2. Verbal Language- consist of symbols such
as letters, words and other marks for a
coherent or organized means of
understanding or expressing ideas. Verbal
symbols refer to the use of speaker language.
Non-verbal language norms for non- verbal vary from country to country
and among cultures:
Eye brow flash – recognition when we see someone
Open hand or palm up – need something or help
Smiling – vary from culture to culture
Non verbal communication is influenced by context and varies among
individuals within a particular cultural group as well.
3. Non-verbal language symbols
1. Body Movements – gestures, facial expressions, posture and eye movements
Kinesis – Greek term ‘kinesis’ meaning ‘motion’ study of body movements.
2. Para language – extra sounds that go with the spoken words, study of this is
called Paralinguistic
Speaking: highness & lowness – Pitch
Loudness & softness – Volume
Speediness & slowness – Duration
Rising & falling – intonation
Shrillness, huskiness,breathiness, mellowness, etc. -Quality
4. Vocalization or voice special usage like crying, moaning, growling,
yawning, sighing and groaning.
Vocal pauses or boosters like ash..ugh..oh…shhh..opps many others
3. Time- your willingness, hesitance or hatred to wait for a long time speaks of
your trait of patience & impatience. Chronemics is the term that refers to your
act of studying the impact or effect of time on your behavior.
4. Proxemics- a space or distance symbolizes or represents your thoughts or
feelings about your world. Likewise, your body contacts, physical closeness with
people, acts of touching or patting them, maintaining a wide & narrow gap
between you and the other party, expresses meanings on the extent of intimacy
or personal relationship established. Haptics is the term used to refer on the
study of the effects of touch on people.
5. Physical Appearance & Object Language- this is represented by dressing style,
body types, body appearance like size & shape, architectural design, art objects,
lightning effects, aromatic or smelly objects that affect any communicative
event.
5. Communication & Globalization
Preparing to communicate across cultures
Pre-assessment: on preparedness to communicate effectively with persons of
different culture. Write True or False.
1.I enjoy communicating with persons unlike me as much as with persons like
me.
2. I am equally sensitive to the concerns of all groups in our multicultural society.
3. I can tell when persons from other cultures do not understand me.
4. I do not fear interacting with persons from minority groups any more than I
fear interacting with persons from the dominant culture.
5. Persons from other cultures have the right to be angry at members of my
culture.
6. 6. Persons from other cultures who don’t actively participate in a conversation,
or debate with others, may act that way because of their culture rules.
7. How I handle disagreements with persons from other cultures depend on the
situation and the culture of origin.
8. My culture is not superior to other culture.
9. I am knowledgeable on how to behave with people of different culture
10. I respect the communication rules of other culture than my own.
Virtually, everyday we find ourselves in situations that require us to communicate
with persons culturally different from ourselves (Gudykunst,1998). According to
researchers, the effectiveness of the United States in the global arena depends
on our ability to communicate competently with people from other cultures.
(Chen & Starosta, 1997).
7. Definition of Terms
Accommodation- a means by which co-culture members maintain their
cultural identity while striving to establish relationships with members of the
dominant culture.
Assimilation-means by which co-culture members attempt to fit in with
members of the dominant culture.
Co-cultures refers to group of people who differ to some ethnic or sociological
way from the parent culture
Collectivistic cultures- refers to cultures in which group goals are stressed.
Cultural Imperialism- expansion of dominion of one culture over another
culture.
Cultural pluralism- it is the adherence to the principle of cultural relativism
8. Cultural relativism- refers to the acceptance of other cultural group as equal
in value to one’s own.
Cultural confused- refers to the lacking of understanding of cultural
difference.
Culture- system of knowledge, beliefs, values, customs, behaviour, and
artifacts that are acquired, shared and used by members during daily living.
Diversity- refers to the recognition and valuing different factors such as age,
gender, race, ethnicity, ability, religion,eduction,marital status, sexual
orientation, and income.
Ethnocentrism- tendency to see one’s own culture as superior to all others.
Globalization- refers to the increasing economic, political & cultural
integration
9. Intercultural communication- way of interpreting and sharing meanings with
individuals from different cultures
Interetchnic communication- refers to interaction with individuals of different
etchnic origins
Masculine culture- it pertains to the cultures that value aggressiveness,
strength, and material symbols of success.
Melting-pot philosophy- view that different cultures should be assimilated in
to the to the dominant culture
Multiculturalism- refers to the engagement and respect toward people from
distinctly different cultures.
10. Thank you !!!
Not all of us can do great things, but
we can do small things with great love.
