It is my internship of 3year

1. INTERNSHIP ON STAAD PRO AT INTERNSHALA
Summer internship report submitted to the
department of civil engineering in partial
fulfillment
of the requirement for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY
B.L.S.S. Pravarthika (20131A0108)
D. Namitha Purnima(20131A0125)
G.B. Sushma(20131A0136)
G. Sai Varsha(20131A0139)
GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to JNTU – Kakinada Accredited by NAAC with A Grade with a CGPA of 3.47/4.00),
Madhurawada, Visakhapatnam-530048 (2022-2023)

2. STAAD is the abbreviation for Structural Analysis and Design.
STAAD Pro is one of the popular software that is used for analysing &
designing structures like – buildings, towers, bridges, industrial,
transportation, and utility structures. Designs may include any building
structures like tunnels, culverts, bridges, piles, and petrochemical plants; and
building materials like timber, concrete, steel, cold-formed steel, and
aluminium.
Introduction to STAAD PRO

3. Structural Analysis is a branch that involves the determination of the
behaviour of structures in order to predict the responses of real structures
such as buildings, bridges, trusses, etc. Under the improvement of
expected loading & external environment during the service life of
structures. The results of the analysis are used to verify the structure’s
fitness for use. Computer software's also being used for the calculation of
forces, bending moment, stress, strain & deformation, or deflection for a
complex structural system. The principle objective of this project is the
comparative study of the design and analysis of a “2D FRAME" by using
STAAD Pro. software. STAAD Pro. is one of the leading software for the
design of structures. In this project we analysed the residential building for
finding the shear forces, bending moments, deflections & reinforcement
details for the structural components of the building (such as Beams,
columns, and slabs) to develop the economic design. Finally, we will make
an attempt to define the economical section of the multistorey residential
building using STAAD Pro. software tool.
INTRODUCTION

4. A STRUCTURE can be defined as an assemblage of elements. STAAD is
capable of analysing and designing structures consisting of both frame, and
Finite elements. Almost any type of structure can be analysed by STAAD.
Frame elements - Beam elements - 2 nodes Finite elements –
1.) Plate - 3 or 4 nodes
2.) Solid - 4 to 8 nodes in case of STAAD
Node becomes Joint
It has a number and XYZ coordinates
Beam becomes Member it has a number and nodes at its ends
The plate becomes an Element it has a number and node at its corners
STRUCTURE

5. A TRUSS structure consists of truss members which can have
only axial member forces and no bending in the members.
A PLANE structure is bound by a global X-Y coordinate system
with loads in the same plane.
A SPACE structure, which is a three-dimensional framed
structure with loads applied in any plane, is the most general.
A FLOOR structure is a two or three-dimensional structure
having no horizontal (global X or Z) movement of the structure
[FX, FZ & FY are restrained at every joint]. The floor framing (in a
global X-Z plane) of a building is ideal.
TYPES OF STRUCTURE

6. ANALYSIS OF A 2D MODEL
(Portal frame with 3 Bays)

7. METHODOLOGY
Reading the 2D frame
The first step in our process will be reading the plan that has been
provided to us by the architect. From this reading process, we will
get all the information such as the number of stories, number of
bays, loadings, etc.
Analysisof a 2D MODEL
Modelling the structure
The structure for this example is a concrete portal frame with a
single story and three bays. The figure below shows the structure.

8. Attribute Data
Member properties Beam 0.3 x 0.15 (m)Column 0.45 x 0.3 (m)
Member offset 0.2 m along global X for beams at both ends
Supports Fixed
Loads Dead load (DL)Self weight
Wsdl = 10 kN/m
Live load (LL)
Wl = 10 kN/m
Load combination 1.4DL + 1.7LL

9. Input Model
*Create a new file
a. Go to project task and select new project
b. Type a file name
c. Select the file location
d. Set the units
e. Click “next”
f. selects “add beam”
g. Click “finish”
* Make a model
a. Activate snap node/beam
b. Create a frame
c. Press “ESC” to stop
d. Select two beams
e. Select “translational repeat”
f. Select Global direction X, no of step “2” and Default step spacing “7” m
g. Click OK
h. Activate nodes cursor
i. Select the four nodes
j. Right-click and select move and type “1” m in the X box, then select
“OK”, if there is a notification, select “yes”
MODELLING IN STAAD PRO

11. Define and assign element properties
a. Choose tab general à property
b. Select define
c. Select rectangular shape
d. Type dimension for column 0.45 m x 0.3 m
e. Choose concrete for material
f. Click add

13. Define and assign supports
a. Choose tab general à support
b. Create support
c. Choose tab fix
d. Click add
e. Select Support2
f. Select the nodes
g. Click assign

14. Dead load
Dead load on a structure is the result of the weight of the permanent
components such as the roof, floor, wall, and foundation systems,
including claddings, finishes, and fixed equipment. These
components will produce the same constant 'dead' load during the
lifespan of the building. Dead loads are exerted in the vertical plane.
Dead loads considered in the model consist of the self-weight of the
members, a load of partition walls, and floor loads.
Live load
Live loads (also knownas applied or imposed loads, or variable
actions) may vary over time and often result from the occupancy of a
structure. Typical live loads may include people, the action of wind
on an elevation , furniture, vehicles, the weight of the books in a
library, and so on.
LOADINGS

15. a. Choose tab general à Loading & Definition
b. Select Load Cases Details
c. Click Add
d. Select Dead for loading type and entitle DL
e. Click Add
Loading

16. In this study, there are 5 live load conditions
as shown figure below. To accomplish the loading
definition for live load, repeat steps d and e
(select Live for loading type and entitle
LL1, LL2, LL3, LL4, LL5)
. Select “1:DL”
g. Click Add
h. Select Member Load à Uniform force
i. Type -10 for W1 and select GY for direction
j. Click Add then Close
k. Select UNI GY -10 kN/m
l. Select the beams
m. Click “assign to selected beams” then assign
n. Click yes

17. Analysis
a. Select “Analysis/Print”
b. Click Add and Close
c. Analyze à Run Analysis

18. Output
Moment diagram – envelope
a. Go to Postprocessing
b. select the load combination
c. click OK

19. Go to Beam–Forces
e. Activate “Bending Moment” (MZ)
f. Select envelope

20. Shear forces diagram – envelope
a. Go to Beam – Forces
b. Activate “Shear Force” (FY)
c. Select envelope
displacement diagram-envelope

21. Displacement diagram-envelope
a. Go to beam results
b. Activate “displacement”
c. Select envelope
d. Displacement diagram envelope

22. SYMBOLS USED :
The following symbols have been used in
our project and its meaning is clearly
mentioned respective to it:
LL - live load
DL-Dead load
B.M-Bending moment
FY-Shear force in Y-axis
MZ-bending moment about Z-axis
STAAD pro is a very good software which reduces our work. If there is no software like STAAD
pro the work of civil engineers will still be very tough. If all the calculations are done by human
hands, then it will be very time-consuming and also will lead to so many mistakes since we are
humans. Even though it is very helpful to us, the instructor doesn’t want us to use the software
in detail because the result that we get from the software is not suitable or appropriate in the
field. In this case, manual detailing is more economic and more efficient. Overall, it has been a
very important software to civil engineers.
Results and discussion