The document discusses various ethical issues faced in media, including plagiarism, payola, conflict of interest, withholding information, deceit, and invasion of privacy. It provides examples for each issue. Plagiarism includes passing off another's work as one's own or not properly attributing sources. Payola involves giving gifts or bribes to influence coverage. Conflict of interest arises when a reporter's ideology clashes with the story they are reporting on. Withholding information means not sharing details the audience should know. Deceit involves misrepresenting the truth to mislead audiences. Invasion of privacy unjustifiably exposes someone's private life without consent.

1. MEDIA ETHICS LAWS POLICIES &
STRATEGIES
 NAME : UMER MUSTAFA
 REG# 394-FSS.MSMC/F1
 BATCH# F18 MS - Media & Communication Studies
 Faculty of Social Sciences
 UNIVERSITY: International Islamic University
Islamabad
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2. PRESENTATION TOPIC
CHALLENGES OF

3. What is Ethics?
 Ethics is defined as a moral philosophy or code of
morals practiced by a person or group of people.
 Ethics, also called moral philosophy
 It says:
 The discipline concerned with what is morally good
and bad and morally right and wrong.
 how people make decisions and lead their lives.
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4. HISTORY OF WORD “ETHICS”
 The English word "ethics“
 It is derived from the Ancient Greek word ēthikós
 which itself comes from the root word êthos
 Whose meaning is "relating to one's character“
 "character & moral nature“
 This word was transferred into Latin as ethica
 and then into French as éthique,
 from which it was transferred into English.
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5. ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDIA
 1 PLAGIARISM
 2 POYLA
 3 CONFLICT OF INTEREST
 4 WITHHOLDING INFORMATION
 5 DECEIT
 6 INVASION OF PRIVACY
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6. LETS DISCUSS ONE BY ONE
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7. 1 PLAGIARISM
What is PLAGIARISM ?
 Plagiarism is considered as passing off someone's else creative work as
your own
 Taking of another's words and representing them as your own work
 It is a form of thievery
 It is NOT only unethical but
 ILLEGAL
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8.  Taking material verbatim from the newspaper library even when the
material is from your own newspaper
 It is still someone's work
 You have two options
 Put it in your own words
 OR
 Attribute it
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9. Using work Of Follow Reporters
 Often more than one reporter is assigned to a story
 but article will appear under one byline
 Now the work of both is credited to one person which is
unethical & a ethical issue
 It was the Work of Both
 So
 Both must be credited in byline
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10. Example :
 The Minneapolis Tribune discovered one of its sports
Reporter used portion of Washington post reports work
 The newspaper ran an apology and
 suspended the reporter &
 referred him for guidance for how to work in the
newspaper
REFRENCE: BOOK NEWS REPORTING & WRITING 3RD EDITION THE MISSOURI GROUP
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11. 2 PAYOLA
 Act of giving or offering a bribe
 It can be in the form of
 Gifts
 Lunch , Dinners
 Free Drinks
 Offering a Dress
 Offering a vehicle
 Free Tickets on Mega Events etc.
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12. LETS SEE WITH EXAMPLES
No 1
 Air line inaugurating a flights often invites media
representation to take the first flight free
 Destinations are attractive such as (Hawaii ) & there is a
stopover of at least a day
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13. EXAMPLE NO:2
 Television critics are invited to a whirlwind series of premiere showings
,interviews and parties with the stars
 E.g. (LUX AWARDS, HUM AWARDS)
 The network offers to pay all expenses of a reporters
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14. BOOK BRASS CHECK 1919
 THE Writer Sinclair tells
 How news people took bribes to put stories in the paper
 Even all media ethics codes condemn gifts & bribes
 But there are still people who curry favor with the mass media
through gifts
 E.g. : A college sports publicist as a good will gesture gives a
fifth of Whisky at Christmas to a sports writer
 sports Reporter are treated to lavish parties with hors d’oeuvres
& orchestra etc.
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15. IN HIS BOOK
 HE SAYS
 The mayor remembers a reporter on a city hall each holiday and
birth day with a gift
 which may range from
 A bottle of whiskey to a Honorary key to the city
 The gifts , payola or money gives to the reports in expectation of
favorable coverage in media
 Reporters justify the trips by writing the stories on event
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16. WHAT IS CONFLICT?
 A serious disagreement or argument b/w people, organizations & states
 It is a clash of ideology
 conflict are different in nature
 They are:
 personal Racial class caste political and international.
