mistakes.
Humility also means knowing when to ask for input
from others.
•If you have a gap in knowledge in a certain area, seek
advice from those with more experience or from
coaches. If your strategy is not connecting with your
audience, consult the people closest to the work or
your customers.

55. Passion and commitment
An extraordinary leader is not only capable of
commanding influence or communicating successfully.
They are also:
•committed to meeting organizational goals
•passionate about the company and their leadership
role within it and demonstrate ferocious resolve when
faced with adversity
•A leader with this kind of mindset can motivate
everyone around them. Their passion and energy are
so infectious that it drives and uplifts the entire team.

56. Respect
As a leader, you can demonstrate
respect through many of the behaviors
already listed here:
•Empowering others
•Strong communication skills
•Recognition of employee abilities
•Empathizing with the situations of others

57. Patience
• Patience is a value that is often learned with time but is an
incredibly important skill for those in leadership roles. At its
heart, patience is about delayed gratification.
• Leaders need to be patient with new hires who aren’t up to
operating speed yet. They also require patience with existing
team members who are working out how to deal with
complex issues. This is especially true where the leader may
be able to tackle with greater ease.
• Patience also benefits leaders who have long-term goals,
such as quarterly or annual sales targets. These goals can
only be achieved incrementally through perseverance and
patience.

58. Resilience
•A key nature of business is change, and as a
leader, you often take the brunt of big changes
— or even initiate them.
•You must be able to weather these times, not
only for yourself but for your team.
•This is not to say you can’t have human reactions
to challenges, but ultimately your team will
respond to how you handle hardship and
communicate the outcomes.

59. Honesty and transparency
• Employees want a coach and leader who is honest and
transparent about their performance, business objectives
and directives, and internal company politics.
• Nobody likes to feel like they are being lied to or deceived.
• Transparency does not mean telling everyone everything as
soon as you hear it — there is a time and a manner in which
to convey information.
• Valuing transparency, in this case, would mean
communicating why there is a reorganization and getting
other company leaders on board with how it affects them
and their teams.

60. Accountability
•One of the values that many employees admire in a
leader is accountability.
•Accountability means taking responsibility for one’s
duties and goals and, at times, owning responsibility
for the shortcomings of one’s team.
•However, strong leaders also need to be prepared to
hold their employees accountable for the tasks they
are responsible for, which helps to promote personal
growth with your team.

61. Integrity
•Integrity is a character trait that gains respect
and trust.
•As a leader, integrity means approaching all of
your work with consistency and coherently.
•Integrity means honoring commitments
(including to yourself) and doing what you say
you will do, as well as approaching challenges in
ways that are coherent with other values and
beliefs.