 Conflict arises when reporter are serving themselves or the paper instead of
readers
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17. 3 CONFLICT OF INTEREST
 Can a member of a Democratic or Republican party cover the
political beat fairly?
 Can a religion editor objectively report on developments in
their own Mosques and Churches ?
 Can Information Minister of a Government gives news against
his own Government to media ?
 Answer to all question is a BIG NO
 Because their interest clash with the event
 Because there is a Clash of Ideology
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18. Lets understand with the 27 Feb 2019
Event
 Indian media reported that
 Indian pilot Abhinandan Varthaman crashed F16 of Pakistan
and started reporting event in a way that
 India’s pressurize Pakistan so Pakistan freed him
 But PM PAKSITAN SAID
 Pakistan releases Indian pilot Abhinandan as 'peace gesture‘
 And 2nd It was a lie that India hits PAKISTAN’S F 16
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19. Advertiser suspended Columnist
 EXAMPLE:
 The Honolulu Advertiser suspended a free lance
columnist when it admitted he had accepted 500 dollar
to write an article favourable to the dairy industry
REFRENCE: BOOK NEWS REPORTING & WRITING 3RD EDITION THE MISSOURI GROUP
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20. 4 WITHHOLDING INFORMATION
 It means
 Refusal to give something
 that is due or desired
 Not sharing information to audience at time which
they are supposed to know
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21.  A reporter in media decides what will and will not be in a story
 It based on the criteria of news value
 The criteria is :
 If the news is
 Timely interesting & important
 It should be reported
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22.  But There are times
 when other factors will influence your decision
 That which content should share with audience
 and which content should withhold
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23. EXAMPLE
 Interview of Former President Pakistan Asif Ali
Zardari taken off air July 2, 2019
 It was conducted by senior journalist Hamid Mir
 It was taken off air within a few minutes of
broadcasting on Geo News, leaving many
question to the freedom of the press in Pakistan.
 E.g.
 Maryam Nawaz's protest rally Huge Rally in
Pakpattan Blackout on TVs The PML-N leader was
due to address a protest rally , but announced that
the convoy had been cut off.
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24.  Government has decided and asked PEMRA to strictly follow
the guidelines.
 the federal cabinet decided to block media coverage and
interviews of politicians who are convicts or under-trial
prisoners and directed the Pakistan Electronic Media
Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) to fulfill its “responsibility” to
discourage airing of such programs by electronic media.
 This decision comes in the wake of recent controversial
takedown of Zardari's interview with Hamid Mir.
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25. 5 DECEIT
 The action or practice of deceiving someone by
concealing
 It is misrepresenting the truth.
 Act of dishonestly or unfairly
 To gain an advantage
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26.  In media the Ethical issue DECEIT is involves in
reporting that might deceive readers
 The technique(Deceit) used by readers
 to force the readers to think & understand
 that the story is accurate & fair
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27.  The example is
 The horrific incident in Kasur.
 The tragic rape and murder of Zainab
 But in the process,
 The fake news regarding the involvement of Kasur’s DPO
spread far and wide.
 This rumor was put to rest after the real suspect, Imran Ali,
was caught.
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28.  EXAMPLE:
 Kulsoom Nawaz was fighting cancer for almost one year.
 On her illness politicians, anchors and social media was
propagating again and again that it is all fake. ‘It’s a lie’, they
said. ‘She is alright’ they confirmed.
 On the other hand, there was propaganda at the time of the
Sharif's’ arrest that she had already expired but the news was
being kept a secret to be politically exploited later.
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29. INVASION OF PRIVACY
 Unjustifiable access into an individual’s private life.
 Obtained to someone's personality or personal affairs
 Public disclosure of embarrassing private information
 Appropriation of one's name or picture for personal or
commercial advantage
 Without his or her permission and/or knowledge.
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30. EXAMPLES
 IMRAN KHAN MARRIED WITH JEWISH Jemima Goldsmith.
 Imran- Reham divorce
 Qandeel Baloch
 COVERAGE TO MODEL AYAN ALI AS STAR
 ALEEMA KHAN CASE
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31.  Ayaan Ali case
 While a supermodel attempting to smuggle half a
million dollars to Dubai is a tempting opportunity to
throw in puns and quips, our media went too far yet
again.
 Instead, they would focus on anything regarding
smuggling of money but the case from Bollywood
scores in the background to Ayaan's clothing, her
stumble, her makeup and more.
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32. ANY QUESTION?